干热处理对马铃薯淀粉—离子胶混合物理化性质的影响

将马铃薯淀粉与黄原胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)等混合后进行干热处理,制得热改性马铃薯淀粉。研究干热处理对马铃薯淀粉分别与3种离子胶混合制成的混合物的物理化性质的影响。结果表明:经干热处理后,马铃薯淀粉—CMC和马铃薯淀粉—黄原胶混合物的凝胶硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性均显著增加,热稳定性显著增强。而马铃薯淀粉—海藻酸钠混合物凝胶的质构特性和热稳定性没有显著变化。红外测定结果表明,与离子胶混合,再经干热处理后后,马铃薯淀粉的红外特征峰向低波长移动,分子间的氢键增强,表明了淀粉与离子胶在干热过程中发生了相互作用。     

大豆分离蛋白辅助干热改性玉米淀粉的流变特性研究

本文采用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)、流变仪、扫描电镜(SEM)对干热处理前后的普通玉米淀粉(CS)和蜡质玉米淀粉(WCS)与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)共混物的糊化特性、流变特性以及微观结构进行了研究。实验结果表明,与SPI干热处理后,淀粉的黏度明显增加,而WCS黏度的增加相比于CS更加明显。与未经干热处理的样品相比,干热混合物的G’、G"值显著增加,tanδ值明显降低。表明干热处理后,糊化后的淀粉凝胶网络结构增强,更加偏向于类固体的性质。SEM结果显示,与SPI干热使淀粉产生了聚集,CS/SPI产生了较小的聚集,而WCS/SPI形成了更大的块状聚集体。淀粉颗粒之间的聚集表明淀粉与SPI经干热处理后发生了相互作用,并且WCS与SPI的交互作用更加明显。SPI辅助干热改性可以作为蜡质玉米淀粉改性的新方法。     

黄原胶协同干热变性对紫薯淀粉特性的影响

为开发强度高、透明度好且阻水能力优的可食性淀粉膜,本试验添加黄原胶对紫薯淀粉进行干热变性处理,研究其产物特性的变化。结果表明:黄原胶协同干热变性处理后的紫薯淀粉颗粒略微膨胀,大小不均一且发生粘连现象;糊化起始温度略有降低,峰值黏度与终值黏度均升高,热稳定性提高;淀粉糊的冻融稳定性显著提高,溶解度和膨胀度降低,且透明度有所降低;淀粉糊的流变曲线表现为逆时针环状,屈服应力明显增大,其形成的凝胶呈现固体特征,储能模量G'增加,剪切结构恢复力显著提高;淀粉属C-型晶体,干热处理前后淀粉的X-射线衍射图谱无明显变化,但干热变性处理使淀粉结晶度增大。因此,添加黄原胶对紫薯淀粉进行干热变性,可使产物的特性发生明显改变。     

木薯淀粉与黄原胶共混干热改性研究

研究了干热反应的温度、时间及共混物pH对木薯淀粉及黄原胶共混物的影响,对改性产物的交联度、淀粉糊粘度及透明度进行测定,用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对淀粉结构进行分析。结果表明,干热处理能有效抑制淀粉糊化,降低透明度,证明木薯淀粉和黄原胶发生了交联反应,且淀粉与黄原胶在碱性条件下混合有利于交联反应的进行,交联程度随反应温度和时间的增加而增加。     

食品胶协同干热处理对马铃薯淀粉理化特性的影响

为了改善马铃薯淀粉加工特性,选用瓜尔胶、羧甲基纤维素钠和黄原胶3种食品胶分别与马铃薯淀粉复配后进行干热处理,研究食品胶协同干热处理对马铃薯淀粉糊化、老化和流变特性的影响。研究发现,中3种食品胶协同干热处理均能够降低糊化温度与糊化焓,并且均能增强淀粉体系稳定性,使其呈现出弹性流体性质,不仅如此还均能提高淀粉糊热稳定性以及耐剪切能力,此外均能增强淀粉凝胶的冻融稳定性。结果表明,3种食品胶协同干热处理均能起到改善马铃薯淀粉加工特性的作用,对其改善程度对比分析发现,黄原胶协同干热处理改善马铃薯淀粉特性效果最好。     

玉米淀粉与黄原胶复配体系糊化及回生特性的研究

本文研究了玉米淀粉与黄原胶复配体系的糊化和回生特性。RVA糊化实验表明黄原胶降低了玉米淀粉的成糊温度,并随着黄原胶在复配体系中的比例逐渐增加,其复配体系的峰值黏度和终值黏度均显著增加(p<0.05),崩解值和回生值降低(p<0.05)。热稳定性实验表明加入黄原胶后的复配体系在95℃之后的高温下可以较长时间维持体系的黏度,具有良好的热稳定性。凝沉性实验表明黄原胶可以降低玉米淀粉的凝沉作用,当m(玉米淀粉)∶m(黄原胶)为9∶1时复配体系凝沉作用最小,在120h后仍无明显上清液析出。冻融稳定性实验表明黄原胶能抑制复配体系的回生,提高其冻融稳定性。     

添加黄原胶和脂肪酸后玉米淀粉理化性质的变化

为了改善玉米淀粉的加工特性,提升产品品质,研究了黄原胶和3种不同链长的脂肪酸(肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸)的组合对玉米淀粉糊化性质、流变性质、凝胶性质、热性质和凝胶微观结构的影响。快速黏度分析结果表明,添加黄原胶-棕榈酸和黄原胶-硬脂酸组合后玉米淀粉糊的峰值黏度和最终黏度分别增加了123～131 m Pa·s和64～94 m Pa·s,回生值降低了16～18 m Pa·s,而添加黄原胶-肉豆蔻酸组合的淀粉糊峰值黏度和最终黏度降低,回生值增加。静态流变结果表明,加入黄原胶和3种不同链长脂肪酸组合的玉米淀粉均表现出非牛顿剪切稀化行为(流动行为指数n1)。动态流变结果显示,加入黄原胶-棕榈酸和黄原胶-硬脂酸组合后,玉米淀粉的储能模量G′和损耗模量G″增加,表明加入这两种组合可有效的改善玉米淀粉的黏弹性,而加入黄原胶-肉豆蔻酸组合的玉米淀粉的G′和G″值降低。添加黄原胶和3种不同链长脂肪酸组合后,玉米淀粉凝胶硬度降低了65～77g,差示扫描量热仪结果显示在89～110℃出现吸热峰,表明形成了直链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物;扫描电镜观察到淀粉凝胶网络结构断裂程度增加,呈现碎片化结构,表明加入黄原胶和脂肪酸的组合后,淀粉的凝胶结构被弱化。     

羧甲基纤维素辅助微波干热对蜡质玉米淀粉理化特性的影响

以蜡质玉米淀粉(WCS)为原料,通过羧甲基纤维素(CMC)辅助对其进行微波干热改性,以便改善WCS的加工特性,扩宽其应用范围。采用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、流变仪、X衍射分析仪等对CMC辅助微波干热改性的WCS的糊化特性、冻融稳定性、热特性、流变特性等进行了研究。结果表明,经CMC辅助微波干热后,WCS糊的黏度和冻融稳定性显著升高。表观黏度随角频率增加而降低,显示了典型的非牛顿流体特征,添加CMC的WCS糊的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G″)增大,而损耗因子(tanδ)显著降低,表明样品的凝胶性明显增强。     

黄原胶对燕麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响

为改善燕麦淀粉加工品质,提升产品质量,采用快速黏度分析仪、质构仪、低场核磁、红外光谱和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了黄原胶对燕麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响。结果表明:黄原胶的添加延缓了燕麦淀粉的糊化,增强了燕麦淀粉的热加工性能,降低了燕麦淀粉的最终黏度,延缓了燕麦淀粉的老化回生;黄原胶的质量分数与凝胶硬度、胶着性呈显著负相关,随着黄原胶质量分数的增加,凝胶硬度和胶着性呈下降趋势,添加黄原胶使混合体系凝胶的水分运动性降低,表现为结合水和半结合水含量增加,自由水含量降低;凝胶化过程中,黄原胶与燕麦淀粉未发生化学反应,且黄原胶的添加增加了凝胶回生样品中的无序结构;黄原胶改善了燕麦淀粉凝胶网络结构,孔洞分布均匀而且孔隙率增大。     

黄原胶的干热改性及复配增稠应用

该文对黄原胶进行干热改性,提高了黄原胶的速溶性和黏度,并进行红外光谱、粒度、分子质量和X-射线衍射等结构表征,最后将改性黄原胶与预糊化淀粉和麦芽糊精复配,应用于吞咽造影。结果表明,改性黄原胶分子间发生了交联,结晶区减少,改性黄原胶的速溶性和黏度明显提高,复配增稠剂的速溶性大幅提高,吞咽造影结果证明减少了吞咽障碍引起的误吸等现象。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status