含钼抗磨添加剂的性能研究

以五硫化二磷、烷基醇和三氧化钼为原料在一定的条件下反应合成了一种极压抗磨添加剂(简称M)--二烷基二硫代磷酸钼,将其按不同比例加入到国产L-AN100全损耗系统用油、韩国双龙HVI150基础油、CC40柴油机油、国产GL-5重负荷车辆齿轮油中做性能对比试验.试验结果表明:加入该添加剂后,润滑油的承载能力和摩擦学性能得到了较大的改善,对金属无腐蚀性.尤其在国产GL-5重负荷车辆齿轮油中加入少量的M可显著改善其高载荷下的极压抗磨性,其性能可达到国外同类产品水平.     

测定润滑油有机钼添加剂中的钼含量

一、前言润滑油有机钼添加剂是一种油溶性的有机金属化合物,是润滑油的极压抗磨剂和摩擦改进剂,目前正受到国内外的普遍重视。上述添加剂中钼的测定方法虽已有报道但尚未见用化学法测定的有关文章。由于该样品中金属元素只有钼,且磷、硫含量较高,故在许多钼的分析方法中,选用了EDTA 容量法。该法是在比较简单的设备条件下测定有机钼添加剂中铝的含量,其相对标准偏差为0.19～0.93%,测的得结果与ICP-AES 法测得的结果相符。     

国六低黏度节能型柴油机油研究与应用

节能、环保、延长换油期是推动柴油机油更新换代的三大驱动力。特别是GB/T 30510-2018《重型商用车辆燃料消耗量限值》法规的颁布,对重负荷柴油发动机节能提出了更高要求,燃油经济性的改善逐渐成为重型柴油机制造商关注的焦点。为此,玉柴启动了新一代国六低黏度节能型柴油机油开发工作,并进行了相关的台架燃油经济性测试,结果表明:使用新型专用摩擦改进剂、降低高温高剪切黏度可以有效提升燃油经济性,5W-30的柴油机油相比15W-40具有更好的燃油经济性,能够提升1%～1.5%的燃油经济性。     

低黏度柴油机油燃油经济性的评价

随着节能法规的强制执行,商用柴油车越来越关注柴油机油的燃油经济性。使用低黏度的柴油机油是提高柴油发动机燃油经济性的有效方法之一。对柴油机油的理化性能,模拟试验结果与柴油机台架试验(WHTC循环及C-WTVC循环)的相关性进行了探讨。黏度(100℃运动黏度)较低的柴油机油较黏度较高的柴油机油有更好的燃油经济性(FA-4 5W-30柴油机油较E4/E7 10W-40柴油机油可以获得1.1%以上的燃油经济性),降低高温(80℃,100℃)高剪切(10~6s~(-1))黏度有利于提升台架试验燃油经济性结果。添加二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(MoDTC)摩擦改进剂可以在一定程度上提升柴油机油的燃油经济性。柴油机油的SRV(90℃,25 Hz,200 N,60 min,1 mm)摩擦因数越小,在C-WTVC循环台架试验(绝对油耗试验和比油耗试验)中的燃油经济性越好,两者具有良好的相关性。通过理化性能,模拟试验和台架试验的相关性分析,可以为研制低黏度的节能柴油机油提供思路和评价方法。(图6表5参考文献5)     

齿轮油用极压剂、抗磨剂、摩擦改进刘复合效应的研究

极压剂、抗磨剂和摩擦改进剂是用于齿轮油的主要添加剂。齿轮油中极压剂普遍选用硫化异丁烯；齿轮油中所用抗磨剂种类比较多，一般为（亚）磷酸酯及其胺盐、硫代磷酸酯及其胺盐、硫磷酸复酯胺盐；齿轮油中所用摩擦改进剂一般为脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸胺盐、长链亚磷酸酯。通过对齿轮油用极压剂、抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂的使用性能考察，推荐了几种性能较好的极压剂、抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂，并对其复合效应进行了初步研究。     

齿轮油用极压剂,抗磨剂,摩擦改进剂复合效应的研究

极压剂、抗磨剂和摩擦改进剂是用于齿轮油的主要添加剂。齿轮油中极压剂普通选用硫化异丁烯；齿轮油中所用抗磨剂种类比较多，一般为（亚）磷酸酯及其胺盐、硫代磷酸酯及其胺盐、硫磷酸复酯胺盐；齿轮油中所用摩擦改进剂一般为脂肪酸脂、脂肪酸胺盐、长链亚磷酸酯。通过对齿轮油用极压剂、抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂的使用性能考察，推荐了几种性能较好的极压剂、抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂，并对其复合效应进行了初步研究。     

油溶性有机钼的摩擦学特性研究

本文在四球摩擦试验机上系统地考察了两种常用油溶性有机钼添加剂的摩擦磨损性能.证实了油溶性有机钼具有优良的减摩、抗磨损和一定的极压性能,是一类具有综合摩擦学特性的多效润滑油添加剂.同时还对二烷基二硫代磷酸钼的有效减摩作用范围、试验条件和添加剂浓度对摩擦磨损性能的影响等问题做了较深入的研究,提出了一些有益的建议.     

有机钼化合物的合成及其性能

介绍了Mo—S化合物和非活性有机钼的合成方法和性能，有机钼化合物具有良好的极压抗磨性能，可广泛应用于内燃机油和齿轮油，以减少摩擦、磨损，提高车辆的燃油经济性。     

CH-4 10W/40柴油机油的实车使用试验

选用重负荷依维柯、尼古拉斯、沃尔沃、奔驰、新款解放车,对自主开发的CH-4 10W／40柴油机油进行行车使用试验,重点考察油品的衰变程度对烟炱分散性能、酸中和性能和抗磨性能的影响,同时与相应级别的国外品牌参比油进行对比试验,为国产高档柴油机油的应用推广提供技术依据。     

润滑油添加剂(Ⅷ)

随着各种机械设备和车辆操作条件的不断提高,对润滑油提出更加苛刻的要求。因此改善润滑油的摩擦和磨损性能成为重要的课题之一。提高润滑油的抗摩擦、极压和抗磨性能是一个综合性问题,靠一种添加剂是无法解决的,往往需要油性剂、摩擦改进剂、极压剂和抗磨剂的复合才能解决。本文仅就油性剂和摩擦改进剂方面的问题加以论述。     

A Fuel Economy Study in Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Lubricants

Internal combustion engines′ fuel economy is an important role for engine designers,engine manufacturers over the past 30 years,especially passenger car motor oils.In heavy duty diesel engine,over the past 20 years,fuel economy has in some cases been sacrificed for exhaust gas emission optimizations.Now,Heavy Duty Automotive and the related industries have strong interest in fuel economy and the lubricants.It is driven by competitive market forces as well as government mandates and new emission regulations.Japan was the first country in the world to establish and implement heavy duty trucks and buses fuel economy standards.Other countries also have followed either by establishing direct fuel economy standards or greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions standards which are directly tied to fuel economy.This paper is discussing that heavy duty diesel engine lubricants can contribute on fuel economy.The contribution of various aspects of engine oil formulations on fuel economy will be discussed such as lubricant viscosity grade,lubricant additives and friction modifiers.In this paper,the evaluation discussions are based on fuel economy measurements in some bench tests,standardized laboratory engine tests and field tests.     

无硫磷型有机减摩剂的研究与应用进展

环保法规的限制推动了发动机油及添加剂的低硫磷化发展趋势,而对发动机油燃油经济性的更高要求促使减摩节能剂在润滑油中的应用日益广泛。减摩剂也在不断朝着低硫磷化的方向发展。文章详细介绍了几类主要的无硫磷型有机减摩剂的化学结构、主要合成路线、作用机理、优缺点及其在发动机油中的应用状况,对无硫磷型有机减摩剂的发展趋势做了简要分析。     

烟炱对有机钼减摩剂摩擦学性能的影响

在SRV-IV摩擦磨损试验机上,采用球-盘点接触方式,考察了烟炱含量对有机钼减摩剂M2摩擦学性能的影响,同时考察了温度和载荷对M2在含烟炱柴油机油中减摩效果的影响,借助扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪(SEM/EDS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)探讨了烟炱对有机钼减摩剂M2摩擦学性能影响的机理。结果表明,M2在高烟炱含量的柴油机油中可以起到一定抗磨作用,M2在含烟炱柴油机油中的减摩性能随烟炱含量的上升而下降,温度或载荷的升高能使M2在含烟炱柴油机油中失去减摩效果。分析认为,烟炱参与了M2磨痕表面反应膜的形成,生成了含Mo—C类物质,随着该类物质含量的增多,M2在含烟炱油样中的减摩效果越来越弱,直至失效。     

Influence of Polyalkylmethacrylate VII on Boundary Film Formation,Friction,Wear and Efficiency of Lubricants

1 Influence of PAMAon Boundary Fil mFormation and Friction1.1 Experi mental methodsUltra-thin optical interferometry has been used tostudy thinlubricating fil ms for more than a decade and theexperi mental details of this technique have been reportedpreviously[1].The principle of the test setup is shown inFigure1.A polished steel ball is loaded and rolled againstthe flat surface of a glass disc that is coated with a thinsemi-reflecting chromiumlayer and a silica spacer of about500nmthickne…     

Influence of Polyalkylmethacrylate VIIs on Boundary Film Formation,Friction,Wear and Efficiency of Lubricants

Polyalkylmethacrylates (PAMAs) are well-known as viscosity index improvers and dispersant boosters. This paper shows that PAMAs are able to adsorb from oil solution on to metal surfaces, to produce thick, viscous boundary films.These films enhance lubricant film formation in slow speed and high temperature conditions and thus produce a significant reduction of friction. A systematic study of this phenomenon has made use of the highly flexible nature of PAMA chemistry. A range of dispersant and non-dispersant polymethacrylates has been synthesized. The influence of different functionalities, molecular weights and architectures on both boundary film formation and friction has been explored using optical interferometry and friction-speed charting. From the results, guidelines have been developed for designing PAMAs having optimal boundary lubricating properties.Through their ability to form boundary films PAMAs can significantly contribute to reduce wear in engine, gear and hydraulic lubrication. As a consequence of their viscometric and tribological performance PAMAs can furthermore improve fuel and energy efficiency in different, namely engine and hydraulic applications.Extensive work is currently conducted in the lubricant industry to develop engine oils with lower sulfur, phosphorus and metal content (low SAPS) and to optimize their frictional properties through the use of friction modifiers or synthetic base stocks. We have investigated the contribution of PAMA viscosity index improvers and boosters to improve fuel economy and to reduce wear levels. This paper reports our efforts to develop a new range of PAMAs that have been optimized in terms of composition, architecture, molecular weight and functionality and which can be used in low viscosity, low SAPS formulations to help meet the stringent requirements of modern engine oils.     

发动机油非磷抗氧、抗磨、减摩添加剂协同研究

降低发动机油的磷含量，提高燃料经济性，延长使用寿命，已是润滑油升级换代大势所趋。为了降低磷的含量，必须减少二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZnDDP）的使用，而二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZnDDC）是ZnDDP最理想的替代物。为了提高油品的燃料经济性，需要加入有机钼摩擦改进剂，其中，不含硫磷的钼酸酯添加剂，因其良好的减摩保持性，其应用更为突出。为了满足更苛刻的油品高温性能要求，还必须加入烷基化二苯胺类抗氧剂（ADPA）。因此有必要对非活性钼、ZnDDC和ADPA之间相互作用进行考察。研究表明，在非活性有机钼、ZnDDC、ADPA的三元添加剂体系中，存在着三种相互配合的协同作用：ZnDDC与非活性有机钼的抗磨协同。非活性有机钼与ADPA的抗氧化协同，以及ZnDDC与ADPA的抗氧化协同。利用非活性有机钼、ZnDDC、ADPA的三元非磷协同复合体系（OD0401），可以大幅度提高油品的抗氧化性能、减摩性能和抗磨性能，这对发展低磷含量的GF-4和GF-5发动机润滑油具有十分积极的意义。利用该协同复合添加剂OD0401，还可以有效地提高低档发动机油的抗氧化和抗磨性能。     

润滑油燃料经济性要求及其对发动机油发展影响

总结了评价润滑油燃料经济性发动机程序试验的发展历程，并介绍了下一代发动机油规格ILSAC GF-5开发新燃料经济性发动机程序试验的最新进展。燃料经济性要求的提高，使得目前发动机油的发展呈现出低粘度化的应用趋势；同时必须添加性能优异的摩擦改进剂以获得良好的燃料经济性。     

A Multifunctional Borate Ester/Amide for Engine Oils

Global economic and pollution concerns are having a major impact on how modern engine oils are being formulated. Modern engine oil specifications mandate reduced levels of phosphorus and sulfur to protect the efficacy of pollution control devices. In addition, modern engine oil must also be more fuel efficient than earlier generations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of high priced gasoline and diesel fuel to the consumer. At the same time, oxidation, wear, and corrosion performance of the oil must not be compromised. Multifunctional additives are useful formulation tools that help formulators meet these tough new challenges. One such additive is the organo-borate ester/amide. Originally conceived as an organic friction modifier, this patented technology is really a multifunctional additive that addresses the global economic and pollution concerns. With the addition of boron, this unique commercial organic friction modifier also imparts antioxidancy, antiwear and anticorrosion properties to engine oil. In addition, the organo-borate ester/amide is compatible with pollution control devices because it does not contain sulfur or phosphorus. Work is on going to uncover additional beneficial properties of this chemistry.     

汽油机油摩擦改进剂减摩性能研究

采用SRV■ 4型摩擦磨损试验机研究汽油机油不同类型摩擦改进剂的减摩效果以及同一种摩擦改进剂不同剂量的减摩效果。试验结果表明:在汽油机油常用的几类减摩剂中氨基甲酸钼的减摩效果最好,并且当加剂量高达0.5%时,其减摩效果较好。     

重负荷柴油机油烟炱分散性能研究

现代高档重负荷柴油机对润滑油的烟炱分散性能要求很高,研究表明,分散剂类型、分散型粘度指数改进剂、高温清净剂及抗氧抗磨剂等发动机油常用添加剂对油品的烟炱分散性能都有很大影响。通过对各添加剂的优化,很好地解决了油品的烟炱分散性能,顺利通过了MackT-8E烟炱分散发动机试验。