微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定花生中镉含量

本文研究了高脂肪高蛋白材料花生中镉含量测定方法。采用微波消解法处理花生样品,使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定花生中镉含量。从广东、湖北和辽宁3省随机抽取收获的9个花生样品进行检测,镉含量范围为0．061～0．529mg／kg,RSD为1．22％-8．75％（n=6,c=0．859—7．409ng／mL）,该方法检出限为0．00019mg／kg,加标回收率为95．4％～100．1％,具有灵敏、快速、准确的特点,可用于高脂肪高蛋白样品中镉含量的测定。     

婴儿配方仿制乳的研究

研究了以花生和小米为主要原料制备婴儿配方仿制乳的诸多影响因素，结果表明：制备花生乳的最佳参数为：25℃下浸泡6h，磨浆时花生：水：1：8。制备小米乳的最佳条件通过响应面分析为：25℃下浸泡59min．磨浆时米：水=1：6。产品最佳配方是在0．5份花生乳和1份小米乳的混合乳中加入脱脂奶粉3．34％（质量分数，下同）、麦芽糊精1.77％、卵磷脂0．0628％和玉米油1．194％。最终产品的理化指标等与市售的“雅士利”婴儿配方食品完全一致。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定花生中的铜、锌和铁

试验采用微波消解系统消解花生样品，将研碎的样品置于密闭容器内，加入一定量的硝酸和双氧水，放在微波炉中进行消解。采用正交试验设计确定微波消解花生的最佳工作参数。用火焰原子吸收法测定花生中铜、锌、铁的含量，其相对标准偏差(n=8)分别为0．99％、0．96％、1.89％，平均加标回收率分别为100．25％、99．44％、99．95％。该方法省时省酸，减少环境污染。准确度和精密度均优于传统方法。     

花生蛋白奶茶的开发研制

以红茶、花生蛋白和脱脂奶粉等为主要原料，通过对茶汤的浸提试验、花生蛋白的酶解试验、产品配方调制试验以及稳定剂的配比试验研究，最终确定了花生蛋白奶茶的最佳产品配方：红茶茶汤50％，花生蛋白酶解液20％，蔗糖9％，脱脂奶粉1．5％，蔗糖脂肪酸酯0．15％，分子蒸馏单甘酯0．05％，卡拉胶0．025％，柠檬酸钠0．03％，焦磷酸钠0．05％。     

花生乳干酪加工工艺研究

花生乳干酪是以部分花生乳代替牛乳制成的符合中国人口味的风味干酪。本试验对影响混合乳干酪凝乳效果的主要因素进行了研究，结果表明：当花生乳添加量为20％，发酵酸度为24^0 T，皱胃酶添加量为0．30％，CaCl2添加量为0．06％时凝乳效果较好。     

花生酸奶的研制

本试验以花生和鲜牛乳为原料，对花生酸奶的制作进行研究。结果表明，花生浆与鲜牛乳的比例1：2、发酵时间5h、接种量3．5％、蔗糖添加量8％、发酵温度42．5℃、0．20％的海藻酸钠及0．075％的CMC—Na作为稳定剂为最佳工艺条件。花生酸奶风味独特，营养丰富，酸甜适中。     

婴幼儿配方食品和乳粉中DHA、EPA、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生四烯酸(AA)的测定

建立了气相色谱法同时测定乳制品中DHA，EPA，亚油酸，亚麻酸和花生四烯酸AA含量的方法。采用色谱柱为脂肪酸型色谱柱DB-23，氢火焰离子化检测器。优化了色谱条件。结果表明，DHA，EPA，亚油酸，亚麻酸和花生四烯酸AA分离效果很好。DHA的最低检出限为0．02g／L，回收率为100．1％，变异系数（CV）为0．82％；EPA的最低检出限为0．01g／L，回收率为99．8％，变异系数为1．04％；亚油酸的最低检出限为0.01g／L，回收率为99．7％，变异系数为0．82％；亚麻酸的最低检出限为0．01g／L，回收率为99．7％，变异系数为0．96％；AA的最低检出限为0．01g／L，回收率为99．9％，变异系数为0．96％。     

多价不饱和脂肪酸发醇条件的初步研究

研究被孢霉SD－95的摇瓶发酵特性，选出最优培养基配方。摇瓶发酵结果为，菌体得率28．5％，油脂得率12．4％，油脂含量43．6％，碘值122．8。油脂中多价不饱和脂肪酸组成为，亚油酸17．2％，r-亚麻酸7．7％，花生四烯酸0．5％，多价不饱和脂肪酸总量为25．3％；菌丝体经过冬化处理后，其多价不饱和脂肪酸组成为，亚油酸18．6％，r-亚麻酸8．1％，花生四烯酸0．7％，二十碳五烯酸50．4mg／1009油脂，多价不饱和脂肪酸总量27．5％。     

南乳花生的抗氧化措施

采用强制保温氧化试验法研究防止南乳花生在保藏期内氧化酸败的措施。试验表明：以0．01％TBHQ 0．01％BHA 0．01％柠檬酸为抗氧化剂的效果为最佳，配合真空 除氧剂的包装形式，南乳花生的保质期可达6个月以上。     

花生蔓水提物抗氧化性及饮品配方研究

研究花生蔓水提物的主要成分、含量及抗氧化性,并创制花生蔓保健饮品。试验结果表明,花生蔓水提物中总糖、可溶性多糖、黄酮类化合物含量分别为(15.04±0.91)%、(5.79±0.51)%、(2.03±0.36)%。花生蔓水提物抗氧化作用较强,当添加量为50 mg/mL时,对羟基OH自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率可达(90.51±2.94)%和(80.75±3.05)%。正交试验结果表明,花生蔓饮品的最优配方为花生蔓水提物4.00 g/100 mL、蔗糖6.00 g/100 mL、蜂蜜2.40 g/100 mL、柠檬酸0.40 g/100 mL、薄荷香精0.10 g/100 mL、复合稳定剂0.15 g/100 mL(羧甲基纤维素钠∶黄原胶∶果胶=5∶2∶3,质量比)。获得的饮品抗氧化性强、口感良好,调配方法简单可行,适宜进行工业化生产。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.