淀粉种类对甘薯膨化食品品质的影响

纯甘薯制品膨化质量差，适量添加淀粉可显著提高膨化度、改善产品质构。本研究以常用的高温膨化方式，考察了马铃薯、木薯、甘薯及玉米淀粉对甘薯制品膨化度和感官质量的影响。结果表明，淀粉添加量在40％左右甘薯膨化质量最佳；不同淀粉对膨化度的影响不同，马铃薯淀粉＞木薯淀粉＞甘薯淀粉＞玉米淀粉。     

甘薯淀粉糊性质的研究

甘薯淀粉是重要的粮食、饲料和工业原料.淀粉的应用主要是应用淀粉糊,因此糊的性质至关重要.本文采用Brabender连续粘度计测定了甘薯淀粉在不同浓度、pH、食糖、盐和硬脂酸条件下对甘薯淀粉糊粘度曲线的影响;并对甘薯淀粉糊的透明度、凝沉性和冻融稳定性等进行了测试,为进一步开发甘薯淀粉的应用提供基础.     

甘薯的不同收获日期对其淀粉产量的影响

对河北省甘薯集中产区秦皇岛市卢龙县主要甘薯品种进行了 2年的生长期采样动态研究表明 ,甘薯的收获时间不同 ,其淀粉的产出率和淀粉公顷产量也不同。如在最佳的收获时间段内 ,加工甘薯制取淀粉 ,就能提高甘薯淀粉的公顷产量 ,增加农民的收入和提高甘薯的社会经济效益     

甘薯的不同收获日期对其淀粉产量的影响

对河北省甘薯集中产区秦皇岛市卢龙县主要甘薯品种进行了2年的生长期采样动态研究表明,甘薯的收获时间不同,其淀粉的产出率和淀粉公顷产量也不同。如在最佳的收获时间段内,加工甘薯制取淀粉,就能提高甘薯淀粉的公顷产量,增加农民的收入和提高甘薯的社会经济效益。     

羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠的理化特性研究

通过与甘薯淀粉相比较,研究了不同取代度羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠的理化特性,包括:粘度的测定;不同温度、不同pH及电解质(NaCl)和非电解质(蔗糖)存在下的粘度曲线及冻融稳定性;颗粒形貌和X-射线分析。结果表明:羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠比天然淀粉具有较高的粘度,电解质(NaCl)和非电解质(蔗糖)的存在,影响其水溶液的粘度,羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠几乎没有凝胶性能,颗粒形貌及晶体结构与甘薯淀粉相比均发生较大变化。     

甘薯淀粉掺假的快速检测研究

为解决粉条加工中甘薯淀粉不纯、混掺玉米淀粉造成碎粉率增加的弊端,根据玉米淀粉与甘薯淀粉组成结构的不同,两种淀粉遇碘制剂呈现不同的显色反应原理,将纯甘薯淀粉、纯玉米淀粉以及含有不同比例玉米淀粉的混合淀粉配制成一定浓度的淀粉试液,在各种淀粉试液中加入一定剂量的复合碘制剂溶液,根据其颜色变化的不同,确定甘薯淀粉中是否混掺玉米淀粉。用分光光度计测定混合淀粉试液的吸光率值,通过数据回归方程确定混合淀粉中玉米淀粉的含量。     

显微图分析超声波对甘薯淀粉形态的影响

超声波处理可提高甘薯淀粉的回生率。通过对比甘薯淀粉糊化前、糊化后、高压后、老化后等不同阶段超声作用前后显微图片,探讨超声波对甘薯淀粉形态的影响。甘薯淀粉糊化前超声处理使甘薯淀粉球在水中分布均匀,相互间吸引力减小,有利于淀粉球吸水膨胀;甘薯淀粉糊化后超声处理短时间促进淀粉球溶胀破裂,长时间作用促进淀粉成膜,使甘薯支链淀粉间聚集作用增强;甘薯淀粉高压后超声处理使淀粉球全部破裂,部分支链淀粉接枝成网状结构,淀粉的凝胶状消失,回生率降低;老化后超声处理先使凝胶状淀粉融化,长时间超声处理使回生后淀粉板结硬化,提高了甘薯回生淀粉的抗酶解能力。     

甘薯淀粉中掺有玉米淀粉的检测方法

采用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、快速黏度分析仪和X-射线衍射仪分析了甘薯淀粉中加入不同比例玉米淀粉后的性质变化。结果表明:甘薯淀粉中玉米淀粉的加入量与平均粒径、峰黏度和5.6°峰面积存在极显著相关。根据所得的回归方程可以快速测定甘薯淀粉中玉米淀粉含量。     

韧化处理对甘薯淀粉糊化特性的影响

本文采用差示扫描量热分析、快速粘度分析等现代仪器分析方法研究了不同韧化时间、韧化温度和含水量等韧化处理方法对甘薯淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明,不同韧化温度处理后,甘薯淀粉的起始糊化温度、峰值糊化温度和终止糊化温度均呈升高趋势,其中起始糊化温度升高趋势明显,由甘薯淀粉的62.47℃升高到70.37℃,糊化温度范围变窄,糊化热焓值增加;其峰值黏度呈下降趋势,55℃时为1342 cp比甘薯淀粉下降了321 cp,破损值降低、回生值升高。不同韧化时间处理后,甘薯淀粉To升高,糊化温度范围变窄,由甘薯淀粉的21.35℃减少到60 h的15.09℃,回生值上升了29.89%。不同水分含量韧化处理后,85%时糊化热焓值提高了36.20%,峰值黏度比甘薯淀粉下降了378 cp。甘薯淀粉经韧化处理后糊化温度、热焓值升高,黏度下降,回生值增加。     

甘薯淀粉糊透明度及凝沉性初探

为了解甘薯淀粉糊的性质,采用分析方法对甘薯淀粉糊的透明度和凝沉性进行探索性研究,初步考察蔗糖、氯化钠、柠檬酸和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)等对甘薯淀粉透明度和凝沉性的影响。结果表明,它们对甘薯淀粉透明度和凝沉性的影响不同,其中蔗糖、柠檬酸能提高甘薯淀粉糊的透明度,改善其凝沉性;氯化钠降低甘薯淀粉的透明度,加速其初期凝沉速度;CMC-Na对甘薯淀粉糊的透明度影响不大,但明显改善其凝沉性。     

普通玉米杂交种间原淀粉与羟丙基淀粉糊化性质关系的研究

本文采用湿法在实验室的条件下提取了17种普通玉米杂交种淀粉，并制取了羟丙基淀粉。采用快速粘度测定仪（RVA）测定了所有淀粉的糊化性质参数。结果表明：羟丙基淀粉提高了所有原淀粉的峰值和破损值；降低了所有原淀粉的谷值、终粘度、回生值、出峰时间和成糊温度；原淀粉和羟丙基淀粉的糊化性质参数在普通玉米杂交种间均达到了极显著相关水平，表明了羟丙基淀粉并没有改变原淀粉在普通玉米杂交种间的糊化性质差异性。羟丙基淀粉的糊化性质参数间的相关性显著水平发生了明显的变化，表明了不同的普通玉米杂交种的羟丙基淀粉的糊化性质参数的变化幅度是不同的。但是，羟丙基和原淀粉的相同糊化性质参数间的相关性都达到极显著的正相关水平，说明了羟丙基淀粉与原淀粉的糊化性质参数间存在密切关系，二者的糊化性质又存在着一致性。     

凉粉草胶与不同淀粉混合体系糊化和质构性质的研究

凉粉草胶(MBG)与淀粉作用可以形成凝胶。为比较不同淀粉与MBG混合体系糊化和凝胶性质的差异,选取玉米等八种常见淀粉,利用Brabender糊化仪、质构仪、对MBG与不同淀粉混合体系的糊化和质构性质进行了研究。结果发现,MBG对谷类淀粉(大米、小麦、玉米)和豆类淀粉(绿豆、豌豆)的糊化性质的影响都比较显著,对薯类淀粉(木薯、马铃薯、甘薯)的不显著,但MBG与薯类淀粉混合体系的黏度远高于MBG与豆类和谷类淀粉的;MBG与大米淀粉形成的凝胶硬度最大,与马铃薯淀粉形成的凝胶硬度次之,与豌豆淀粉形成的凝胶硬度最小。淀粉与MBG之间相互作用的强弱可以从Brabender糊化曲线上的特征点值E-D来比较。     

不同品种小麦淀粉提取及糊化粘度性质比较

采用实验室方法提取30种不同小麦籽粒淀粉;并用快速粘度分析仪(RVA)测定不同品种小麦淀粉糊化粘度性质,分析各粘度性质相关性及差异性。结果表明:普通小麦淀粉糊化粘度性质参数明显不同,粘度性质参数差异性显著,各参数间相关性极显著。     

Properties of modified starches with regard to tendencies of development in nutrition and food production

Trends of development of food processing in view of the inclusion of modified starches are presented. Because of the rapid development in this field it is taken to be necessary to elaborate, besides the already known procedures, extended methods for the determination of functional properties and to apply them for their characterization. Modified starches of different type of modification are characterized by means of selected functional properties and the connection between the various characteristics is investigated. From the complex of research work in this field some results as to the water-binding properties of thermally modified starches are presented and statistically evaluated with regard to the properties of oxidized starches.     

Rice Starch Diversity: Effects on Structural,Morphological, Thermal,and Physicochemical Properties—A Review

Abstract: Rice starch is one of the major cereal starches with novel functional properties. Significant progress has been made in recent years on the characterization of rice starches separated from different rice cultivars. Studies have revealed that the molecular structure and functional properties are affected by rice germplasm, isolation procedure, climate, agronomic conditions, and grain development. Morphological studies (microscopy and particle size analysis) have reflected significant differences among rice starch granule shapes (polyhedral, irregular) and in granule size (2 to 7 μm). Nonwaxy and long‐grain rice starches show greater variation in granular size than the waxy starches. Rice starch granules are smaller than other cereal starches with amylose contents varying from virtually amylose‐free in waxy to about 35% in nonwaxy and long‐grain rice starches. Amylose content appears to be the major factor controlling almost all physicochemical properties of rice starch due to its influence on pasting, gelatinization, retrogradation, syneresis, and other functional properties. Waxy rice starches have high swelling and solubility parameters, and larger relative crystallinity values than nonwaxy and long‐grain starches. However, nonwaxy rice starches have a higher gelatinization temperature than the waxy and long‐grain starches. The bland taste, nonallergenicity, and smooth, creamy, and spreadable characteristics of rice starch make it unique and valuable in food and pharmaceutical applications. This review provides recent information on the variation in the molecular structure and functional properties of different rice starches.     

Hydrothermal modifications of tropical tuber starches – Effect of ANN on the physicochemical,rheological and gelatinization characteristics

Cassava, sweet potato and arrowroot starches were hydrothermally modified by ANN under different conditions of temperature, moisture and time duration of treatment and the properties are compared. ANN brought about changes in swelling volume, solubility, gelatinization and rheological properties. The three starches behaved differently after the treatment. All the three tuber starches showed decrease in swelling volume after ANN treatment. The solubility decreased for cassava starch, whereas it slightly increased for majority of annealed sweet potato starches and significantly increased for arrowroot starch. For cassava starch, there was a decrease in peak viscosity, but for the other two starches, it increased after ANN. Differential scanning calorimetric studies showed that ANN resulted in a narrowing of DSC patterns for all the starches. The effect of ANN on the dynamic rheological properties was found to depend up on the source of starch. The modification resulted in increased gel hardness, gumminess, adhesiveness and decreased springiness for the starch gels. Tuber starches became less susceptible to enzyme action after ANN.     

Effect of acetylation,oxidation and annealing on physicochemical properties of bean starch

Black and Pinto bean starches were physically and chemically modified to investigate the effect of modification on digestibility and physicochemical properties of bean starch. The impact of acetylation, oxidation (ozonation) and annealing on the chemical composition, syneresis, swelling volume, pasting, thermal properties and digestibility of starches was evaluated. The physicochemical and estimated glycemic index (eGI) of the Black and Pinto bean starches treated with ozone were not significantly (P > 0.05) different than that of their respective control starches. Annealed starches had improved thermal and pasting properties compared to native starches. Acetylated starches presented reduced syneresis, good pasting properties and lower eGI. Also, all modified starches had increased levels of resistant starch (RS). Therefore, the digestibility and physicochemical properties of bean starch were affected by the type of modification but there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the Black and Pinto bean starches.     

不同品种苦荞麦淀粉的主要理化性质

研究了不同种类苦荞淀粉的性质。采用扫描电镜(SEM)拍摄了苦荞淀粉颗粒的形态;用X-射线衍射仪测定了X衍射图样及结晶结构;用快速黏度分析仪(RVA3)对各个淀粉黏度进行了测定;并与玉米淀粉进行了比较。同时测定了淀粉糊的透明度、凝沉曲线等性质。     

小麦原淀粉和预凝胶淀粉的糊化特性比较

选取11种河南省种植小麦和4种国外小麦,对这15种小麦淀粉进行预凝胶处理,以不同温度下,淀粉的溶解度、溶胀力和酶解率作为淀粉糊化特性评价指标进行对比研究,结果表明预凝胶化处理的淀粉具有更高的溶解度、溶胀力和酶解率,这三个指标中同一小麦品种两种淀粉的酶解率差异较小.     

不同来源的淀粉制备淀粉磷酸单酯的性能及应用

本文比较了马铃薯淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉及经磷酸化后产品的物理性能，着重研究了其粘度及糖、盐对其粘度的影响并比较了磷酸化对糊的透明度、冻融稳定性及其对发泡体系的影响，结果表明不同淀粉制得的淀粉磷酸单酯的性能有很大差别。在蛋糕中的应用试验表明，在蛋糕中添加淀粉磷酸单酯可以增加比容并延长其货架寿命。