黄灯笼辣椒中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的性质研究

分别以邻苯二酚、愈创木酚为底物,采用分光光度计测定氧化产物的方法对黄灯笼辣椒中多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)进行研究。试验结果表明:PPO的最适pH值为6.6,最适温度为30℃,75℃水浴处理5min后基本失活,100℃沸水浴处理30s可钝化PPO活性;POD的最适pH值为5.5,最适温度为35℃,在70℃水浴处理5min后基本失活,在沸水浴25s后酶基本被钝化;食盐、VC、EDTA-2Na对两种酶均有抑制作用。     

香蕉酶促褐变的研究

本文以邻苯二酚为底物采用分光光度计测定氧化产物的方法对香蕉果肉多酚氧化酶(PPO)的催化特性、最适温度、最适pH值、热稳定性等性质进行了研究。结果表明，香蕉PPO的最适温度为25℃，最适pH为5．0，75℃水浴处理5min酶基本完全失活，100℃水浴处理20s可钝化PPO的活性，并且香蕉PPO具有同功酶。     

香蕉皮多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶特性的研究

分别以邻苯二酚、愈创木酚为底物,采用分光光度计测定氧化产物的方法对香蕉皮多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的性质进行研究。结果表明,PPO最适温度为30℃、最适pH5.5、Km=22.42mmol/L、Vmax=0.027OD420/min,75℃水浴处理5min基本完全失活,100℃水浴处理20s可钝化PPO活性,并且香蕉皮PPO有同工酶;香蕉皮过氧化物酶(POD)的最适pH6.0、最适温度30℃,其在80℃下处理5min后基本失活,在沸水浴25s后酶被钝化。     

香蕉多酚氧化酶褐变性质的研究

以邻苯二酚为废物通过采用分光光度计测定氧化产物的方法,对香蕉果肉中多酚氧化酶(PPO)的催化特性、最适温度、最适pH值、热稳定性等性质进行了研究。结果表明,香蕉PPO的最适温度为 25℃,最适 pH为 5.0,75℃水浴处理 5 min酶基本完全失活,100℃水浴处理20s可钝化PPO的活性,且香蕉PPO存在同功酶。实验中同时考察了柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、NaHSO_3和半胱氨酸对PPO的褐变抑制效果。     

苹果中多酚氧化酶的性质

以冷冻丙酮制备苹果多酚氧化酮粉,用分光光度法研究pH、温度、抑制剂对酶活性的影响。结果表明：以邻苯二酚为底物,PPO的最适pH为6．6,最适温度为28℃;酶热失活遵循一级动力学,80℃半衰期为1．1min亚硫酸钠,半胱氨酸,抗坏血酸为强烈抑制剂。     

曙光油桃和丹墨油桃中多酚氧化酶性质及抑制研究

采用分光光度法研究了曙光油桃和丹墨油桃中多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性。结果表明:以邻苯二酚为底物时它们的最适温度分别为20℃和25℃,最适pH6.0和pH7.0。在80℃条件下,保持5min,两种油桃的多酚氧化酶失活比较严重。四种物质对该酶均表现出抑制作用,抑制效果由强到弱依次是抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、NaCl溶液、EDTA溶液。     

赵州雪花梨多酚氧化酶酶学特性研究

研究赵州雪花梨多酚氧化酶的酶学特性.结果表明:以邻苯二酚为底物,雪花梨中多酚氧化酶的最适pH值为7.0, 最适温度为25 ℃;底物浓度与酶活成正相关,90 ℃处理4 min 可钝化其活性;酶反应动力学研究表明,以邻苯二酚为底物时,Vmax=437 U/min,Km=0.015 6 mM.     

西葫芦多酚氧化酶酶学特性研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法对西葫芦多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性及不同抑制剂对多酚氧化酶活性的影响进行研究。结果表明,西葫芦多酚氧化酶最适pH为6.6,最适温度为35℃,90℃处理5min可使该酶失活。多酚氧化酶催化的酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,动力学参数为Km=0.0417mol/L,Vmax=208.33U。四种抑制剂对PPO的抑制效果由强到弱依次为:亚硫酸氢钠>L-半胱氨酸>抗坏血酸>柠檬酸。     

番石榴果肉的酶促褐变及其抑制措施

采用分光光度法,对番石榴多酚氧化酶(PPO)的催化特性、最适波长、最适反应时间、最适温度、最适pH等性质进行了研究,同时实验了肉桂酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、L-半胱氨酸四种添加剂对番石榴多酚氧化酶活性的影响,以寻求在果品的保鲜以及果肉初加工过程中抑制PPO活性的各控制手段与果品加工的有机结合方法,为防止褐变提供有效、合理的措施.实验结果表明:以邻苯二酚为反应底物时,番石榴多酚氧化酶催化氧化产物的最适波长为422nm,最佳反应时间为约20min左右,最适反应温度为25℃,最适pH为6.8,90℃水浴处理5min该酶基本已失活.四种添加剂对该酶均表现出不同的抑制效果,单一添加剂对番石榴多酚氧化酶酶促褐变抑制效果的强弱次序为:抗坏血酸>L-半胱氨酸>肉桂酸>苯甲酸,其中抗坏血酸的有效抑制浓度为0.1%,而两种浓度为0.05%的添加剂协同作用又以L-半胱氨酸 抗坏血酸的效果最好.     

蕨菜多酚氧化酶的性质

以冷冻丙酮制备蕨菜多酚氧化酶丙酮粉,用分光光度法研究pH、温度、底物浓度,抑制剂对酶活性的影响,结果表明,以邻苯二酚为底物,该酶的最适pH值为7.4,最适温度为25℃;Km为39.86 mmol/L,Vm为0.686 OD/min,90℃热处理50 s可钝化PPO的活性;抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠为强烈抑制剂,175 mg/L的亚硫酸钠、225 mg/L的抗坏血酸能有效抑制PPO的活性.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.