氨基酸离子液体的制备及对二氧化碳的吸收

以1-氨丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐和L-赖氨酸为原料,采用两步法合成了一种新型多氨基功能化离子液体1-氨丙基-3-甲基咪唑赖氨酸([APmim][Lys]),用于对CO_2的吸收,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)等对其进行表征。采用单因素法研究浓度和温度对离子液体吸收CO_2效果的影响;探讨了该离子液体的循环稳定性。结果发现:在30℃时,质量分数为20%的[APmim][Lys]离子吸收液具有较好的吸收效果,对CO_2的吸收量可达1.72 mol/mol IL;经过7次循环吸收-解吸操作,吸收率仍高于89.5%,具有良好的循环稳定性。     

硅烷修饰SBA-15与固载聚醚离子液体化催化剂的制备与性能

将3种聚醚离子液体,即Cl[PECH-MIM]-OH、Cl [PECH-MIM]-COOH和Cl [PECH-MIM]-NH₂,分别与助催化剂ZnBr₂反应制得复合型聚醚离子液体,再用硅烷(CPTES)修饰分子筛SBA-15,并将其固载复合聚醚离子液体,制得固载化催化剂SCP-OH/[ZnBr₂]、SCP-COOH/[ZnBr₂] 和 SCP-NH2/[ZnBr₂]。利用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、电镜扫描仪对SBA-15及3种固载化催化剂进行化学结构、热性能和表观形貌的表征,并研究其催化环氧丙烷(PO)与CO₂合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)反应的性能。结果表明,复合型聚醚离子液体成功固载于硅烷分子筛上,实现了离子液体的相态转变及其高效的非均相转化CO₂。对于3种固载化离子液体催化环氧丙烷与CO₂的羰基化反应SCP-COOH/[ZnBr₂ 的催化性能最佳,在CO₂压力3.0 MPa、反应温度130  ℃、液时空速为0.5 h^-1的反应条件下,PO转化率为83.8%、产物PC选择性为94.1%,并且连续使用80 h后仍保持良好的催化性能。     

新型马尿酸盐类离子液体的腐蚀性与摩擦学性能

设计开发了3种马尿酸盐类离子液体：1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑马尿酸盐离子液体[BMIM][Hip]、胆碱马尿酸盐离子液体[CHO][Hip]和三丁基十四烷基鏻马尿酸盐离子液体[P₄₄₄₁₄][Hip],通过电化学和摩擦学方法分别考察了这3种离子液体对低碳钢的腐蚀性,及其作为润滑剂对钢/钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能,并与传统1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([BMIM][BF₄])进行比较。结果表明：传统离子液体[BMIM][BF₄]对低碳钢的腐蚀性较强;合成的3种离子液体对低碳钢的腐蚀性均非常弱,其中[CHO][Hip]对低碳钢的腐蚀性最弱;此外,合成的3种离子液体在钢/钢摩擦副上均表现出优异的摩擦学性能,使用[BMIM][Hip],[CHO][Hip],[P₄₄₄₁₄][Hip]润滑时摩擦副的磨损量分别为使用[BMIM][BF₄]润滑时磨损量的9.3%,5.3%,18.1%。     

混合醇胺溶液耦合电石炉净化灰吸收-矿化CO2性能

针对醇胺吸收法中富CO₂吸收液的解吸封存问题，详细探究了乙醇胺(MEA)与N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)混合溶液耦合电石炉净化灰吸收-矿化CO₂的潜力，并同等添加比例(n(CO₂):n(Ca)=1.0:1.0)下CaO、Ca(OH)₂的CO₂矿化性能进行了对比。实验结果表明，配比为1.5 mol/L MEA+1.5 mol/L DMEA的混合醇胺溶液的CO₂吸收负荷和解吸率最大，分别为1.807 mol/L和82.78%；经过4次吸收-解吸循环后其CO₂吸收性能有所下降，但4次循环后CO₂吸收负荷仍有0.950 mol/L，利用电石炉净化灰可有效解吸封存MEA/DMEA混合醇胺溶液吸收的CO₂。电石炉净化灰的解吸性能接近CaO但优于Ca(OH)₂，所得矿化产物包括文石、球霰石和方解石型碳酸钙。这主要由于活性含钙物质可以向富CO₂溶液中释放Ca     

COSMO-RS模型筛选离子液体萃取分离正辛烷-噻吩

基于COSMO-RS模型，计算和分析了26种阳离子和21种阴离子所组成的546种离子液体(IL)，并研究了IL对于正辛烷(OC)-噻吩(TS)物系的萃取分离能力。通过对阴、阳离子萃取选择性及表面电荷密度进行比较，筛选出最佳萃取剂1,3-二甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐([MMIM][H₂PO₄])。采用静电势和电荷分析、相互作用能分析、弱相互作用分析等，探讨了萃取过程物质间相互作用机理。对于以[MMIM][H₂PO₄]为萃取剂分离OC-TS物系的连续萃取流程进行了模拟。模拟结果显示，[MMIM][H₂PO₄]具有良好的萃取性，能够达到深度萃取的要求。     

二氧化碳捕集技术研究进展及其在驱油中的应用

控制二氧化碳(CO₂)排放对保护环境至关重要。综述了目前主流的CO₂捕集技术,包括吸收法和吸附法。介绍了膜分离、离子液体和超重力等化工过程强化技术分别结合吸收法和吸附法在CO₂捕集中的研究进展。CO₂驱油(CO₂-EOR)是CO₂捕集后重要的封存及利用方式,介绍了化学吸收法CO₂捕集应用于CO₂-EOR项目的典型案例。指出需要进一步降低目前CO₂捕集技术的能耗和成本、提高CO₂-EOR注入气源的质量和纯度,并对未来CO₂捕集、利用和封存技术的发展进行了展望。     

高温高压下离子液体对原油中沥青质沉淀的抑制效果评价

离子液体在油藏开发中防止沥青质沉淀的潜力较大,但高温高压条件下离子液体的抑制效果尚不明确。在对2种离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Cl)和溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Br)以及2种商业抑制剂对原油中沥青质沉淀抑制效果评价的基础上,采用其中的最佳抑制剂及浓度开展了高温高压沥青质沉淀测定实验,研究了离子液体对地层原油及CO₂ 注入后地层原油中沥青质沉淀起始压力(AOP)及沥青质聚集体尺寸的影响。结果表明,[bmim]Br对沥青质沉淀的抑制效果远高于[bmim]Cl和另外2种商业抑制剂,最佳加量为600mg/L。纯地层原油的AOP为28.7 MPa;当加入[bmim]Br后,AOP降幅为21.6%;当在离子液体中添加异丙醇后,AOP降幅达到29.6%。饱和30%CO₂ 地层原油的AOP为31.6 MPa;当加入异丙醇与[bmim]Br的混合溶剂时,AOP降幅达44.3%。异丙醇能与[bmim]Br及CO₂ 产生三元相互作用,提高[bmim]Br的活性,大幅降低饱和CO₂ 原油的...     

金属络合类离子液体用于汽油萃取脱硫的研究

本文由原料[Et₃NH]Cl、无水FeCl₃和无水CuCl合成了离子液体[Et₃NH]Cl-FeCl₃/CuCl,考察了其萃取脱硫性能。结果表明：在对模拟汽油（噻吩溶于正辛烷）和FCC汽油脱硫时,离子液体[Et₃NH]Cl-FeCl₃/CuCl均表现出了较好的脱硫性能。当离子液体和模拟汽油的体积比V(IL):V(oil)=0.08,时间t=50min,温度T=50℃时,模拟汽油中噻吩的脱除率能够达到 93.9%。在相同的温度和时间条件下,当离子液体和FCC汽油的体积比V(IL):V(oil)=0.1时,经过三次萃取,能够获得低硫（硫含量小于10μg/g）FCC汽油,FCC汽油的收率为94.3%。离子液体具有较好的循环使用能力,循环使用5次后,汽油中噻吩的脱除率没有明显降低。     

地下煤气化合成气的脱碳提氢耦合工艺探讨

针对煤炭地下气化(UCG)技术制备的合成气具有温度高(>200℃)、压力大(3.35 MPa)、饱和含水量大及组分复杂(含CH₄、H₂、CO₂和CO等)的特点,设计并采用膜分离+溶剂吸收耦合的处理方法以实现地下煤合成气中CO₂的脱除和H₂的提纯。地下煤合成气经过二级膜分离单元的处理,实现了CO₂/H₂与CH₄的分离并得到了脱碳净化气,其中CO₂含量(物质的量分数)≤3%,该膜分离工艺所需能耗为0.297 k W·h/m³。使用醇胺吸收法处理CO₂/H₂混合气,并通过配方溶液筛选、工艺流程优化和校验分析等方法开展了研究,最终得到了H₂纯度(物质的量分数)≥99%的产品,该醇胺吸收法的能耗为0.341 k W·h/m³。使用膜分离+溶剂吸收耦合处理复杂工况的地下煤合成气,可得到脱碳...     

填料塔中混合胺钛基纳米流体对高浓度CO2的捕集试验研究

模拟了石油化工废气排放过程中高浓度CO₂(50%，体积分数)尾气处理场景。对伯胺和叔胺溶液进行复配，建立了兼具快速反应性能和高吸收容量的混合胺钛基纳米流体。自主设计并搭建10 t/a规模填料塔CO₂吸收-解吸循环试验系统，考察了纳米流体吸收剂在填料塔中的CO₂吸收-解吸综合强化机制。研究发现，相较混合胺而言，纳米流体吸收剂最大可提升40%的吸收-解吸循环容量。提高贫液中的CO₂负载会削弱纳米颗粒对吸收剂捕集CO₂性能的促进作用。当CO₂负载达到0.4 mol/mol(1 mol胺负载0.4 mol CO₂)时，纳米流体吸收剂的体积总传质系数和混合胺吸收剂基本一致。体系中纳米颗粒之间的相互作用增强，使液相内部形成微对流，可提升捕集体系的CO₂吸收性能。但当纳米颗粒质量分数超过0.12%时，液相中的微对流和固体穿梭效应会因粒子团聚而削弱。因此，需要在循环过程中采取有效措施对团聚的纳米颗粒进行分散。如何通过耦合外部扰动...     

H6P2W18O62/MCM-48催化剂的制备、表征及催化绿色合成己二酸

以MCM-48为载体,通过浸渍法制备了H6P2W18O62/MCM-48催化剂,并采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDS对催化剂进行表征。以微波促进30%(质量分数)H2O2氧化环己酮合成己二酸反应为探针,考察了H6P2W18O62/MCM-48的催化性能,并通过正交实验确定了优化的工艺条件。结果表明,采用H6P2W18O62负载量40%的H6P2W18O62/MCM-48催化剂,在优化的合成己二酸的工艺条件下,即催化剂质量分数(以环己酮质量计)5.1%、n(C6H10O)∶n(H2O2)∶n(H2C2O4.2H2O)=100∶450∶1.88、反应温度95℃、微波功率300 W、反应时间3.5h,己二酸收率可达81.3%;催化剂重复使用5次,己二酸收率仍可达到64.6%。     

Nanocatalysts: Effect of Active-phase and Promoter on Catalytic Properties and Performance in the Hydrodesulfurization Reaction

The influence of various amounts of phosphorus addition on performance of NiMoP/Al₂O₃ and CoMoP/Al₂O₃ nanocatalysts was examined in hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. The nanocatalysts were synthesized via sonochemical technique. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, BET, and FTIR analysis. The catalytic activity in hydrodesulfurization reaction was investigated in a batch stirred slurry reactor at 160°C and atmospheric pressure. The characterizations confirmed highly dispersion of active phase and formation of amorphous AlPO₄ species on the support surface. The results obtained from thiophene hydrodesulfurization showed the nanocatalysts contained 1 wt% of phosphorus had the highest activity. The CoMoP/Al₂O₃ and NiMoP/Al₂O₃ nanocatalysts with optimum phosphorus loading nearly gave 100% conversion of thiophene, so that the sulfur compound concentration in final solution was less than 50 ppm.     

Petroleum Hydrocarbons Extraction Efficiency of Carbon Tetrachloride and Trichlorotrifluoroethane: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) contaminated water samples, prepared in laboratory, were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy to compare PHC extraction efficiency of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and trichlorotrifluoroethane (C₂Cl₃F₃) solvents. The comparison of the results illustrated that PHC extraction efficiency of CCl₄ was greater than C₂Cl₃F₃. The higher extraction efficiency of CCl₄ was ascribed to its more non-polar nature and higher polarity index. This study supported the selection and use of CCl₄ for extraction and quantification of PHC of groundwater samples of the projects carried out in the department.     

Nanosized Platinum-Loaded H-ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts for n-Hexane Hydroconversion

Abstract

A series of nanosized platinum-containing catalysts was successfully loaded on/in zeolite H-ZSM-5 via exchanging the zeolitic proton with platinum from Pt tetramine dichloride complex. Another series of Pt/H-ZSM-5 catalysts was prepared via wet impregnation of H₂PtCl₆ solution for comparison. The latter series was found to produce lower Pt dispersion. Pt dispersion was determined by H₂ chemisorption. Catalyst characterization via ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was examined for all catalysts and showed large differences in particle sizes. The data on n-hexane reactions of the catalysts of both series confirmed the formation of Pt nanoparticles in the exchanged catalysts. The relatively lower density and strength of acid sites acquired by Pt-exchanged catalysts contributed to this difference; stronger acid sites in the impregnated catalysts are in favor of hydrocracking reactions, which inhibit isomerization selectivity.     

Characterization of Al2O3–ZrO2 Mixed Oxide Supported Mo Hydrotreating Catalyst

Abstract

A series of molybdenum catalysts supported on Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ mixed oxide containing 50% ZrO₂ and 50% Al₂O₃ were prepared by incipient wetness technique and characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction and oxygen chemisorption. The catalytic activities for hydrodesulphurization (HDS), hydrogenation (HYD), and hydrocracking (HYC) were determined using thiophene, cyclohexene, and cumene as model compounds, respectively. Results indicate that up to 8 wt% Mo loading, the catalyst is well dispersed and crystallite growth occurred beyond this loading. Also both oxygen uptake and catalytic activities increase with Mo loading up to 8 wt% and then decreases at higher loading. A linear correlation was obtained between oxygen uptake and all catalytic activities and the correlation coefficients obtained suggest that the order of catalytic activities for HDS, HYD, and HYC is: HDS > HYD > HYC. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of the mixed oxide supported catalyst for HDS, HYD, and HYC were higher than those supported on pure alumina and pure zirconia. The incorporation of 3% Co on 8% Mo catalyst was determined to result in enhanced activity for HDS, HYD, and HYC.     

复合SiO2-WO3催化剂的制备、表征及氧化脱除苯并噻吩性能

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO₂-WO₃催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR、BET、TG-DTA等方法对催化剂进行表征。以苯并噻吩(BT)为模型化合物,H₂O₂为氧化剂,考察了催化剂的活性元素、制备方法、n(W)/n(Si)和焙烧温度对其催化氧化脱硫活性的影响。结果表明,W的引入降低了SiO₂的比表面积,SiO₂-WO₃催化剂中W的主物相为WO₃。在以W为活性组元,且n(W)/n(Si)为0.1时,500℃焙烧得到的SiO₂-0.1WO₃催化剂具有最好的催化脱硫活性。在模拟油20 mL、催化剂SiO₂-0.1WO₃用量0.04 g、n(H₂O₂)/n(S)为15.9、乙腈/模拟油体积比0.3、65℃反应60 min的条件下,苯并噻吩模拟油脱硫率可达99.3%。     

Production of olefins from syngas over Al2O3 supported Ni and Cu nano-catalysts

The most important products that can be produced from syngas are methanol, dimethyl ether and light olefins (ethylene and propylene). The light olefins are the most important syngas products, because many of the chemicals are produced from them. The aim of this work was to study the olefins production from syngas over Al₂O₃-supported Ni-Cu nano-catalysts. In addition, the effect of various factors such as catalyst on olefin production and CO conversion has been investigated. The concentration of heavier olefins (C5) was greater than the remaining olefins, since the rate of reactions must be increased to form C1 to C4. In the case of a Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst, C1 and C4 was initially increased and then decreased with an increase in Ni loading from 0% to 15%.     

Design of Catalyst Support for Deep Hydrodesulfurization of Gas Oil

Abstract

Alumina-silica (Al₂O₃-SiO₂) composite supports were examined to find the optimum state of support (i.e., composition and morphology). SiO₂ content in the Al₂O₃-SiO₂ support induced a shift of the main peak to higher frequency ascribed to an increased amount of Mo₈O₂₆ ^4?. A 75 wt% Al₂O₃-25 wt% SiO₂ support had homogeneously dispersed alumina particles of smaller size with high crystallinity. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of straight-run gas oil and its conventionally hydrotreated straight-run gas oil was performed over NiMo sulfides supported on Al₂O₃-SiO₂ composites. The high crystallinity of NMASA2-27 may be related to the high HDS and hydrogenation activity of NiMo sulfides due to its moderate interaction with the alumina surface.     

氧化镁改性微米TS-1催化丙烯环氧化

合成了粒径在1~2 μm的廉价微米TS-1,并经MgO改性,杀灭其上少量的酸中心;采用SEM、XRD、BET对MgO改性前后的TS-1进行了表征,并考察了其在甲醇溶剂体系丙烯环氧化的催化性能。结果表明,TS-1催化剂经MgO改性后,可以显著提高其催化丙烯环氧化反应的环氧丙烷(PO)选择性,减少副反应的发生;在最优化反应条件CH₂O₂ =1.0 mol/L, θ = 60℃, t = 60 min, p_C3↓H6↓ = 0.6 MPa,以及按每1 gTS-1需80 mL CH₃OH的比例下,H₂O₂转化率达到99.5%,环氧丙烷选择性达到96.7%,环氧丙烷收率比未改性的微米TS-1也有明显提高。     

Application of Light Hydrocarbon (C7+) and Biomarker Analyses in Characterizing Oil from Wells in the North and North Central Sinai,Egypt

Abstract

Seven representative oil show samples from wells in the north and north central Sinai have been characterized by means of a variety of organic geochemical techniques (C₇ hydrocarbon and biomarker analyses), to illustrate origin, differences, and similarity among oils. These oils were obtained from Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs. The C₇ oil correlation star diagram (OCSD) suggests closely related oils, derived mainly from similar source rocks, while the C₇ oil transformation star diagram (OTSD) and C₇ light hydrocarbon analyses indicate a minor degree of transformation of some oils, as Misri-1, Halal-1, and Nakhl-1 oils were subjected to evaporative fractionation. Moreover, the studied oils show no sign of water washing and biodegradation. Molecular characteristics suggest pre-Tertiary shales and carbonate source rocks, deposited under a saline oxic environment, rich in terrigeneous organic sources with significant bacterial and algal input. Since the studied oils are of mixed marine and terrestrial origin, C₇ signature of these oils is not representative of their origin and should be supported by other geochemical evidence (e.g., biomarkers) to predict their origin.