基于非共价键作用的山梨酸钾对植物蛋白荧光淬灭性能研究

利用荧光光谱研究了在不同温度下,山梨酸钾（PSS）分别与大豆分离蛋白（SPI）和小麦面筋蛋白（WG）在溶液中的相互作用特性,探讨了山梨酸钾对这两种植物蛋白的荧光猝灭机理,测定了它们之间反应的表观结合常数及结合位点数。结果表明,山梨酸钾与两种植物蛋白之间分别生成了新的复合物,属于静态荧光淬灭。其中,山梨酸钾与SPI之间的相互作用在281 K、291 K和303 K时的表观结合常数分别为1.58×104 L/mol、1.49×103 L/mol和1.11×102 L/mol,其对应的结合位点数分别为1.25、0.96和0.78,而山梨酸钾与WG之间的相互作用在281 K、291 K和303 K时的表观结合常数分别为2.90×104 L/mol、2.53×104 L/mol和5.50×104 L/mol,其对应的结合位点数分别为1.04、1.06和1.15。热力学数据分析表明山梨酸钾与SPI反应作用力主要是范德华力和氢键作用,而与WG反应作用力主要是疏水作用力和电子作用力。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽的体外功能试验

对不同级别的酪蛋白磷酸肽（Casein Phosphopeptide,以下简称CPP）促进钙吸收的体外功能性质进行了研究,测定了CPP的结合钙量、CPP阻止磷酸钙沉淀形成的效果及持钙能力.结果表明CPP对钙的结合量随温度的升高而减少,随pH值的升高而增加;CPP对阻止磷酸钙沉淀的作用随温度升高和溶液钙磷比增加而下降;随氮磷摩尔比降低,CPP阻止磷酸钙沉淀形成的最低有效浓度下降;对于不同的钙磷比,CPP的氮磷摩尔比越小,保持在溶液中的钙量越多,但每摩尔磷保持钙的摩尔数随氮磷摩尔比的降低而降低.     

一磷酸腺苷与肌动球蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

目的：采用荧光分光光度法研究了一磷酸腺苷（adenosine 5’-monophosphate,AMP）与肌动球蛋白相互作用的情况。方法：根据分子间的相互作用力与相关热力学参数间的关系,结合AMP与肌动球蛋白相互作用的焓变和熵变,讨论AMP对肌动球蛋白荧光的猝灭机理,测定AMP与肌动球蛋白的猝灭常数、结合常数和作用力类型,考察AMP对肌动球蛋白构象的影响。结果：Western blotting证明了不同浓度AMP对肌动球蛋白解离的促进作用;AMP与肌动球蛋白结合反应中ΔG＜0,ΔH＞0,ΔS＞0,两者之间结合主要通过疏水相互作用,且AMP的存在使得肌动球蛋白的构象发生变化,疏水环境极性降低;荧光光谱分析表明AMP与肌动球蛋白的结合使肌动球蛋白内源荧光发生了有规律的猝灭,298 K和313 K温度条件下AMP与肌动球蛋白的静态猝灭常数分别为8.70×102、4.07×102 L/mol,结合常数KLB分别为9.253×102 L/mol和3.142×102 L/mol。结论：AMP通过疏水相互作用力和肌动球蛋白形成复合物,从而促进肌动球蛋白的解离。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）的生理活性及其在功能食品中的应用

酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）是从牛奶酪蛋白中分离提纯的富含磷酸丝氨酸的天然多肽，可在小肠内与钙，铁等矿物质形成可溶性络合物，具有促进人体对钙，铁吸收的生理活性。本文综述了钙，铁元素的生理功能，影响吸收利用的各种因素及缺乏症。论述了CPP的研究历史，理化性质及制造方法，CPP在体外模拟小肠理想环境阻止钙，铁沉淀的效应，CPP生理效果的动物实验及CPP的毒理学评价。分析了CPP在功能食品方面的应用前景。     

钙盐对再制马苏里拉干酪质构的影响

以市售马苏里拉干酪为原料,以硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、胶着性、黏聚性5个性质为评价指标,研究了3种钙盐(乳酸钙、柠檬酸钙、氯化钙)对再制马苏里拉干酪质构的影响。结果表明:添加钙盐的不同种类和添加量对再制马苏里拉质构均有影响且影响不同;3种钙盐对再制马苏里拉干酪质构的影响顺序为柠檬酸钙氯化钙乳酸钙,其最适添加量为乳酸钙1.5%,柠檬酸钙1.0%,氯化钙2.0%。     

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)对生长期大鼠骨密度的影响

探讨4种不同酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）的不同CPP/Ca比值对生长期大鼠骨密度的影响.选用4周龄雄性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为低钙组、补钙组和CPP加钙实验组（A,B,C,D四种CPP按CPP/Ca比值为1,2,4,分别设低、中、高3个剂量组）,以灌胃方式给予补钙和CPP,12周后处死大鼠,取双侧股骨,称重,计算股骨指数;化学法测骨钙,双光能X线吸收法测骨密度.结果表明,4种CPP三个剂量组和补钙组大鼠骨密度均显著高于低钙组（P＜0.01）,其中C种CPP高剂量组的骨密度显著高于补钙组（P＜0.05）,其余各组CPP的骨密度也高于补钙组,但差异不显著.C种CPp在CPP/Ca比值为4时能显著促进大鼠钙的吸收和利用,提高股骨骨钙含量,增加骨密度,其他3种CPP增加骨密度的作用不显著.     

荧光光谱法研究咖啡酸与胰脂肪酶相互作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了咖啡酸与胰脂肪酶的相互作用,主要包括荧光猝灭特性及结合常数、结合位点数的计算,抑制酶类型及抑制活性,金属离子对相互作用的影响。结果表明:咖啡酸加入后胰脂肪酶产生了规律性的荧光猝灭,最大吸收波长出现红移现象,主要属于静态猝灭。25℃和37℃下结合常数分别为6.48×104L/mol和1.38×105L/mol,热力学参数ΔH0且ΔS0,表明结合反应是自发进行的吸热反应,相互作用主要表现为疏水作用力。咖啡酸对胰脂肪酶的抑制类型为非竞争性抑制,抑制活性IC50为(0.88±0.07)mg/m L。四种金属离子(Cu2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Fe2+)一定程度上增加结合常数和结合位点数,说明四种金属离子促进了咖啡酸与胰脂肪酶的结合。     

VD3与大豆分离蛋白相互作用的多重光谱分析与计算

利用多重光谱技术（荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱）研究VD3与大豆分离蛋白的相互作用。结果表明：VD3能对大豆分离蛋白的内源荧光进行静态猝灭。VD3与大豆分离蛋白在不同温度下相互作用的表观结合常数分别为1.245×104（293 K）、1.250×104（298 K）、3.531×104（306 K）L/mol,对应的结合位点数分别为0.973 3、0.992 4和1.094 2;结合距离r＝2.92,其结合时通过非辐射能力转移而促使蛋白质荧光猝灭。热力学数据分析结果表明：VD3与大豆分离蛋白的反应是自发的吸热过程,其相互作用的主要作用力是静电相互作用和疏水相互作用。同步荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱结果显示,VD3的添加使大豆分离蛋白构象发生改变,芳香氨基酸残基的微环境由疏水性向亲水性变化。傅里叶变换红外光谱结果表明VD3引起大豆分离蛋白的二级结构发生改变。     

表面等离子体共振技术分析卵黄抗体对酪氨酸酶与底物相互作用的影响

目的：采用表面等离子体共振技术（surface plasmon resonance,SPR）测定酪氨酸酶与特异性卵黄抗体（IgY）及其与底物L-多巴的亲和力,探讨特异性IgY对酪氨酸酶与底物亲和力的影响。方法：将裸金芯片进行自组装修饰,以3-巯基丙酸作为基底膜对酪氨酸酶进行固定,SPR实时监测特异性IgY及底物L-多巴与酪氨酸酶结合后芯片表面的响应信号变化。将数据导入CLAMP分析软件,进行拟合分析,确定动力学常数。结果：酪氨酸酶与特异性IgY的结合常数（4.50×106?L/mol）明显高于其与底物L-多巴的结合常数（4.95×103?L/mol）,且酪氨酸酶与特异性IgY结合后,其与底物L-多巴结合常数明显下降。结论：相比底物L-多巴,酪氨酸酶更易与特异性IgY结合,而且从结合动力学角度说明特异性IgY可以明显抑制酪氨酸酶与底物结合从而抑制酶活性。     

钙盐和明胶对高酰基结冷胶的凝胶特性的影响

利用质构仪质构剖面分析法（TPA）研究了不同浓度的氯化钙、乳酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙对高酰基结冷胶凝胶特性的影响；明胶添加量对高酰基结冷胶凝胶特性的影响；以及三种钙盐和明胶对高酰基结冷胶凝胶特性的影响。结果表明，三种钙盐都可以提高高酰基结冷胶的凝胶强度。添加明胶可以提高高酰基结冷胶的凝胶强度、咀嚼性、弹性和内聚性。对比三种钙盐，添加乳酸钙的高酰基结冷胶-明胶复配胶凝胶特性最好。因此，适量的钙盐和明胶可以提高高酰基结冷胶的凝胶特性，为高酰基结冷胶在食品中的应用提供理论参考。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status