纯棉筒子纱低温前处理

采用低温精练剂TANNEX?BE,配以氧漂活化剂TANEDE?GREEN对棉筒子纱进行70℃低温前处理。优化的工艺参数为:27.5%H2O24 m L/L,TANNEX?BE 0.5 m L/L,TANEDE?GREEN 0.9 m L/L,70℃处理50 min。处理后纱线白度为80.56%,毛效11.8 cm/30 min,纱线强力301.84 c N,能够满足后续染色加工的要求。     

纯棉纱线酶氧前处理工艺研究

介绍了以酶为前处理煮漂助剂的生态前处理工艺,并将其与常规碱氧前处理工艺进行对比,分析了两种工艺对毛效、白度、失重率、断裂强力及染色性能的影响。结果表明,纯棉纱线酶氧前处理的优化工艺为:精练酶L用量1.5 g/L,25%双氧水用量4 g/L,处理温度70℃,处理时间60 min。经酶氧前处理最优工艺处理后,纯棉纱线的白度和毛效与经过常规前处理的相当,且棉纤维损伤小,对染色的色光无明显影响。大货生产表明,经酶氧生态前处理的纯棉纱线织造性能较好,染色后纱线强力、色牢度等均符合客户要求,以酶为前处理助剂的生态前处理工艺节能减排,在现实生产中可行。     

漂特灵DM-1436高温低碱免中和快速练漂

介绍了漂特灵DM-1436的基本性能,并用于纯棉筒子纱快速练漂加工中。采用正交试验练漂对快速练漂工艺进行参数优化,将优化后练漂工艺用于大生产实践,测试并对比了快速练漂工艺与传统练漂工艺的练漂效果。结果表明,最佳快速练漂工艺处方为除油剂DM-1130 1.00 g/L、漂特灵DM-1436 1.00~2.00g/L、固体烧碱0.50 g/L、30.0%H2O210.00 g/L,浴比1∶8~1∶10,110℃处理30 min;通过优化练漂工艺,可以实现110℃纯棉筒子纱高温低碱免中和快速练漂,且减少水、电、汽用量及污水排放量;处理后筒子纱白度、吸水性优良,纱线染色性能与传统工艺相同,手感更优且质量损失率降低。     

超声波技术在棉针织物低温练漂中的应用

采用超声波技术,在氧漂精练剂HK-1039协同作用下,对纯棉针织物进行低温前处理。测试并分析了p H值、氧漂精练剂用量、双氧水用量、处理时间、处理温度和超声波频率对前处理效果的影响,并将低温前处理和传统前处理工艺效果进行对比。结果表明,最佳工艺p H值为10、氧漂精练剂HK-1039用量为8 g/L、双氧水用量为20 m L/L、时间80 min、温度55℃、超声波频率为40 k Hz;低温前处理的白度与毛效基本可达到传统前处理工艺效果,且强力损失率较低。     

精梳纯棉筒子纱低温前处理实践

为解决精梳纯棉筒子纱高温98 ℃前处理时,能耗高、纤维损伤大、手感差等问题,采用双氧水低温漂白复合活化剂和低温精练剂进行60 ℃低温精练、漂白。结果表明,纱线前处理白度、毛效和染色效果与传统前处理工艺相当,且节约了大量的蒸汽能源,大幅降低了生产成本。     

菠萝叶纤维卜公茶皂素前处理的可行性

采用卜公茶皂素对菠萝叶纤维纱线进行前处理。分别采用沸煮工艺、轧堆工艺和汽蒸工艺三种方式,测试了处理后菠萝叶纤维的白度、强力和毛效指标,得到的优化前处理工艺为：卜公茶皂素粉末质量浓度20 g/L,卜公茶皂素分散液质量浓度0.8 g/L,浴比1〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗30,100 ℃浸渍60 min。处理后纱线具有较好的白度、毛效、强力以及强力保留率。     

筒子染色低温前处理工艺探讨

纯棉筒子纱染色前处理通常在高温98℃下进行,对纱线强度、手感都会产生较大的负面影响,同时不利于节能减排。新工艺利用双氧水低温漂白复合活化剂,实现了在60℃低温下精练、漂白,前处理白度、毛效和染色效果与传统前处理工艺相当;节约了大量蒸汽能源,减少了排放。     

针织物冷轧堆前处理工艺研究

介绍了针织物冷轧堆漂白工艺,分析了其对针织物强力和毛效的影响。测试并比较了双氧水、氢氧化钠、活化剂TAED用量和堆置时间等因素对织物白度的影响,通过正交试验得出最佳工艺条件,并对H2O2/TAED活化体系与传统H2O2漂白体系处理后织物的白度和强力进行比较。结果表明,针织物冷轧堆漂白最佳工艺条件为:室温下H2O2用量18 g/L,NaOH用量15 g/L,TAED用量1 g/L,渗透剂JC-1用量10 g/L,稳定剂JD-22用量4 g/L,堆置时间为24 h;与传统煮漂一浴法和常规冷轧堆前处理工艺相比,H2O2/TAED冷轧堆前处理新工艺大大降低了H2O2和NaOH用量,在织物获得足够白度的基础上,降低了织物的强力损失,耗能少、成本低。     

纯棉织物的低温煮漂一浴工艺

针对全棉织物常规连续前处理工艺流程长、污染大、能耗高、污水处理成本高的问题,提出并开发一种新型低温煮漂一浴短流程前处理工艺,讨论了各种助剂用量及处理时间对处理效果的影响。根据织物白度、毛效、强力等指标,优化了低温煮漂一浴工艺。优化的低温煮漂一浴工艺为：烧碱6 g/L、双氧水（100%）15 g/L、强力精练剂CP-2G10 g/L、氧漂稳定剂HOC 15 g/L、裂解剂HSM 2 g/L,汽蒸条件80℃×45 min。经优化的低温煮漂一浴工艺处理后,布面效果可接近常规工艺的水平,同时大幅减少了能源消耗及污水中COD值、氨氮和磷含量。     

双氧水稳定剂KD在纯棉毛巾前处理中的应用

将新型双氧水稳定剂KD应用于纯棉毛巾冷轧堆前处理工艺,讨论了双氧水和氢氧化钠用量、温度、时间对前处理效果的影响,确定稳定剂KD在纯棉毛巾漂白中的最佳工艺条件为:双氧水(27.5%)质量浓度50g/L,NaOH质量浓度35g/L,堆置温度35℃,堆置时间9h,四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)5g/L,稳定剂KD质量浓度5 g/L,精练渗透剂质量浓度5 g/L。纯棉毛巾经此工艺条件处理后,白度达到80.4,毛效12.1 cm/30 min,断裂强力573.3 N,毛巾手感柔软。冷轧堆前处理工艺中使用稳定剂KD后,碱用量减少,堆置时间缩短,有效改善了纯棉毛巾漂白前处理的品质。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.