新疆准噶尔铁线莲不同部位提取液抑菌活性初步研究

用水和70%乙醇从准噶尔铁线莲不同部位中提取其活性成分,探讨其抑菌作用。结果表明:叶水提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌5g/100mL,金黄色葡萄球菌、短小芽孢杆菌为3g/100mL、枯草杆菌为1g/100mL;叶醇提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌3g/100mL,金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌为0.5g/100mL、短小芽孢杆菌1g/100mL。茎水提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌10g/100mL,金黄色葡萄球菌7g/100mL、短小芽孢杆菌、枯草杆菌为5g/100mL。茎醇提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌7g/100mL,金黄色葡萄球菌5g/100mL,枯草杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌为3g/100mL。花水提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌5g/100mL,金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌为3g/100mL,短小芽孢杆菌1g/100mL。花醇提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、短小芽孢杆菌为1g/100mL,枯草杆菌为0.5g/100mL。果实水提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌为5g/100mL,金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌为3g/100mL;果实醇提物的MIC值分别为大肠杆菌为3g/100mL,金黄色葡萄球菌、短小芽孢杆菌、枯草...     

留兰香精油的抗菌活性研究

采用扩散法对留兰香精油的抗菌活性进行定性测定,用紫外可见分光光度法确定精油的最小抑菌浓度(MIC值)。结果表明留兰香精油对3种试验菌株的抑菌性是枯草芽孢杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌。对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球、菌大肠杆菌3种菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.5、1.0μL/mL和3.5μL/mL。     

江香薷不同极性提取物的抗菌活性研究

采用溶剂萃取法制备5种江香薷提取物,并用纸片法和肉汤稀释法比较了这5种提取物分别对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌等常见菌的体外抗菌效果,结果显示江香薷的乙酸乙酯提取物对三种检测细菌的MIC为15.60μg/mL,石油醚提取物、正丁醇提取物和醇溶物的MIC为31.25μg/mL,而水提物在实验浓度范围内抗菌作用不明显。由此可知江香薷具有抗菌活性,其中以乙酸乙酯提取物作用最显著。     

桫椤茎中牡荆素的抑菌活性

从体外试验的角度观察牡荆素的抑菌作用。以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌为供试菌种,采用滤纸片法和试管内药液2倍稀释法测定牡荆素的抑菌圈直径和最低抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitive concentration,MIC)。牡荆素对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有明显的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为100μg/mL,对金色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为25μg/mL,对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为100μg/mL。牡荆素具有良好的体外抑菌作用。     

翠云草挥发油成分分析、抗氧化及抗菌效果

目的:对翠云草挥发油进行成分分析、抗氧化及抗菌研究。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)对翠云草挥发油化学成分进行分离鉴定;采用DPPH法,FRAP法和金属离子螯合能力实验评价翠云草挥发油的体外抗氧化活性;用纸片扩散法测定翠云草挥发油的抗菌活性,包括3种革兰氏阳性菌,即金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、化脓棒状杆菌,和3种革兰氏阴性菌,即大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、变形杆菌。结果:从翠云草中分离出52个峰,鉴定出50种成分,已鉴定成分占总面积的98.58%,主要成分有植酮(21.40%)、角鲨烯(8.53%)、棕榈酸(6.71%)、二十八烷(6.03%)等。翠云草具有潜在的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除的IC₅₀值为0.76 mg/mL,铁离子还原能力的FRAP值为0.86 mmol/L,金属离子螯合作用的EC₅₀值为0.71 mg/mL。通过抗菌实验的MIC和MBC结果表明翠云草挥发油对粪肠球菌、化脓棒状杆菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌则具有较好的抗菌活性,其中对粪肠球菌的MIC值为5 μL/mL,MBC值为10 μL/mL;对化脓棒状杆菌的MIC值为10 μL/mL,MBC值为20 μL/mL。结论:本文通过GC-MS分析了翠云草挥发油成分,并首次发现其具有一定的抗氧化活性及抗菌活性。     

杜衡挥发油的水酶法提取及其抗菌活性研究

本文首先采用水酶法提取杜衡挥发油的工艺,然后研究其抗菌作用。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为酶加量3%、料液比10ml10mL/g、pH值4.5、酶解温度45℃和酶解时间2h,此条件下最佳提取率为7.9%;杜衡挥发油对大肠杆菌、酵母菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为0.0625%,对黑曲霉和蜡样芽孢杆菌的MIC为0.125%;对蜡样芽孢杆菌是高敏感,其余5种都属极敏感。杜衡挥发油对食物中的常见腐败菌有一定的抑制作用。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌HRH317菌株抗菌肽发酵条件优化及其抑菌活性研究

本文以抑菌圈直径为指标,采用单因素试验和响应面法对解淀粉芽孢杆菌HRH317菌株产抗菌肽的发酵条件进行优化,并对该抗菌肽的抑菌谱及其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)进行了研究。得到最佳发酵条件为：pH7.5,装液量为50 mL,接种量3%,培养时间13h、温度38.5℃、转速145r/min,抗菌肽含量441.56±1.24 μg/mL。在此条件下抗菌肽的抑菌圈直径达15.95 mm。针对9种指示菌的抑菌谱结果表明,抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果最好,其次是霉菌、酵母菌。其中,抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为 3.45 μg/mL,大肠杆菌、白地霉、巴氏醋酸杆菌MIC为6.9 μg/mL,禾谷镰孢菌、黄曲霉、假丝酵母MIC为 55.20 μg/mL,红酵母MIC为110.40μg/mL。     

木芙蓉(Hibiscus mutabilis)叶提取物对大肠杆菌O1和金黄色葡萄球菌91053的外抗菌效果研究

研究不同浓度木芙蓉(Hibiscus mutabilis)叶提取物对大肠杆菌(E.coliO1)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus 91053)的体外抗菌效果.利用二倍稀释法和涂布平板法,确定提取物对两种菌种的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并绘制杀菌曲线.结果为:提取物对大肠杆菌的MIC和MBC浓度均为0.25 g/mL,8、4、2、1 MIC浓度的木芙蓉叶提取物分别在第6、14、18h能完全杀灭细菌该菌;提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC浓度均为0.5g/mL,4、2、1 MIC浓度的木芙蓉叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果更佳,分别能在第6、10、14 h完全杀灭该菌.木芙蓉叶提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具明显的杀菌效果.     

粪鬼伞菌丝体提取液的抗菌活性

以深层发酵得到的粪鬼伞菌丝体为原料,分别用水和80%的乙醇溶液进行超声波浸提,对浸提液进行体外抗菌实验,然后用与总糖浓度相同的多糖溶液和水提液对比进行抗菌试验.结果表明,水提液对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC) 为3.2 mg/mL, 对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为1.6 mg/mL;对大肠杆菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为12.5 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MBC为25 mg/mL;对青霉和黑曲霉没有作用;醇提液对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为50 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、青霉和黑曲霉没有作用;总糖质量浓度相同的多糖溶液和水提液具有等效的抑菌和杀菌能力.因此,粪鬼伞多糖就是水提液中的主要抗菌活性物质.     

胡桃醌对几种常见食品腐败微生物的抑制作用

研究了胡桃醌对几种常见污染食品的腐败微生物的抑菌作用及胡桃醌的热稳定性.结果表明,胡桃醌对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、酵母菌及青霉、黑曲霉均有一定的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)约为75 μg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌约为37.5μg/mL,黑曲霉约为75μg/mL,青霉和酵母菌约为1200μg/mL.研究还表明,胡桃醌的热稳定性强,在80℃、100℃、121℃的条件下不被破坏或破坏很小;在pH4.0～7.0范围内对几种菌均有一定的抑制能力.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.