一种中草药组方保健食品促进排铅功能的研究

研究了以茯苓、菊花、绿豆、魔芋等提取物为组方的保健食品对染铅动物学习记忆和消化功能的改善作用.通过灌胃给醋酸铅染毒,剂量为40 mg/kg,观察其对小鼠跳台、水迷宫、避暗、小肠推进和大鼠双向回避、食物利用率、消化酶的影响.结果发现这种具有促进排铅功能保健食品可明显减少染铅小鼠跳台实验和水迷宫实验中的错误次数,延长其在避暗实验中的潜伏时间,缩短染铅大鼠双向回避实验中主动回避时间和被动回避时间,可增强染铅小鼠胃肠推进运动及大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量及活性.这种具有促进排铅保健食品能够改善染铅动物学习记忆和消化功能.     

广陈皮促消化功能物质基础的研究

为探究传统药食两用资源广陈皮的促消化功能物质基础,采用国家卫生部颁布的"促进消化功能检验方法",跟踪广陈皮提取物不同极性部位对鼠促消化作用,指导活性物质的分离纯化和结构鉴定,验证各单体化合物对鼠促消化作用。结果表明,广陈皮中的乙酸乙酯提取物为促消化活性最强部分,从中分离纯化并鉴定了橙皮苷、川陈皮素和橘皮素3个黄酮类化合物。橙皮苷对大鼠胃液量、胃蛋白酶排出量、胃蛋白酶活力的影响与空白对照无显著性差异,川陈皮素、橘皮素及三者组合(橙皮苷∶橘皮素∶川陈皮素=5∶1∶1,质量比)可显著促进胃液、胃蛋白酶的排出,提高胃蛋白酶活力,增强消化功能。其中,橙橘川组的蛋白酶排出量为(239.61±43.39)U/h,显著高于空白对照组(145.64±33.29)U/h,小肠墨汁推进率(61.94±6.01)%较空白组提高了35.54%。结果表明,广陈皮中含量最高的成分——橙皮苷的促消化活性较弱,多甲氧基黄酮类化合物川陈皮素和橘皮素的促消化活性较强,说明多甲氧基黄酮为广陈皮促消化功能的主要物质基础。     

胶原三肽的小肠吸收及提高运动耐力作用初探

通过大鼠离体小肠翻转实验,测定样品在大鼠离体小肠标本中吸收前后的多肽(氨基酸)含量,比较胶原三肽、胶原肽和丙氨酸的小肠吸收率。并以小鼠为实验对象,研究胶原三肽对小鼠爬杆时间的影响。结果表明,胶原三肽的小肠吸收率明显高于大分子的胶原肽和游离的氨基酸,胶原三肽组小鼠的爬杆时间显著高于模型组、对照组,提示胶原三肽具有一定提高运动耐力的作用。     

刺梨口服液对消化不良小鼠胃肠动力的促进作用

研究刺梨口服液对消化不良小鼠胃肠动力的促进作用。通过复方地芬诺酯诱导消化不良模型小鼠,将造模成功的小鼠分成模型组(MC)、阳性组(PC)、刺梨口服液(DF)、刺梨口服液(HF)、正常组(NC);正常组及模型组灌胃配制生理盐水,阳性组灌胃多藩立酮悬浮液;刺梨口服液DF、HF灌胃口服液;造模前后测量小鼠的饮食量及体质量;给药结束后,测量小鼠胃残留率及小肠运动率、血清胃动素MTL、胃泌素GAS含量评价其促消化功效。研究发现:与MC相比,DF、HF的小鼠饮食量增加了4.42%、10.38%、体质量5.87%、7.08%(p0.05);胃残留率降低了45.15%、36.90%,小肠推进率提升39.28%、45.11%(p0.05);血清含量MTL、GAS增量了35.94%、39.05%、32.14%、38.45%(p0.05);研究证明刺梨口服液具备较好的促消化作用,可有效促进胃肠动力运动效果。     

咸金枣促消化作用研究

目的:评价咸金枣受试样品的促消化功能。方法:SD大鼠设空白对照组和低、中、高实验剂量组(46.3、62、93mg/kg),每日灌胃1次,连续30d后,测定各组大鼠体重增重、进食量、食物利用率等指标;另取各组大鼠胃液,测定其胃蛋白酶活性和胃蛋白酶排出量。KM小鼠实验设空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组和低、中、高实验剂量组(9.3、12.3、18.6mg/kg),每日灌胃1次,连续30d后,测定各组小鼠墨汁推进率。结果:SD大鼠体重、进食量、体重增重3项指标中,各实验剂量组大鼠体重增重有明显增长趋势,具有统计学差异(P 0.05);消化酶实验结果表明,胃蛋白酶活性与空白组相比显著增加(P 0.05)。小鼠小肠运动实验表明,采用不同剂量咸金枣饲喂后,各组小鼠肠道墨汁推进率均有不同程度提高(P 0.05)。结论:咸金枣受试样可有效增加实验动物体重并显著提高实验动物胃蛋白酶活性,进而促进小鼠肠道运动能力,发挥促消化作用。     

杜仲雄花乙酸乙酯提取物的镇静催眠作用研究

目的：研究不同剂量杜仲雄花乙酸乙酯提取物的镇静催眠作用,确定杜仲雄花镇静催眠活性部位并分析其有效作用剂量。方法：观察不同剂量乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠自主活动的影响以及直接镇静催眠作用、与戊巴比妥钠的协同作用和抗惊厥作用。结果：杜仲雄花乙酸乙酯提取物能显著增加小鼠睡眠率,减少小鼠的自主活动次数;显著增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠率,延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间,缩短入睡潜伏期;减少惊厥小鼠数,延长惊厥潜伏期。结论：杜仲雄花乙酸乙酯提取物具有良好的镇静催眠作用,是杜仲雄花镇静催眠活性的有效组分。     

荞麦芽提取物抗突变和抑制肿瘤作用的实验研究

对荞麦芽提取物的抗突变和抗肿瘤作用进行研究,为开发荞麦的保健作用提供依据.实验以小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验观察荞麦芽提取物的抗突变作用,以小鼠S-180移植性肿瘤观察荞麦芽提取物的抗肿瘤效果.结果显示,荞麦芽提取物对N-甲基-N-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核的发生有明显的抑制效果,其中荞麦芽乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物在80mg/kg度下,对小鼠骨髓微核的抑制率达73.4％、75.8％、74.2％;对小鼠S-180移植性肿瘤生长也有明显的抑制作用,其中荞麦芽乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物的抑瘤率达39.5％、38.0％.说明荞麦芽对体细胞DNA损伤有保护作用,对肿瘤也有一定的预防作用.     

大豆植物提取物的抗炎和镇痛作用研究

目的:研究大豆植物提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法:采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法、大鼠卵白蛋白致足肿胀法、大鼠棉球肉芽肿法、小鼠热板法和小鼠扭体法。结果:大豆植物提取物能抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓炎性肿胀和大鼠卵白蛋白性足肿胀,并能减轻大鼠棉球肉芽肿重量,说明大豆植物提取物有明显的抗炎作用。镇痛试验表明,大豆植物提取物能显著提高热板试验小鼠的痛阈,有效抑制冰醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应次数。结论:大豆植物提取物具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

阳春砂促进消化功能的实验研究

通过大鼠的消化酶活性,小鼠小肠墨汁推进率,观察阳春砂对实验动物消化功能的影响.动物经口灌胃不同剂量的阳春砂浸提物,30d后测定动物体重、食物利用率、小肠墨汁推进率、胃液量、胃蛋白酶排出量、胃蛋白酶活性单位等指标的情况.3个剂量组的小鼠小肠墨汁推进率明显高于复方地芬诺酯模型对照组(P<0.01),大鼠高剂量组胃蛋白酶排出量明显多于对照组(P<0.05).阳春砂在促进动物消化功能方面具有一定的作用.     

毛健绿茶化学成分及促消化功能分析

采用保健食品功效学研究中的小鼠小肠运动评价,大鼠体质量、体质量增量、摄食量、食物利用率评价、大鼠胃蛋白酶活性及胃蛋白酶排出量测定等实验评估毛健绿茶水提物的促消化效果,并进一步结合基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱质谱的代谢组学方法对其化学成分进行系统解析。动物实验结果表明,与模型对照组相比,高剂量毛健绿茶水提物组（0.83 g/（kg·d））小鼠小肠墨汁推进率显著升高（P<0.05）,与阴性对照组（去离子水组）相比,中剂量毛健绿茶水提物组（0.21 g/（kg·d））大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量显著升高（P<0.05）,结合两者结果表明毛健绿茶具有一定的促消化功能;代谢组学分析在毛健绿茶水提物中共鉴定出98个化合物,其中黄酮（芹菜素和木犀草素,0.14～0.77 mg/g）、黄烷酮（柚皮素和圣草酚,0.49～1.49 mg/g）、黄酮-7-O-葡萄糖苷（0.57～9.07 mg/g）和黄烷酮-7-O-葡萄糖苷（4.49～38.98 mg/g）为主要成分。本研究较为系统地评价了毛健绿茶水提物的促消化功能,并解析其主要化学成分,为日后毛健绿茶及其新产品的推广和开发利用提供了相应的理论...     

乌饭树果乙醇提取物不同极性分部的体外抗氧化活性研究

目的筛选乌饭树果乙醇提取物中抗氧化活性最强的极性分部。方法采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、正丁醇和水等5种不同极性溶剂对乌饭树果乙醇提取物进行进一步梯度萃取,并分析比较其总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T_(AC))、抗脂质过氧化能力及对羟基自由基OH·、超氧阴离子自由基O_2~-·的清除效果。结果乌饭树果乙醇提取物的5个不同极性分部均具有一定的抗氧化活性,但其活性大小差异极显著(P0.01),T_(AC)大小依次为:乙酸乙酯部氯仿部正丁醇部石油醚部水部。同时,在OH·、O_2~-·自由基清除能力和抗脂质过氧化能力上,乙酸乙酯部均优于氯仿部和正丁醇部,且呈明显的量效关系。结论乌饭树果乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部具有最强的抗氧化活性,且对OH·、O_2~-·的清除能力及抗脂质过氧化能力均强于L-抗坏血酸及其它部位,可作为天然抗氧化剂的潜在有效来源。     

In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activities in fruit extracts from citron and blood orange

Consumers are increasingly aware of diet related health problems and therefore demanding natural ingredients which are expected to be safe and health-promoting. Recently, number of studies on health benefits associated with citrus phytochemicals have been demonstrated. In the present study, an attempt has been made to isolate antioxidant fractions from two different citrus species such as Citron (Citrus medica) and blood orange (C. sinensis). Antioxidant fractions were extracted from mature, ripe fruits using five different solvents using a Soxhlet extractor. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. MeOH:water (80:20) extract of citron and acetone extract of blood orange was found to contain maximum phenolics. The dried fractions were screened for their antioxidant activity potential using in vitro model systems such as 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), phosphomolybdenum method and as well as by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test at different concentrations. The MeOH:water (80:20) fraction of citron showed highest radical scavenging activity 42.5%, 77.8% and 92.1% at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm, respectively, while MeOH:water (80:20) fraction of blood orange showed lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity at all the tested concentrations. Furthermore, all the fractions showed remarkable antioxidant capacity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging activity was assayed using non-enzymatic (NADH/phenaxine methosulfate) superoxide generating system. All the extracts showed variable radical scavenging activity. The data obtained in the in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of citrus fruit extracts. However, comprehensive studies need to be conducted to ascertain the in vivo safety of such extracts in experimental animal models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antioxidant activity of citron and blood orange varieties of citrus fruits.     

唐古特白刺果实提取物抗氧化活性评价

采用95% 乙醇加热回流提取唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bohr.)果实成分,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行萃取。用DPPH 自由基法和ABTS+·法进行抗氧化活性实验,并选取抗坏血酸(VC)和生育酚(VE)作为对照。结果显示乙酸乙酯提取物(EAF)具有较高的抗氧化性,进一步对其进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到6 个组分(EAF-Ⅰ～EAF- Ⅵ),其中EAF-Ⅰ和EAF- Ⅳ的抗氧化性均高于VC 和VE。白刺果实提取物具有良好的抗氧化性,有进一步开发为天然抗氧化剂的应用前景。     

Evaluating the in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant activity during consumption of dried fruits with nuts

Dried fruits and nuts are considered as healthy snacks and they are often consumed together in the Turkish diet. In order to investigate the effect of codigestion of dried fruits (figs, apricots, raisins) together with nuts (almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts), total phenolics (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) have been evaluated spectrophotometrically at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion, using an in vitro model. TP, ABTS and CUPRAC results revealed that for all fruit–nut mixtures, the amount recovered in the dialyzed fraction was lower than the recovery of fruits or nuts alone, indicating an antagonistic effect. On the other hand, DPPH results showed that for fig–walnut, fig–hazelnut and apricot–hazelnut mixtures the quantity recovered in the dialyzed fractions were 35–107% higher than the recovery of fruits or nuts alone, representing a synergistic effect. Similarly, FRAP results also demonstrated a synergistic effect in case of fig–walnut, apricot–walnut and apricot–hazelnut mixtures (10–74% higher recovery). Current study provides valuable insights into the changes taking place during in vitro GI digestion of dried fruits and nuts.     

In vitro digestive stability and uptake by Caco-2 human intestinal cells of nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites

Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs) are commonly considered to be the final tetrapyrrolic products of chlorophyll catabolism in higher plants. This study describes two different NCCs, Ca-NCC-1 and Ca-NCC-2, during the ripening of pepper fruits. Although NCCs are present in fruits and vegetables that are or were green, and are part of our daily diet, no information is available about their bioavailability. After in vitro digestion of an extract of pepper NCCs (which reproduces the gastric and intestinal phases of physiological digestion), both have shown resistance to the digestive process and are efficiently incorporated into the aqueous micellar fraction. Assays of absorption by Caco-2 cell monolayers were performed, showing that only Ca-NCC-1 is efficiently absorbed. This is the first time that NCCs have been shown to be absorbed by human intestinal cells, in the same way as other chlorophyll catabolites from plants and vegetables.     

Methyl jasmonate treatment of strawberry fruits enhances antioxidant activity and the inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells

The effect of methyl jasmonate postharvest application on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of strawberry fruits was evaluated. Results showed that the methyl jasmonate treated strawberry extract had higher antioxidant activity and suppresses the nitrite production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The HPLC profiles of both treated and untreated strawberry extracts were compared. To evaluate which compounds are responsible of these higher activities it was also investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of the hexane, chloroform, EtOAc, and n-butanol fractions obtained from the methyl jasmonate treated strawberry. The EtOAc and n-butanol fractions exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity compared to the hexane and chloroform fractions. In addition the n-butanol fraction was able to decrease nitrite production. The EtOAc and n-butanol fractions were analyzed by LC–MS. These results showed that methyl jasmonate promotes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of strawberry fruits by the stimulation of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins production.     

Bioactivity of mango flesh and peel extracts on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ [PPARγ] activation and MCF-7 cell proliferation: fraction and fruit variability

Mangos are a source of bioactive compounds with potential health promoting activity. Biological activities associated with mango fractions were assessed in cell-based assays to develop effective extraction and fractionation methodologies and to define sources of variability. Two techniques were developed for extraction and fractionation of mango fruit peel and flesh. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to assess compositional differences between mango fractions in flesh extracts. Many of the extracts were effective in inhibiting the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. All fractions showed bioactivity in PPAR activation assays, but quantitative responses showed marked fruit-to-fruit variability, highlighting the need to bulk fruit prior to extraction for activity-guided fractionation of bioactive components. This study also suggests that combinations of diverse molecular components may be responsible for cell-level bioactivities from mango fractions, and that purification and activity profiling of individual components may be difficult to relate to whole fruit effects. Practical Application: Although the health benefits of fruits are strongly indicated from studies of diet and disease, it is not known what role individual fruit types can play, particularly for tropical fruits. This study shows that there is a diversity of potentially beneficial bioactivities within the flesh and peel of mango fruit, although fruit-to-fruit variation can be large. The results add to the evidence that the food approach of eating all components of fruits is likely to be more beneficial to health than consuming refined extracts, as the purification process would inevitably remove components with beneficial bioactivities.     

Short communication: Milk fat globule membrane as a potential delivery system for liposoluble nutrients

A soft physical process was used to extract and purified bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fractions on a pilot scale. Oil-in-water emulsions enriched with α-tocopherol and lycopene were then prepared and stabilized with the extracted MFGM fraction and conventional milk protein concentrates (i.e., whey proteins, caseinate). A protocol of in vitro digestion was set up to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the tocopherol and lycopene in the different emulsions. Bioaccessibility was defined as the capacity of liposoluble compounds to be transferred into mixed micelles formed during the digestion process. Results showed that the accumulation of the tocopherol and lycopene into mixed micelles in MFGM-stabilized emulsions was around 2-fold greater than in emulsions stabilized with conventional milk proteins. This result confirms the potential use of MFGM-enriched ingredients as delivery systems of liposoluble nutrients in food formulations.     

Antioxidant Activity of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seed Coat Acetone Extract

The contents of phenolic compounds in seed coat of pea and their antioxidative properties were examined. The pea seed coat was extracted with acetone-water (7:3 v/v) mixture and the extract was separated into five (?V) fractions using a Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidative activity of extract and fractions was measured by the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine to hydroxyperoxidephosphatidylcholine in liposome model and by scavenging effects of superoxide radical anion in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Phenolic compounds of extract and fractions were determined by spectrophotometric methods and characterized by HPLC analysis. Strong antioxidative properties were noted for extract and its five fractions measured by liposome method. The extract and fractions I, IV and V also showed scavenging effects of superoxide radical anion. A statistically significant correlation (P≤0.05) was found between the inhibition of PC oxidation in the system tested and contents of either total phenols or tannins. However no statistically significant correlation was found between O^•−₂ scavenging effect and contents of either total phenols or tannins. The HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds of extract and active fractions showed the presence of some phenolic acids (benzoic and cinnamic acids, and cinnamic acid derivatives), flavone and flavonol glycoside.     

Screening for Alternative Antibiotics: An Investigation into the Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Food Plants of Mauritius

ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of 2 endemic medicinal plants; Faujasiopsis flexuosa (Asteraceae) (FF) and Pittosporum senacia (Pittosporaceae) (PS) and 2 exotic medicinal plants, Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) (MC) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) (OT) that forms part of local pharmacopoeia of Mauritius and correlate any observed activity with its phytochemical profile. Aqueous and organic fractions of the leaves, fruits, and seeds of these plants were subjected to antimicrobial testing by the disc diffusion method against 8 clinical isolates of bacteria and 2 strains of fungus. It was found that MC, OT, and FF possessed antimicrobial properties against the test organisms. The MIC for MC ranged from 0.5 to 9 mg/mL and that of FF from 2 to 10 mg/mL and the lowest MIC value (0.5 mg/mL) was recorded for the unripe fruits of MC against E. coli. On the other hand, higher concentration of the unripe MC fruit extract of 9 mg/mL was needed to be effective against a resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antimicrobial effect against MRSA was lost upon ripening of the fruits. The methanolic extract of both MC and FF showed highest MIC values compared to the corresponding aqueous extract, which indicates the low efficacy and the need of higher doses of the plant extract. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of at least tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which are known antimicrobial phyto-compounds. In conclusion, the observed antimicrobial properties would tend to further validate the medicinal properties of these commonly used endemic medicinal and food plants of Mauritius.