重金属铜的单抗的制备及免疫学检测方法的建立

目的:制备针对重金属铜离子的单克隆抗体,建立Cu2+的间接和直接竞争ELISA检测法,实现对Cu2+的快速定量测定。方法:利用双功能螯合剂p-SCN-Bn-NOTA将Cu2+分别与载体蛋白BSA和OVA偶联,制备免疫原和检测原;用免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠;细胞融合后,通过间接及间接竞争ELISA筛选稳定分泌抗重金属铜的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株;制备腹水型单抗并进行鉴定;建立间接竞争ELISA和直接竞争ELISA。结果:成功筛选出4株稳定分泌抗重金属铜的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,其中G8制备出腹水型单抗效价为5×105倍,抗体亚型为Ig G1型,轻链类型为κ型,特异性检测结果表明该单抗对NOTA及Mn2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Zn2+等其金属离子交叉反应率远低于2%,与Mg2+交叉反应率小于8%,表明单克隆抗体G8对重金属Cu2+具有很强的特异性,不会干扰结果的准确性;建立间接竞争ELISA的检测灵敏度为29.8 ng/m L,检测限为2.4 ng/m L,线性范围为4.5~196.7 ng/m L;直接竞争ELISA检测法的检测灵敏度为12.89 ng/m L,检测限为0.88 ng/m L,检测范围为1.72~96.58 ng/m L。结论:成功制备出抗重金属铜离子的单克隆抗体,并建立了间接竞争ELISA和直接竞争ELISA。     

异丙威单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

异丙威是我国农业生产中常见的杀虫剂,在果蔬、粮食和烟草等中都有广泛应用,然而这类农药也具有较强生物毒性。为了制备异丙威单克隆抗体,以实现对农药异丙威药物的快速检测。本文以2-异丙基苯酚等为原料,合成异丙威半抗原及人工抗原,并通过免疫小鼠、细胞融合、克隆、筛选获得单克隆抗体细胞株,经腹水诱导法及辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀法制得异丙威单克隆抗体,通过间接竞争ELISA法对抗体的特异性进行鉴定。结果表明,制备的异丙威单克隆抗体检测范围为1.88~82.80 ng/m L,抗体的IC50为11.70ng/m L,最低检测限为0.54 ng/m L,抗体与克百威、西维因、涕灭威、灭多威、2-异丙基苯酚5种异丙威结构类似物均无明显交叉反应,具有高特异性,能够满足农产品中异丙威残留检测的要求。异丙威单克隆抗体的制备为异丙威快速检测产品的开发奠定了基础。     

沙丁胺醇单克隆抗体的制备及间接ELISA方法的建立

制备抗沙丁胺醇单克隆抗体,鉴定其特异性并建立间接竞争ELISA检测方法.以合成的沙丁胺醇完全抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术进行细胞融合,筛选克隆得到稳定分泌抗沙丁胺醇抗体的单克隆杂交瘤细胞,命名为4E4和3A2.经鉴定,两个抗体亚类都为IgG,,其腹水纯化后效价分别达到2.56 ×105和1.28 ×105.以效价高且特异性较好的4E4细胞株获得的抗体建立间接竞争ELISA方法,经条件优化后得到标准曲线,检测范围为4.76～84.99ng/mL,IC50为20.12ng/mL,检测限为3.25ng/mL,与克伦特罗交叉反应率为253.62%,与其它结构类似物没有明显交叉反应.本研究制备的单克隆抗体和建立的间接ELISA方法,可用于开发同时检测沙丁胺醇和克伦特罗的试剂盒.     

大豆Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制因子单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备免疫学特性良好的大豆Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制因子(Kunitz trypsin inhibitor,KTI)单克隆抗体,以50μg/只的免疫剂量将KTI免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用间接ELISA和间接竞争ELISA鉴定多抗血清效价和敏感性,选择血清效价和敏感性较优的小鼠进行细胞融合,多次筛选得到稳定分泌KTI单克隆抗体(Monoclonal antibody,mAb)的杂交瘤细胞株,采用体内诱生腹水法制备mAb并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果表明,1号小鼠经免疫后效价最高且敏感性最好,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为157.33ng/mL,经细胞融合筛选得到4E6-E9阳性杂交瘤细胞株,所制备的抗体效价达到11 638 400,亚型为IgG1型,亲和常数为1.45×108 L/mol,IC50为28.39ng/mL,且特异性强。说明试验所制备的mAb免疫学特性良好,能够为建立灵敏、特异的KTI免疫学检测方法提供良好的抗体保障。     

双酚A单克隆抗体的制备及酶联免疫分析方法的建立

采用活泼酯法将双酚A的结构类似物双酚酸与载体蛋白偶联制备人工抗原,用制备的人工抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用聚乙二醇法进行细胞融合制备双酚A单克隆抗体,成功获得一株分泌抗双酚A单克隆抗体的细胞株3H1,经鉴定抗体属于Ig G1亚型,轻链为κ,并建立了间接竞争酶联免疫分析法。线性范围为1~50 ng/m L,最低检测限为0.43 ng/m L,半数抑制浓度为6.56 ng/m L。回收率为82.83%~101.94%,变异系数为2.94%~12.95%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,具有良好的应用前景。     

水胺硫磷半抗原分子的设计及其免疫效果

以水胺硫磷的特征部分为基础,设计合成半抗原O-甲基-O-2-水杨酸异丙酯硫代磷酰-6-氨基己酸(HICP),并通过活泼酯法将其与载体蛋白BSA、OVA分别偶联制备了免疫抗原H-ICP-BSA和包被抗原H-ICPOVA,再经过动物免疫获得多克隆抗体。采用间接竞争ELISA法建立标准曲线,测得其IC50为5.3 ng/m L,定量检测线性为1.77~10.06 ng/m L,与其他结构类似物无交叉反应。研究所获得的抗水胺硫磷多克隆抗体,可实现果蔬中水胺硫磷农药残留快速检测。     

牛奶过敏原β-乳球蛋白的单克隆抗体制备及其双抗体夹心法的建立

目的制备与鉴定牛奶主要过敏原β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)的单克隆抗体,并建立双抗体夹心检测法。方法以β-LG为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,融合免疫鼠脾细胞和小鼠骨髓瘤NS-1。半固体培养基法结合有限稀释法筛选稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。杂交瘤细胞株诱生小鼠腹水,采用蛋白A亲和层析法获得纯化抗体。利用Ig类与亚类鉴定试剂盒鉴定该单克隆抗体的Ig亚型。间接ELISA方法和Western Blot鉴定抗体效价和特异性以及与其他过敏原的交叉反应性。建立双单克隆抗体夹心法,检测β-LG。结果共获得抗β-LG细胞株6株,分别命名为1H8,4A7,4C3,1F9,1G5,3D11,效价均高于20万。经抗体亚型鉴定,6株抗体均为Ig G1型。Western Blot的结果表明6株抗体能识别β-LG。在特异性检测实验中,6株抗体与其他种类食物过敏原无交叉反应,而1G5和3D11与牛奶酪蛋白过敏原有交叉反应性。通过建立双单克隆抗体夹心ELISA法,发现牛奶β-LG蛋白的检出低限为:15.625 ng/m L,标准曲线在15.625~250 ng/m L范围内线性良好。结论获得高效价抗体6株,建立了高效、高特异性的牛奶过敏原β-LG的检测方法,为食品中牛奶过敏原的检测提供了依据。     

动物源性食品中抗司帕沙星单克隆抗体的研制与鉴定

为了制备高灵敏、高特异性的司帕沙星(SPFX)单克隆抗体,鉴定免疫学特性。采用蛋白质偶联技术DCC法制备免疫抗原SPFX-BSA和包被抗原SPFX-OVA,免疫BALB/c小鼠,用间接ELISA和阻断ELISA选出产生优质多克隆抗体的的小鼠进行细胞融合,经过多次亚克隆筛选出分泌高敏感的特异性抗SPFX单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备抗SPFX的单克隆抗体并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果表明,间接ELISA检测显示免疫的6只小鼠效价均达1.28:10~4以上,融合后筛选出四株杂交瘤细胞株4H4-C8,4H4-C4,4H4-B1和4H4-E9;其细胞上清效价分别为1:1.4×10~3,1:8.0×10~2,1:5.0×10~2,1:6.7×10~2;4H4-C8株腹水效价为1:2.6×10~6,抗SPFX的单克隆抗体对SPFX的IC_(50)为31μg/L,且具有较好的特异性。本研究成功合成SPFX人工抗原,制备出优质的单克隆抗体,为SPFX免疫学快速检测方法的建立奠定坚实的基础。     

小麦球蛋白单克隆和多克隆抗体制备及建立酶联免疫吸附法快速检测技术

目的建立小麦球蛋白的ELISA检测技术,用于蛋白质掺假以及过敏原成分的快速检测。方法从麦胚粉中提取球蛋白,抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠进行4次免疫后,通过脾脏细胞杂交瘤技术及间接ELISA筛选制备单克隆抗体,同时制备兔抗小麦球蛋白的多克隆抗体。通过棋盘滴定法,初步确定单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体的最佳工作浓度,建立双抗夹心ELISA。结果通过免疫和杂交瘤技术获得了抗小麦球蛋白的单克隆抗体,纯化后抗体的效价均达到1:107,通过免疫兔制备的多克隆抗体经纯化后效价在1:2.4×105左右,所建立的双抗体夹心ELISA方法最低检测限为10 ng/m L,与其他物种的蛋白不发生交叉反应。结论本文建立的双抗体夹心ELISA方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏度,为建立乳品中小麦成分掺假及过敏原成分快速检测提供理论依据。     

恩诺沙星快速酶联免疫吸附法检测试剂盒的研制

目的:研制恩诺沙星酶联免疫吸附法检测试剂盒。方法:采用EDC-NHS法制备ENR-M-BSA免疫原和ENR-OVA检测抗原,用ENR-M-BSA免疫BALB/C小鼠,采用甲基纤维素半固体培养基法筛选单克隆抗体并采用间接竞争ELISA对其进行分析。结果:通过公式计算ENR-M-BSA摩尔偶联比为15:1,ENR-OVA摩尔偶联比为7.2:1。筛选出1株特异性分泌株3E9,其腹水纯化后间接竞争ELISA测其效价为107,分型试剂盒测试显示此抗体属于IgG1型;检测限为1ng/mL,线性范围在1～100ng/mL之间,半量抑制浓度(IC50值)为10ng/mL,与4种结构类似物交叉反应均小于1%。结论:此株单克隆抗体可以用来建立恩诺沙星ELISA检测试剂盒。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.