铬—人体重要的保健微量元素

论述了铬的特性，三价铬对促进糖代谢，脂代谢的作用，并着重介绍了预防动经及铬对视力的影响等。同时对铬的供给量也作了介绍。     

铬复鞣时铬用量对皮革透气性能的影响

采用不同铬含量的铬鞣液对山羊蓝湿皮块试样进行了复鞣和中和实验，通过测定在复鞣和中和前后试样对空气的透气性能，研究了铬复鞣时铬用量对皮革试样透气性能的影响。结果表明,铬复鞣时，合适的铬用量可以改善皮革的透气性能；如果在复鞣时使用过多的铬，则会降低皮革的透气性能.     

铬盐功过论

对铬及其对人类的利害关系进行了详细的论述,包括铬与人体健康,铬在畜禽业中的应用,富铬农副产品的应用,铬鞣剂的不可取代性等。     

减少铬鞣过程中铬污染的方法

本文对铬鞣过程中减少铬污染的方法进行了综述。这些方法包括铬鞣工艺参数的优化、废铬液直接循环利用、废铬液回收再用、交联铬鞣法及接枝铬鞣法。其中交联铬鞣法及接枝铬鞣法具有良好的应用前景。     

皮革鞣制中高吸收铬鞣的探讨

本文以铬鞣制机理，鞣制过程，从胶原改性，鞣剂改性，稀土作用及鞣制提碱等几个方面对铬鞣高吸收过程作了深入探讨，并对其促进铬吸收原理阳一定理论解释。     

制革湿整理工段废水含铬量及来源分析

测定了典型制革企业牛皮蓝湿革、羊皮蓝湿革鞣后湿整理各工序废水的铬浓度,并分析了废水中铬的分布特点及来源。结果表明,在鞣后湿整理过程,各工序均有铬释放。铬复鞣是导致湿整理废水中铬含量较高的主要原因,而蓝湿革中铬的释放也是废水中铬的重要来源;即使对铬鞣废液进行了循环利用,湿整理工段释放的铬也会导致综合废水中的铬显著超标。基于实验结果,提出了针对这一问题的技术发展方向。     

制革湿整理工段废水含铬量及来源分析北大核心

测定了典型制革企业牛皮蓝湿革、羊皮蓝湿革鞣后湿整理各工序废水的铬浓度,并分析了废水中铬的分布特点及来源。结果表明,在鞣后湿整理过程,各工序均有铬释放。铬复鞣是导致湿整理废水中铬含量较高的主要原因,而蓝湿革中铬的释放也是废水中铬的重要来源;即使对铬鞣废液进行了循环利用,湿整理工段释放的铬也会导致综合废水中的铬显著超标。基于实验结果,提出了针对这一问题的技术发展方向。     

清洁化铬鞣——一种制革新方法

目前，全世界每年要生产18亿平方英尺的皮革，其中90％以上采用铬鞣。传统的铬鞣方法导致了惊人的材料浪费和严重的环境污染问题，目前可采用的高吸收铬鞣、铬液循环和铬回收利用方法，尽管在这些方面有所改善，但不能彻底解决铬的污染和浪费。本文提出了两种新方法，即全封闭铝铬结合鞣和两步鞣法，并进行现场试验。这两种方法通过对铬鞣制丁艺的改进，有效地提高了环境和经济效益。     

超声波对铬鞣的影响

利用自制超声波转鼓，研究了在铬鞣初期或铬鞣末期施加超声波(23．7KHz)对铬鞣过程的影响．结果表明，超声波对铬鞣的影响主要体现在超声波对铬鞣初期的促进作用，即铬鞣初期施加超声波可以促进铬鞣剂的渗透和与皮胶原的结合，使革内铬含量高，革的Ts升高．鞣制末期施加超声波对铬鞣几乎无影响。从整个铬鞣过程来看，超声波对铬鞣的影响程度不大．用阳离子色谱法分析铬溶液的电荷组分的变化情况表明，超声波(20KHz)作用于不同碱度的硫酸铬溶液后，铬液电荷组分的种类和各组分的相对含量并没有发生明显的改变。因此超声波在铬鞣过程中并未改变铬鞣剂的分子结构，也未改变铬鞣剂与裸皮的结合方式，从而对铬鞣的结果影响不大。     

铬及铬络合物与糖尿病的关系研究进展

铬是人体必需的微量元素,也是胰岛素发挥降糖作用的必需元素。三价铬是葡萄糖耐受因子(GTF)的有效活性成分,具有改善糖尿病人糖代谢的作用。有机铬吸收率高于无机铬吸收率,因此研究低毒、高生物活性的铬络合物与糖尿病的关系对糖尿病的预防和治疗有着重要的意义。本文就国内外铬及铬络合物与糖尿病关系的研究进展进行了综述。     

含铬革屑的资源化利用

含有重金属铬的含铬革屑制革废弃物,如果不能有效处理,将会造成环境污染及人类等健康损害。在环境问题日益严重和资源日趋贫乏的今天,对含铬革屑的资源化利用具有巨大的环境和经济价值。本文简述了近年来对含铬革屑的利用方法。     

铬——铝——植复合鞣剂的研制

利用铬盐行业中含铬废料铝泥和含铬废料硫酸氢钠 ,加上植物鞣料 ,制成一种制革行业使用的铬—铝—植复合鞣剂 ,这种“变废为宝”的利用不仅降低了生产成本 ,而且减少六价铬对环境产生的污染     

源于制鞋工业的固体废料处理

铬鞣革和涂饰革在世界范围内每年带来成千上万吨的废弃物。文章研究了不同成革种类在生产过程中带来的废弃物。通过酶法水解可将固体废弃物分解成两类产品：低相对分子质量（约10，000 Da）的可溶性胶原；含铬和剩余蛋白的不溶性铬饼。利用3步酶法水解固体废弃物，同时根据水解物中的含氮量来表征水解的效率。在理论条件下，水解的有效率可达73％。胶原水解物含铬量相当低（不超过100mg／kg）。     

Ferrate treatment for removing chromium from high-level radioactive tank waste

A method has been developed for removing chromium from alkaline high-level radioactive tank waste. Removing chromium from these wastes is critical in reducing the volume of waste requiring expensive immobilization and deep geologic disposition. The method developed is based on the oxidation of insoluble chromium(III) compounds to soluble chromate using ferrate. This method could be generally applicable to removing chromium from chromium-contaminated solids, when coupled with a subsequent reduction of the separated chromate back to chromium(III). The tests conducted with a simulated Hanford tank sludge indicate that the chromium removal with ferrate is more efficient at 5 M NaOH than at 3 M NaOH. Chromium removal increases with increasing Fe(VI)/Cr(II) molar ratio, but the chromium removal tends to level out for Fe(VI)/ Cr(III) greaterthan 10. Increasingtemperature leadsto better chromium removal, but higher temperatures also led to more rapid ferrate decomposition. Tests with radioactive Hanford tank waste generally confirmed the simulant results. In all cases examined, ferrate enhanced the chromium removal, with a typical removal of around 60-70% of the total chromium present in the washed sludge solids. The ferrate leachate solutions did not contain significant concentrations of transuranic elements, so these solutions could be disposed as low-activity waste.     

Highly dispersed green silicate and oxide pigments precipitated from model systems of postgalvanic waste

A procedure was worked out to obtain highly dispersed green silicate and oxide pigments precipitated from postgalvanic waste. The highly dispersed chromium(III) silicates and oxides were produced from the waste, originating from chromium plating, by reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) employing various reducing agents. All the reductions were conducted in an acidic medium. Solutions of Cr(III), obtained in reducing processes, were employed to precipitate silicate pigments (using sodium metasilicate solution and containing mainly chromium(III) silicates) and oxide pigments (using sodium hydroxide and containing chromium(III) oxides). The precipitated silicates and oxides were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis (estimating bulk density, capacities to absorb water, dibutyl phthalate, paraffin oil, particle size distribution, and morphology of particle surface). Precipitation process (its parameters) and heating of the reactive mixture exerts a significant effect on the principal physicochemical properties of the pigments. The heating significantly affects first of all color shade of the obtained silicate and oxide pigments as well as their dispersion. Coprecipitated chromium(III) and iron(III) silicates exhibit a brownish color and a reasonably uniform character. Apart from primary agglomerates (in the range of 414-717 nm), they contain small amounts of secondary agglomerates (in the range of 4154-6445 nm). Best physicochemical parameters have been demonstrated by chromium pigments which have been precipitated from chromium solutions reduced using hydrogen peroxide. Chromium(III) oxides deserve particular distinction since their structure includes primary particles, primary agglomerates but is completely free of secondary agglomerates. The pigments manifest a brightly green color and a low capacity to absorb water (100 cm3 x 100 g(-1)). Application of hydrophobicity-inducing agents in the course of precipitation has corrected physicochemical parameters of both the oxides and silicates of chromium(II). Their bulk densities have been clearly decreased (to as low as below 250 g x L(-1) in the case of chromium(III) silicate), while capacities to absorb paraffin oil have increased to as much as 750 cm3 x 100 g(-1) for chromium(II) oxide. The respective particle size distribution has shown a tendency for disappearance of large accumulations of secondary agglomerates.     

酶法水解铬废物后的残余铬泥处理

酶法水解铬鞣革废物解决了鞣制和制革工艺中（削匀、革裁剪）的废物。这些废物中含有数量可观的蛋白原料和铬。一直以来都采用垃圾掩埋法处理它们，一方面会使蛋白原料被波费，另一方面也存在铬化合物会泄漏的危害。酶法水解交联蛋白的最终产物是蛋白水解物，已经发现了它们在一些新领域中的应用价值，残余的铬泥处理就是该文要讨论的问题。由于铬泥中较高的含铬量，它可广泛用于颜料生产中。但是如果小经过前处理，是无法用于颜料生产的。而在使用酶法水解铬废物时，加入了MgO作引发剂，这又是一个需待解决的问题。本文利用三步洗提法，调节所需pH值将残余铬泥中的Mg分离出来，有效率达84％。     

制革废物中铬的测定及其综合处理利用

采用分光光度法对制革废物中的铬进行了测定。结果严重超标。制革废液和废渣经化学处理和综合利用,得到了氧化铬和红矾钠等回收产品,并基本达到国家允许排放标准。为制革厂的污染防治和废物利用,提供了一种简便有效的方法。     

The contemporary anthropogenic chromium cycle

Chromium is an essential engineering metal used in stainless and alloy steels, chemicals, and refractory products. Using material flow analysis, all major anthropogenic chromium flows are characterized for the year 2000, from mining through discard, on three spatial levels: fifty-four countries, nine world regions, and the planet. Included is the first detailed quantification of chromium in internationally traded finished products and diverse waste streams. Findings include (1) 78% of chromium flow entering final use is added as a net addition to stock on the global level; most countries are close to this figure; (2) the majority of mining occurs in Africa (2400 Gg Cr/yr) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (1090 Gg Cr/yr), while the major end-users are Asia, Europe, and North America at 1150, 1140, and 751 Gg Cr/yr, respectively; (3) waste flows of chromium are the greatest in Europe (420 Gg Cr/yr), Asia (370 Gg Cr/yr), and North America (290 Gg Cr/yr), but the composition of these waste flows varies greatly among the world regions; (4) releases of chromium by the global system, which total 2630 Gg Cr/yr, are nearly evenly divided among tailings, ferrochromium slag, downgraded scrap, and post-consumer losses; (5) many countries have a heavy foreign dependence on chromium in the all forms, as is demonstrated for the United States. The findings relating to in-use stock changes and finished product trade are relevant to industry, allowing for more accurate planning for future scrap availability. The quantification of releases due to discards and dissipation hold environmental and human health relevance, while the full life cycle international trade assessment addresses local scarcity.     

YL助鞣剂与三价铬盐配位过程及其在铬鞣中的应用研究

本文采用了阳离子交换色谱，可见光谱及沉淀法等方法研究了ＹＬ聚丙烯酸类助鞣剂与三价铬盐的配位作用和ＰＨ值、ＹＬ与铬盐的比例和蒙囿剂等因素对配位过程听影响；在此基础上进行了ＹＬ助鞣剂在铬鞣中的应用研究。     

海水淡化预处理及副产物应用的绿色化学理念

叙述一种绿色的碱絮凝海水淡化预处理技术,介绍海水淡化预处理过程中产生的新型环保材料氢氧化镁及其在环保领域的应用.例如:烟气脱硫,酸性废水的中和,处理含镍、铬、铅的工业废水.