棕榈油中间分提物PMF在软冰淇淋中的应用

将作为棕榈油分提副产物的棕榈油中间分提物(PMF)应用于软冰淇淋生产,通过对比分析棕榈油分提副产物中6种不同熔点(30~40)℃的PMF与4种代表性市售软冰淇淋预拌粉中油脂的理化性质、脂肪酸组成及固体脂肪含量(SFC)发现,熔点为37.2℃的PMF(PMF-3)在(0~10)℃和(26.7~33.3)℃SFC值变化比较缓慢,而在(10~26.7)℃SFC迅速下降,最适宜应用于软冰淇淋的生产,且其所含饱和脂肪酸与不饱脂肪酸比例接近1:1,主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸和油酸,这种脂肪酸组成使PMF-3较其他食用油具有更好的热稳定性。因此,研究选择PMF-3作为生产软冰淇淋用的油脂。通过L_9(3~4)正交试验,对原料中PMF-3、脱脂乳粉、糖及麦芽糊精含量配比进行优化,结合感官评价分析,发现PMF-3的添加量为8%,脱脂乳粉的添加量为8%,麦芽糊精的添加量为1%,白砂糖的添加量为12%时生产的软冰淇淋硬度最适中,口感最佳。     

巧克力涂层基料油的理化性质及其相容性研究

选用棕榈油中间分提物(PMF)、全氢化棕榈仁液油(HPKOL)、可可脂(CB)作为巧克力涂层的基料油,对其理化性质及其相容性进行分析。结果表明,当两相体系PMF-HPKOL中PMF含量在30%以下时,共晶现象较弱。PMF和HPKOL混合可以作为涂层油脂配方,用于开发无反式脂肪酸巧克力涂层。添加可可脂会导致三相体系(PMF-HPKOL-CB)严重的共晶现象,因此在代可可脂涂层配方中不宜再添加可可脂。     

巧克力涂层基料油理化性质和相容性的研究北大核心CSCD

选用棕榈油中间分提物(PMF)和氢化棕榈油(HPO)作为巧克力涂层的基料油,对两种油脂的理化性质进行了分析。同时,通过等温曲线和实测固体脂肪含量与理论固体脂肪含量的偏差曲线分析PMF和HPO的相容性。实验结果表明:PMF和HPO在脂肪酸和甘三酯的组成上相似,PMF和HPO具有良好的相容性,PMF和HPO按照比例3∶7(质量比)混合可以作为巧克力涂层基料油配方。     

巧克力涂层基料油理化性质和相容性的研究

选用棕榈油中间分提物(PMF)和氢化棕榈油(HPO)作为巧克力涂层的基料油,对两种油脂的理化性质进行了分析。同时,通过等温曲线和实测固体脂肪含量与理论固体脂肪含量的偏差曲线分析PMF和HPO的相容性。实验结果表明:PMF和HPO在脂肪酸和甘三酯的组成上相似,PMF和HPO具有良好的相容性,PMF和HPO按照比例3∶7(质量比)混合可以作为巧克力涂层基料油配方。     

两种棕榈油中间分提物油基冰淇淋配方的对比研究

对单一26℃棕榈油中间分提物油脂和由26℃棕榈油中间分提物油脂、棕榈仁硬脂和乳脂3种油脂的复配油脂两种油脂配方制作出冰淇淋的品质进行对比。结果表明,采用复配油脂制作出的冰淇淋不仅保持了冰淇淋质量,而且比起单一油脂制作的冰淇淋,风味更好,口感更佳。     

葵花籽油体富集物添加量对低脂冰淇淋浆料及产品品质的影响

为了探究葵花籽油体富集物在冰淇淋中应用的可行性,以葵花籽油体富集物作为脂肪来源制备低脂冰淇淋,在无均质条件下研究葵花籽油体富集物添加量对低脂冰淇淋浆料和产品品质的影响。结果表明：冰淇淋浆料的黏度、储能模量和损耗模量都随葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加而增大,当葵花籽油体富集物添加量为3.5%～4.0%时黏度与对照组相当;浆料中不易流动水和结合水的比例随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加逐渐增大,在4.0%时达到最大;冰淇淋的膨胀率和抗融率随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加先增大后减小;添加葵花籽油体富集物的冰淇淋色泽较差;冰淇淋的硬度和咀嚼性变化规律一致,都是随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,弹性变化则相反;冰淇淋黏附性随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加而升高;葵花籽油体富集物添加量为2.5%时冰淇淋感官评分最高。合适的葵花籽油体富集物添加量可以起到与棕榈油相似的效果,因此葵花籽油体富集物可以应用在冰淇淋中。     

黑木耳冰淇淋生产工艺优化及其品质评价

主要研究黑木耳冰淇淋的生产工艺及品质评价,探讨黑木耳浆、全脂奶粉、CMC-Na、明胶添加量对冰淇淋品质的影响,采用单因素试验和正交试验筛选产品最佳工艺配方。结果表明:当黑木耳浆添加量为7%、全脂奶粉添加量为7%、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)添加量为0.2%、明胶添加量为0.4%时,制得的黑木耳冰淇淋口感润滑细腻,风味独特,组织状态良好。     

水牛奶奶油冰淇淋的研制

以水牛奶奶油为主要基料,加入奶粉、白砂糖、复配增稠剂等,以感官评分为参考,研究开发一款特色水牛奶冰淇淋。通过单因素试验研究奶粉、水牛奶奶油、蛋黄粉、白砂糖、复配增稠剂、浓缩蛋白粉添加量对产品感官质量的影响,在单因素的基础上,结合二次通用旋转组合设计优化确定水牛奶冰淇淋的最佳配方,并研究其产品质量。结果表明,水牛奶冰淇淋最佳工艺配方为奶粉19.1%、水牛奶奶油47.7%、蛋黄粉1.2%、白砂糖1.7%、复配增稠剂28.6%、浓缩蛋白粉1.7%。在此配方下加工的产品口感细腻、奶香味浓郁,感官评分可达83.7分,理化指标符合相关标准要求。     

响应面法对酸奶冰淇淋配方的优化

通过中心组合设计和响应面分析法,对酸奶冰淇淋的配方进行优化研究。确定最佳配方是:酸奶添加量51%、奶油添加量10.8%、蔗糖添加量15.6%、复合稳定剂添加量0.71%,此时产品的感官评分值为89.2。     

添加大米粉的冰淇淋的研制

对添加大米粉的冰淇淋的加工工艺及配方进行了研究,通过单因素及正交实验确定了较佳工艺条件及配方,实验结果表明,酶解大米粉的较佳工艺条件为:大米粉与水的比例1:5、酶的添加量0.3%、转化温度80℃、转化时间50min;大米粉在冰淇淋中适宜的添加量为5%.     

葵花籽油基油凝胶在面包及冰淇淋产品中的应用研究

以葵花籽油为基料油,食品级植物蜡(米糠蜡、蜂蜡、棕榈蜡)作为凝胶剂构建油凝胶,分别以黄油、起酥油、葵花籽油作对照烘焙面包,以黄油、淡奶油作对照制备冰淇淋,对比分析不同油脂制作的面包和冰淇淋的感官及物性。结果表明:与对照组面包相比,油凝胶面包在各项指标上均无太大劣势,同时,油凝胶面包烘焙损失率比用传统黄油和起酥油烘焙面包小,且饱和脂肪酸含量降低;在抗融化性能方面,蜂蜡油凝胶冰淇淋和棕榈蜡油凝胶冰淇淋的抗融化性能好于黄油冰淇淋,但油凝胶冰淇淋膨胀率较低,不利于冰淇淋形成疏松绵软结构,且有少许蜡感,还需进一步改进。     

Effect of Solid Fat Content on Structure in Ice Creams Containing Palm Kernel Oil and High-Oleic Sunflower Oil

ABSTRACT: The development of a structural fat network in ice cream as influenced by the solid:liquid fat ratio at the time of freezing/whipping was investigated. The solid fat content was varied with blends of a hard fraction of palm kernel oil (PKO) and high-oleic sunflower oil ranging from 40% to 100% PKO. Fat globule size and adsorbed protein levels in mix and overrun, fat destabilization, meltdown resistance, and air bubble size in ice cream were measured. It was found that blends comprising 60% to 80% solid fat produced the highest rates of fat destabilization that could be described as partial coalescence (as opposed to coalescence), lowest rates of meltdown, and smallest air bubble sizes. Lower levels of solid fat produced fat destabilization that was better characterized as coalescence, leading to loss of structural integrity, whereas higher levels of solid fat led to lower levels of fat network formation and thus also to reduced structural integrity. Practical Application: Blends of highly saturated palm kernel oil and monounsaturated high-oleic sunflower oil were used to modify the solid:liquid ratio of fat blends used for ice cream manufacture. Blends that contained 60% to 80% solid fat at freezing/whipping temperatures produced optimal structures leading to low rates of meltdown. This provides a useful reference for manufacturers to help in the selection of appropriate fat blends for nondairy-fat ice cream.     

玉米膳食纤维在冰淇淋中应用的研究

本研究采用高压蒸煮法和挤压法对玉米膳食纤维进行处理，并对不同处理方法的玉米膳食纤维在冰淇淋中的应用特性进行了研究，通过正交试验分析，确定了适于加入冰淇淋中的玉米膳食纤维种类及其在冰淇淋中的最佳用量。试验结果表明：冰淇淋中添加6％的经挤压处理的玉米膳食纤维效果理想，且不增加冰淇淋稳定剂的用量。此时冰淇淋口感滑润细腻，膨胀率为98％，抗融性最好。     

水溶性膳食纤维在冰淇淋中的应用研究

水溶性膳食纤维能明显提高冰淇淋的膨胀率和老化后物料的粘度，影响其抗融时间。通过研究，水溶性膳食纤维在冰淇淋中的添加量以0.5%为宜，同时对冰淇淋的基本配方进行了适当调整，避免了因添加水溶性膳食纤维而导致冰淇淋产品外观、口感和风味上的不足。     

Properties of frozen dairy desserts processed by microfluidization of their mixes

Sensory properties and rate of meltdown of nonfat (0% fat) and low-fat (2% fat) vanilla ice creams processed either by conventional valve homogenization or microfluidization of their mixes were compared with each other and to ice cream (10% fat) processed by conventional valve homogenization. Mixes for frozen dairy desserts containing 0, 2, and 10% fat were manufactured. Some of the nonfat and low-fat ice cream mixes were processed by microfluidization at 50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa, and the remaining nonfat and low-fat ice cream mixes and all of the ice cream mix were processed by conventional valve homogenization at 13.8 MPa, first stage, and 3.4 MPa, second stage. The finished frozen and hardened products were evaluated at d 1 and 45 for meltdown rate and for flavor and body and texture by preference testing. Nonfat and low-fat ice creams that usually had a slower meltdown were produced when processing their mixes by microfluidization instead of by conventional valve homogenization. Sensory scores for the ice cream were significantly higher than sensory scores for the nonfat and low-fat ice creams, but the sensory scores for the conventional valve homogenized controls for the nonfat ice cream and low-fat ice cream were not significantly different from the sensory scores for the nonfat ice cream and low-fat ice cream processed by microfluidization of the mixes, respectively. Microfluidization produced nonfat and low-fat ice creams that usually had a slower meltdown without affecting sensory properties.     

冰淇淋生产中的油脂

综述了油脂在冰淇淋中的作用和冰淇淋生产中常用的油脂及其代用品。详细论述了稀奶油及奶油的组成成分、规格与理化性质；扼要介绍了食用硬化油、人造奶油、起酥油、椰子油、棕榈仁油及棕榈油．以及碳水化合物类脂肪代用品和脂肪酸酯代脂品。     

油脂种类对软冰淇淋品质影响研究

对反映软冰淇淋品质的各指标进行测试,以考察棕榈油、椰子油和黄油对软冰淇淋品质的影响,结果表明,除棕榈油抗溶性不如黄油外,棕榈油和黄油对软冰淇淋品质影响接近。椰子油除了硬度与两者接近外,对软冰淇淋其他指标的影响均明显有别与棕榈油和黄油。椰子油膨化率最高,黄油抗溶性最好。     

The use of spinning disc reactor for processing ice cream base – effect of ageing in making model ice cream

Spinning disc reactor (SDR) technology was tested to produce an ice cream base, which was subsequently used to make model ice cream. The ice cream base containing butterfat, lecithin, xanthan gum, sugar, skimmed milk and double cream was passed over the SDR disc spinning at 2900 rpm, heated at 80 °C and at a flow rate 6 mL s⁻¹. The physical properties of the SDR-processed ice cream base such as particle size and viscosity measurments, and of model ice cream including overrun, meltdown rate and sensory perception were investigated. The SDR-processed ice cream base exhibits narrow particle-size distribution (average particle d ₃₂ = 1.65 μm, d ₄₃ = 2.98 μm) and the viscosity was found to be similar at zero and 18 h ageing, whilst the model ice cream requires zero-hour ageing and has a high overrun value (∼85%) and slow meltdown rate as compared with a commercial sample. The results reveal that the SDR is capable of producing a highly stable ice cream base that requires significantly less ageing than the 18 h typically associated with the traditional process of making ice cream. The SDR process provides intense mixing of ingredients which facilitates the hydration of milk proteins and stabilisers.     

Optimisation of hydrolysis conditions and fractionation of peptide cryoprotectants from gelatin hydrolysate

The inhibition of ice crystal growth in an ice cream mix by gelatin hydrolysate produced by papain action was studied. The ice crystal growth was monitored using a cold stage by thermal cycling between −14 and −12 °C at a rate of one cycle per 3 min. Optimum conditions for producing cryoprotective peptides from bovine gelatin (Type 225B40) was investigated by incubating gelatin with papain at pH 7.0 for various times (10–60 min), temperatures (37, 45, and 55 °C), and enzyme-to-gelatin (E/S) ratios (1:10 to 1:100). The hydrolysate obtained after 30 min at 37 °C and pH 7.0 (E/S ratio of 1:10) substantially inhibited ice crystal growth in an ice cream mix. The molecular weight range of ice crystal growth inhibiting peptides was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation – time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry after fractionation on Sephadex G-50 and SP-Sephadex C-25 chromatography columns. Cationic gelatin peptides with average molecular mass in the range of 700–1400 Da significantly reduced ice crystal growth in an ice cream mix by a factor of ten under identical experimental conditions.     

麦芽糊精在冰淇淋中增稠稳定作用的研究

本文对不同DE值的麦芽糊精在冰淇淋中增稠稳定作用进行了研究,采用正交试验法确定了麦芽糊精的最佳DE值及用量,同时确定了羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、明胶及单甘酯的最佳用量,即DE值10的麦芽糊精用量为7.0%,CMC-Na与明胶的混合物(质量比为1:1)用量为0.4%、单甘酯的用量为0.3%。按此工艺生产的冰淇淋,与按传统配方生产的冰淇淋相比,具有口感细腻、膨胀率理想、抗融性好等特点。