基于纳米材料的适配体生物传感器检测真菌毒素研究进展

真菌毒素是真菌在饲料或食品中生长所产生的次级代谢产物，通过食物链可在人和动物体内不断蓄积，且较难通过代谢排除，给人体和畜牧业构成了较大威胁。因此，真菌毒素的监测成为了预防真菌毒素污染的重要途径之一。近年来，随着纳米材料科学的飞速发展和研究人员在真菌毒素检测方面的不断深入研究，基于纳米材料的适配体生物传感在真菌毒素检测领域得到了广泛应用。与传统检测方法相比，适配体与纳米材料联用检测技术更加快捷、方法更加简单、成本更加低廉。因此，文章归纳了近几年有关真菌毒素快速检测方面的文献，分析总结了以纳米材料为基础的适配体生物传感器用于真菌毒素的快速检测研究，以及有关食品安全现阶段面临的主要问题，期望对真菌毒素检测的相关研究发展起到一定的借鉴与启示。     

Recent progress in mycotoxins detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Mycotoxins are toxic compounds naturally produced by certain types of fungi. The contamination of mycotoxins can occur on numerous foodstuffs, including cereals, nuts, fruits, and spices, and pose a major threat to humans and animals by causing acute and chronic toxic effects. In this regard, reliable techniques for accurate and sensitive detection of mycotoxins in agricultural products and food samples are urgently needed. As an advanced analytical tool, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), presents several major advantages, such as ultrahigh sensitivity, rapid detection, fingerprint-type information, and miniaturized equipment. Benefiting from these merits, rapid growth has been observed under the topic of SERS-based mycotoxin detection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent achievements in this area. The progress of SERS-based label-free detection, aptasensor, and immunosensor, as well as SERS combined with other techniques, has been summarized, and in-depth discussion of the remaining challenges has been provided, in order to inspire future development of translating the techniques invented in scientific laboratories into easy-to-operate analytic platforms for rapid detection of mycotoxins.     

生物识别元件功能化微纳米磁性材料在真菌毒素检测中的应用

真菌毒素是真菌产生的一类强毒性次级代谢产物,可通过食品或食物链危害人类的健康。建立快速、准确、灵敏的检测方法是控制真菌毒素危害的有效手段之一。功能化微纳米磁性材料因具有超顺磁性、比表面积大等特性,近年来在建立样品前处理新方法及生物传感器分析等领域的应用日益增多。本文在概述真菌毒素传统检测方法及微纳米磁性材料特点的基础上,综述近期生物识别元件功能化微纳米磁性材料在样品前处理及利用生物传感器高灵敏快速检测真菌毒素中的应用,并对其发展进行展望。     

真菌毒素快速检测技术研究进展

真菌毒素污染是造成食品安全问题的重要因素之一,是目前和将来很长一段时间内全球食品安全领域研究的热点与焦点之一。真菌毒素是真菌在生长过程产生的次生代谢产物,其污染范围广泛,尤其易污染谷物类等粮食作物。由于其具有致畸、致癌、致突变等特性,易延伸至食物链,对人和动物健康带来严重危险。因此为了降低和控制其危害,首先需要严格检测监测真菌毒素的污染水平,开发高效、快捷的检测方法与配套产品。相对于色谱及其与质谱联用等具有检测结果准确,前处理复杂,检测成本高,不适于现场、高通量检测等常规实验室分析方法,快速检测具有现场、快速、低成本等优势,已成为实际真菌毒素监控中应用最广泛的方法。本文综述了国内外近三年内真菌毒素快速检测领域的最新研究进展,以期为我国食品安全中真菌毒素污染的有效监管提供技术参考。     

适配体传感器在玉米赤霉烯酮检测中的应用

玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)是由镰刀菌属产生的一种非甾体真菌毒素,广泛存在于霉变的玉米、高粱等谷类作物以及奶制品中。由于其具有类雌激素作用,对动物和人均具有潜在的危害。因此,开发灵敏快速的ZEN检测技术对于防控ZEN具有重要意义。近年来,适配体传感器（aptasensors）因其分子量小、亲和力强、易于合成和修饰以及稳定性好等优点,已广泛应用于临床诊断、药物分析、环境监测、食品安全等领域。尤其在食品安全检测领域,适配体传感器可提供灵活多变的构建策略,且易于实现现场快速检测。因此本文结合国内外的研究进展,综述了近些年来基于适配体传感器的玉米赤霉烯酮检测方法,概括了各种检测方法的原理及其在实际样品检测中的应用,旨在为发展新的分析检测方法提供参考。     

Food authentication by PCR-based methods

Food authenticity is presently a subject of great concern to food authorities, as the incorrect labelling of foodstuffs can represent a commercial fraud. The implication of misleading labelling can be much more important concerning the presence of potentially allergenic foods. The need to support food labelling has provided the development of analytical techniques for the analysis of food ingredients. In the last years, several methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been proposed as useful means for identifying species of origin in foods, as well as food allergens and genetically modified organisms (GMO), due to their high specificity and sensitivity, as well as rapid processing time and low cost. This work intends to provide an updated and extensive overview on the PCR-based methods for food authentication, including also methods for allergens and GMO the detection in foods.     

表面等离子共振技术在真菌毒素检测中的应用研究进展

真菌毒素污染的食品严重影响人类的健康,对真菌毒素的监测与防控是构建食品安全保障体系的重要一环。表面等离子共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)生物传感器以快速、免标记、高通量、高灵敏等优点,已广泛应用在药物筛选、食品检测、环境监测、临床诊断等领域。本文就SPR生物传感器在食品中真菌毒素快速筛查方面的应用研究进行了综述。     

果蔬制品中链格孢霉毒素检测与控制研究进展

链格孢霉属(Alternaria species)是链格孢霉毒素这种次级代谢产物的已知生产者。链格孢霉毒素具有明显的毒理学潜力,食用被其污染的果蔬和粮食产品会对消费者的健康造成威胁。果蔬营养丰富、含水量高,更易于被链格孢霉毒素感染,因此建立高效、简单、快速的检测技术和实现该毒素的高效控制一直是当今果蔬领域研究的热点。本文总结和分析了链格孢霉毒素常见的检测技术和控制方法,以期为链格孢霉毒素的快速检测和果蔬类食品安全控制与风险评估等提供参考。     

Advanced synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro) spectroscopy contributions to advances in food and feed research on molecular structure,mycotoxin determination,and molecular nutrition

ABSTRACT

Mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide problem for food and feeds production for a long time. There is an obviously increased focus of the food and feed industry toward the reduction of mycotoxin concentration in both the raw materials and finished products. Therefore, both effective qualitative and quantitative techniques for the determination of mycotoxins are required to minimize their harmful effects. Conventional wet chemical methods usually are time-consuming, expensive, and rely on complex extraction and cleanup pretreatments. Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular spectroscopy have shown great potential to be developed as rapid and nondestructive tools for the determination of molecular structure, molecular nutrition and mycotoxins in feed and food. This article reviews the common types of mycotoxins in feed and food, their toxicity, as well as the conventional detection methods. The principle of advanced molecular spectroscopy techniques and their application prospects for mycotoxin detection are discussed. Recent progress in food and feed research with molecular spectroscopy techniques is highlighted. This review provides a potential and insight into how to determine the structure and mycotoxins of feed and food on a molecular basis with advanced Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular (micro) spectroscopy.     

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins

ABSTRACT: Mycotoxin toxicity occurs at very low concentrations, therefore sensitive and reliable methods for their detection are required. Consequently, sampling and analysis of mycotoxins is of critical importance because failure to achieve a suitable verified analysis can lead to unacceptable consignments being accepted or satisfactory shipments unnecessarily rejected. The general mycotoxin analyses carried out in laboratories are still based on physicochemical methods, which are continually improved. Further research in mycotoxin analysis has been established in such techniques as screening methods with TLC, GC, HPLC, and LC–MS. In some areas of mycotoxin method development, immunoaffinity columns and multifunctional columns are good choices as cleanup methods. They are appropriate to displace conventional liquid–liquid partitioning or column chromatography cleanup. On the other hand, the need for rapid yes/no decisions for exported or imported products has led to a number of new screening methods, mainly, rapid and easy‐to‐use test kits based on immuno‐analytical principles. In view of the fact that analytical methods for detecting mycotoxins have become more prevalent, sensitive, and specific, surveillance of foods for mycotoxin contamination has become more commonplace. Reliability of methods and well‐defined performance characteristics are essential for method validation. This article covers some of the latest activities and progress in qualitative and quantitative mycotoxin analysis.