液膜萃取法从乌桕梓油甲酯中分离亚麻酸甲酯

本试验结合了液膜萃取和银离子络合萃取亚麻酸甲酯的优点,原料为乌桕梓油甲酯,液膜为硝酸银的甲醇水溶液,反萃取剂为石油醚,考察了硝酸银浓度、甲醇含量、相间搅拌速度、级数对亚麻酸甲酯萃取收率和纯度的影响。液膜中硝酸银和甲醇浓度的增加有利于提高液膜通透性,相间搅拌速度的提高有利于加强相间传质,均有利于亚麻酸甲酯收率的提高,但甲醇浓度的增加会降低产品中亚麻酸甲酯纯度。当液膜由1.6 mol/L硝酸银,30%甲醇(体积比)和70%水(体积比)组成,相间搅拌转速300 r/min,萃取温度20℃时,一级液膜萃取的收率为31.4%,产品中亚麻酸甲酯的纯度为94.1%。相对于同等萃取条件下的普通溶剂萃取,一级液膜萃取的收率是四级普通萃取收率的10倍。     

超声提取牡蛎中氨基酸的工艺条件研究

应用超声技术并通过单因素及正交试验来研究牡蛎中的氨基酸提取过程中的工艺条件及优化。单因素实验结果表明,料剂比对氨基酸收率影响较显著,正交试验获得超声提取牡蛎中氨基酸的最佳工艺条件为物料比为2∶15、水浴温度70℃、70W的超声功率处理10min。     

耦合膜技术在甜菜制糖工艺中的应用

为解决当前的甜菜制糖工艺存在环境污染大、能耗高、产品质量低等问题，该研究将一种新型卷式膜应用于甜菜制糖中，对甜菜浸出汁预处理工艺进行优化，并探究膜工艺应用于甜菜制糖工业的可行性，开发一种新型甜菜膜法制糖工艺。结果表明：经过该新工艺处理得到的产品与传统工艺相比悬浮物更少；该工艺能够杀菌，同时可有效降低65%～69%的色值。通过纳滤浓缩可将稀汁锤度由12°BX 提升至30°BX，从而提升产品质量并降低蒸发浓缩的能耗，产品纯度得到提高。膜工艺总体收率在95%以上，相比于传统工艺91.5%的收率有很大的提升，且在品质、能耗方面均有明显的优势，可以应用于甜菜糖的生产。     

小孔径陶瓷膜澄清甜叶菊提取液的工艺研究

该文研究了小孔径陶瓷膜澄清甜叶菊提取液的效果。通过比较4、5、8、10 nm孔径的陶瓷膜过滤甜叶菊的甜菊糖提取液时的过滤通量、脱色率和收率的区别,确定较优的陶瓷膜孔径;再优化陶瓷膜操作参数。结果表明,5 nm陶瓷膜较优,在40 ℃时,操作压力5 bar,膜面流速4 m/s,浓缩10倍,加30%原液体积水洗滤效果最佳,陶瓷膜平均过滤通量可达102.6 kg/（m2·h）,甜菊糖收率可达99.2%,陶瓷膜过滤结束后先利用质量分数1%~2%的NaOH清洗1 h,再用0.5%~1%硝酸清洗1 h,陶瓷膜水通量恢复率可以达到99%以上,再生效果比较好,可以重复使用。相比絮凝工艺,陶瓷膜脱色率提高了2.6%,甜菊糖收率提高了6.8%,因此膜法工艺可取代传统絮凝工艺实现对甜叶菊提取液的澄清。     

微波辅助提取蚕沙中叶绿素的工艺研究

利用微波辅助提取法对蚕沙中叶绿素进行提取工艺的研究。在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验优选出最佳微波辅助提取工艺条件为微波萃取剂40% 乙醇溶液、微波辐射时间50s、提取时间50min、提取温度70℃。在此条件下叶绿素的提取率可达2.684mg/g,与传统有机溶剂法相比,提取率提高了3.4 倍。该方法具有收率高、污染小、能耗低等优点。     

响应面法优化肠膜明串珠菌生物合成右旋糖酐工艺条件

为提高肠膜明串珠菌CICC-21725生物合成右旋糖酐的产率,对培养工艺条件进行优化,采用高效液相色谱法对培养基中的蔗糖进行定量分析,以蔗糖转化率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,根据中心设计原理,采用响应面法确定培养工艺条件的交互作用及最优组成。结果表明,优化后的培养工艺条件为:蔗糖70 g/L、初始pH 7.0、培养温度30℃、摇床转速150 r/min。肠膜明串珠菌在优化条件下培养12 h后,蔗糖转化率为99.18%。     

响应面法优化分子蒸馏提纯神经酸工艺的研究

应用刮膜式分子蒸馏装置对神经酸的提纯工艺进行了研究,分析了蒸馏温度、进料速率、到膜器转速三个操作因素对神经酸产品纯度及质量收率的影响.采用SAS软件程序对试验数据进行了二次响应面回归分析,对分子蒸馏工艺条件进行优化,得出分子蒸馏法提取神经酸的二次回归方程.刮膜式分子蒸馏技术提纯神经酸的优化条件为:系统压力0.1 Pa,蒸馏温度114.5℃,进料温度60 ℃,进料速率12 mL/h,刮膜器转速295 r/min.可以将原料中的神经酸由最初的6.07%提纯浓缩至39.02%,含量提高到原含量的近6.5倍.     

分子蒸馏富集苏麻油中α-亚麻酸的研究

苏麻油经冷冻离心后,采用分子蒸馏技术对其中α-亚麻酸进行分离纯化,用α-亚麻酸的质量分数、重组分收率作为衡量纯化效果的指标。经单因素实验确定蒸馏温度、预热温度、刮膜转速和进料流速的操作范围,并利用响应曲面法优化设计实验,得到提纯α-亚麻酸的优化工艺条件:蒸馏温度100℃、刮膜转速235 r/min、预热温度70℃、进料流度0.9 m L/min,在此工艺条件下,α-亚麻酸质量分数提高至83.01%。然而此工艺条件下产品颜色变暗,影响品质。于是降低蒸馏温度,采用四级分子蒸馏,最终将α-亚麻酸质量分数提高到86.04%,实现苏麻油中α-亚麻酸的安全无毒分离。     

响应面法优化提高低钠光卤石制备KCl收率研究

反浮选—冷结晶工艺是光卤石制备氯化钾较为先进的技术,文章通过实验研究了分解结晶过程的搅拌桨高度、原矿粒度、母液添加量、搅拌速度等工艺参数对氯化钾收率的影响,根据单因素实验结果,通过响应面试验优化了低钠光卤石制备氯化钾的最优工艺.结果表明,提高氯化钾收率的最佳工艺条件为:原矿粒度为0.56 mm、母液添加量为38 mL、...     

提高2-氨基苯酚-4-磺酸收率的方法

2-氨基苯酚-4-磺酸是一重要的染料中间体,主要用于制造酸性媒介紫BR1活性紫K-3R、直接耐晒棕BRL、媒介黑PV等染料。该产品由邻氨基苯酚经发烟硫酸磺化、析出制得。目前生产该品种收率为89.7%,收率还有较大提升空间。通过工艺改进,优化实验条件,在保持该产品各项技术指标不变的前提下提高产品收率,改进后产品收率可达到93.9%。通过实验降低发烟硫酸的用量,提高反应物的浓度,缩小反应体积,适当地提高反应温度,使主反应更迅速完全,消除副反应的发生,以达到提高产品收率,降低消耗,减少废酸排放的目的。     

对乳酸发酵中反馈抑制消除方法的探讨

本文介绍了目前国外所研究的乳酸发酵消除产物抑制的各种新型分离方法，主要为：有机溶剂的液－液萃取法、乳状液膜萃取法、双水相萃取法、膜循环反应器法和离子交换树脂法。分析了各种方法消除产物抑制的原理，并探讨了各自所存在的优缺点及与工业化的距离。     

反萃取条件对支撑液膜法提取有机酸的影响

采用支撑液膜法分离提取混合液中的有机酸,通过反萃取工艺条件优化,探讨支撑液膜法提取有机酸的可行性。结果表明,由疏水微滤膜组件、萃取剂、有机溶剂和反萃取剂组成的支撑液膜体系可以有效实现有机酸的分离提取。最佳反萃取条件为:提取时间为360 min,反萃取相pH值为9,反萃取剂为NaHCO3,反萃取剂质量浓度为20g/L,浓缩倍数为2.0。支撑液膜可以较好实现混合液中有机酸的同步提取和浓缩。     

脂肪酶非水相转化失水山梨醇油酸酯

失水山梨醇单油酸酯（Ｓｐａｎ８０）可在非水相中用脂肪酶酶促转化合成．比较不同来源的脂肪酶和不同的非水相系统后发现：来源于假丝酵母的脂肪酶Ｎｏｖｏｚｙｍ４３５在无溶剂系统中有较高合成Ｓｐａｎ８０的能力．同时考察了水分对酯化反应的影响,并对酯化反应的条件如底物摩尔比、用酶量等进行了研究．与化学合成的产品比较,各项指标基本接近,但酶法合成的产品单酯含量较高,达８０％以上     

膜分离与大孔树脂联用技术纯化茶皂素

采用膜分离与大孔树脂联用技术纯化茶皂素。粗茶皂素经陶瓷膜和360Da纳滤膜初步分离浓缩,得率为62.1%,纯度为79%;根据静态和动态吸附筛选试验,选择大孔树脂AmberliteXAD7HP对茶皂素进一步纯化,通过单因素试验,确定最佳工艺参数为:上样流速0.5 mL/min、上样液浓度30mg/mL;以10%,40%,70%的乙醇溶液进行梯度洗脱,洗脱剂流速1mL/min,洗脱液体积为3BV,该条件下纯化,茶皂素最终得率为55.3%,纯度可达95%。该试验表明膜分离与大孔树脂联用技术可得到高纯度的茶皂素,是一种可工业化推广的方法。     

Electrodialytic phenomena and their applications in the dairy industry: a review

Electrodialysis (ED) is an electrochemical separation process by which electrically-charged species are transportedfrom one solution to another ED is a combined method of dialysis and electrolysis and can be performed with two main cell types: multi-membrane cells for dilution-concentration and water dissociation applications (membrane phenomena), and electrolysis cells for redox reactions (electrode phenomena). The dilution-concentration principle applications in the dairy industry consist mainly of the demineralization of milk or milk by-products. The use of ED with monopolar membrane for protein separation and acid caseinate production, and in bioreactors for organic acid production, is also studied in the dairy industry. The interest of ED as a membrane process has been triggered recently by the development of a new membrane type, bipolar membrane. This membrane carries out the dissociation of water molecules. ED with bipolar membranes was applied very recently to the production of lactic acid from whey product fermentation, production of caseinates, and fractionation of whey proteins. Two principle applications of electrode reactions were published: electrochemical coagulation (EC) to precipitate milk proteins, and electroreduction for the reduction of disulfide bonds in the proteins. It appears in this article that processes using membrane phenomena are more numerous and developed than electrolytic applications. This is the composition of milk and the lack of knowledge of redox reactions of the different food compounds that limit the applications and the development of electrolytic phenomena. Electrodialytic phenomena present a great potential for application in the dairy industry, and more generally, in the food industry; many of these applications have to be discovered.     

Electrodialytic Phenomena and Their Applications in the Dairy Industry: A Review

Electrodialysis (ED) is an electrochemical separation process by which electrically-charged species are transported from one solution to another. ED is a combined method of dialysis and electrolysis and can be performed with two main cell types: multi-membrane cells for dilution-concentration and water dissociation applications (membrane phenomena), and electrolysis cells for redox reactions (electrode phenomena). The dilution-concentration principle applications in the dairy industry consist mainly of the demineralization of milk or milk by-products. The use of ED with monopolar membrane for protein separation and acid caseinate production, and in bioreactors for organic acid production, is also studied in the dairy industry. The interest of ED as a membrane process has been triggered recently by the development of a new membrane type, bipolar membrane. This membrane carries out the dissociation of water molecules. ED with bipolar membranes was applied very recently to the production of lactic acid from whey product fermentation, production of caseinates, and fractionation of whey proteins. Two principle applications of electrode reactions were published: electrochemical coagulation (EC) to precipitate milk proteins, and electroreduction for the reduction of disulfide bonds in the proteins. It appears in this article that processes using membrane phenomena are more numerous and developed than electrolytic applications. This is the composition of milk and the lack of knowledge of redox reactions of the different food compounds that limit the applications and the development of electrolytic phenomena. Electrodialytic phenomena present a great potential for application in the dairy industry, and more generally, in the food industry; many of these applications have to be discovered.     

高速逆流色谱法分离纯化绿原酸研究

利用高速逆流色谱技术分离纯化金银花中的绿原酸。选择正丁醇-冰乙酸-水(4:1:5,V/V)系统来分离,分离结果经高效液相(HPLC)检测纯度达到98.1%,绿原酸的得率为95%。     

银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的提取和分离

对银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的乙醇提取工艺和膜分离纯化工艺进行研究,并优化工艺条件。结果表明:采用70%乙醇溶液在料液比1∶10、80℃条件下提取2 h,然后采用截留相对分子质量依次为30 000、10 000、5 000的陶瓷膜组成梯度膜装置,在压力0.25 MPa、温度30℃、时间120 min条件下进行分离纯化,黄酮透过率为94.22%,产品中黄酮含量为45.60%。     

Efficient production of fatty acid methyl ester from waste activated bleaching earth using diesel oil as organic solvent

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE) discarded by the crude oil refining industry was investigated using fossil fuel as a solvent in the esterification of triglycerides. Lipase from Candida cylindracea showed the highest stability in diesel oil. Using diesel oil as a solvent, 3 h was sufficient to obtain a yield of approximately 100% of FAME in the presence of 10% lipase from waste ABE. Kerosene was also a good solvent in the esterification of triglycerides embedded in the waste ABE. Fuel analysis showed that the FAME produced using diesel oil as a solvent complied with the Japanese diesel standard and the 10% residual carbon amount was lower than that of FAME produced using other solvents. Use of diesel oil as solvent in the FAME production from the waste ABE simplified the process, because there was no need to separate the organic solvent from the FAME-solvent mixture. These results demonstrate a promising reutilization method for the production of FAME, for use as a biodiesel, from industrial waste resources containing waste vegetable oils.     

不同方法提取‘凤丹’牡丹籽油品质比较

采用超临界CO_2萃取法、冷榨法和有机溶剂浸提法对‘凤丹’牡丹(Paeonia?ostii?‘Fengdan’)籽油进行提取,研究不同提取方法对牡丹籽油的出油率、理化特性、脂肪酸组成及体外抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:3种方法中以有机溶剂浸提法的出油率最高(28.61%),超临界CO_2萃取居中(28.17%),冷榨法最低(19.14%);3种提取方法对牡丹籽油的皂化值、折光指数、相对密度影响差异不大,而对牡丹籽油的酸值、过氧化值、碘值、水分及挥发物和颜色等方面影响差异较大;3种方法对牡丹籽油主要脂肪酸组成和相对含量无显著影响,对体外抗氧化能力有显著影响,以指标1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率和半最大效应浓度(EC_(50))计,体外抗氧化能力依次为有机溶剂浸提法冷榨法超临界CO_2萃取法。3种方法各有特点,相比之下冷榨法成本少,操作简单,工艺流程简单,安全性好,更适宜牡丹籽油提取。