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1.
中空球形壳聚糖经3%戊二醛活化后与真菌α-淀粉酶在室温反应2h,冰箱静置过夜,制备固定化α-淀粉酶.固定化α-淀粉酶最适催化温度为60℃,最适pH值为5.0,相对酶活力为7.4%.固定化α-淀粉酶连续使用15d,酶活力未下降,生产麦胚蛋白质的纯度达89%,得率为79%.  相似文献   

2.
王华  王莹  詹长娟  王翼  徐伟 《食品工业》2015,(2):129-132
以壳聚糖小球为载体,采用戊二醛交联共价固定α-淀粉酶。试验结果表明,以1 g壳聚糖小球为载体,经5m L 2%戊二醛处理后,加入24 mgα-淀粉酶,30℃,在p H 6的磷酸缓冲液中固定化2 h,制备的固定化α-淀粉酶活力达1 407.6 U/g。固定化酶最适p H向酸性方向偏移,最适反应温度不变,固定化α-淀粉酶的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性均优于游离酶。  相似文献   

3.
本文研究了大豆β—淀粉酶和产气杆菌异淀粉酶在同一载体上的固定化作用。以虾壳几丁质和壳聚糖为载体,证明几丁质更适于固定化异淀粉酶。用5%甲酸和50%乙酸预处理载体可增加固定化异淀粉酶的活性和稳定性,这可能是由于载体中壳聚糖的溶解造成的。经甲酸处理的几丁质先与4~6%pH7~9的戊二醛反应1小时,再同酶液(10mg/ml,pH6)反应2小时,并添加0.2mol/1Ca~#,将有利于固定化作用。用本方法得到的固定化酶具有高度活性和稳定性。固定化异淀粉酶最适pH由6.5变为5.0,而固定化β—淀粉酶最适pH变化不大。固定化酶在60℃稳定,在70℃5分钟失活。固定化酶在水中贮藏稳定,并具有良好的操作稳定性,使其在麦芽糖生产中具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

4.
壳聚糖固定β-半乳糖苷酶的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,固定β-半乳糖苷酶,对β-半乳糖苷酶的固定化条件及固定化酶的各种性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最适条件为:用pH6.5的P—E-M缓冲液浸泡10h,25℃壳聚糖微球与0.5%戊二醛交联12h以上,4℃下酶与壳聚塘微球固定12h以上酶活力回收可迭67%。固定化酶的最适温度为40℃左右,最适pH7.0。通过双倒数求回归方程,求得动力学参数Km值为0.613μmol/ml。固定化酶稳定性好,可以重复使用。  相似文献   

5.
壳聚糖纳米胶囊固定化α-淀粉酶及其特性的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用离子凝胶法制备了壳聚糖纳米微胶囊,以此为载体通过吸附法固定了α-淀粉酶.分析了固定化后α-淀粉酶特性的变化,并考察了固定化酶的热稳定性、储藏稳定性与重复利用性.结果表明:固定化酶的最适温度与游离酶相比,提高了20℃;最适温度下的活性比游离酶的大,酶的最适作用DH值不受纳米载体的影响.纳米壳聚糖固定酶能较大提高其热稳定性、储藏稳定性和重复利用性.  相似文献   

6.
4种α-壳聚糖载体固定化糖化酶的比较研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
通过对4种α-壳聚糖载体固定化糖化酶的性质及动力学参数比较研究。结果表明:①酸法处理的载体固定化酶效果差;②脱乙酰度为84.6%的壳聚糖载体有好的固定化性能,其酶回收率达75%;最适pH为6.0-7.5;最适温度为50℃;米氏常数为22.63mg/L,对底物的亲和力增强。  相似文献   

7.
以复合修饰的纳米超顺磁性Fe3O4颗粒聚集体为载体固定化α-淀粉酶,比较分析固定化α-淀粉酶及游离α-淀粉酶的酶学性能。研究固定化及游离α-淀粉酶的最适温度、最适p H、操作稳定性及基本动力学等。结果表明,固定化α-淀粉酶最适p H为7,最适温度为60℃。固定化α-淀粉酶与游离α-淀粉酶相比,具有更好的温度和酸碱的耐受性。固定化α-淀粉酶重复催化反应10次,相对酶活力仍剩余72.09%,重复操作的半衰期为18.97次,具有良好的操作稳定性。固定化α-淀粉酶的米氏常数Km值为45.31 mg/m L,亲和性弱于游离α-淀粉酶。  相似文献   

8.
磁性聚乙烯醇微球固定化α-淀粉酶的研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
磁性聚乙烯醇微球为载体,采用戊二醛交联法固定化α-淀粉酶,并对固定化酶的理化性质等进行了研究。结果表明,磁性固定化α-淀粉酶的总活力、蛋白载量、比活、活性回收率分别为1107.89U/g微球、125.36mg/g微球、8.84U/mg蛋白质和37.96%;固定化α-淀粉酶的反应最适温度和最适pH分别为110℃和7.0;固定化α-淀粉酶对金属离子Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+和Cu2+的抑制作用的忍耐性比自由酶的明显提高;α-淀粉酶被固定化后其热稳定性、操作稳定性、pH稳定性均比自由酶的明显提高。固定化α-淀粉酶在4℃,pH7.0的缓冲液中保存30d,其活力仍保持最初活力的91.6%,这比其自由酶的高12.3%。  相似文献   

9.
以蒙脱石为载体,利用吸附法分别固定α-淀粉酶、糖化酶以及共固定化α-淀粉酶和糖化酶。α-淀粉酶和糖化酶最佳固定化温度分别是20℃和30℃,最佳固定化pH是6.5和4.5。共固定化最佳条件为淀粉酶(U):糖化酶(U):蒙脱石(g)为15:7.5:0.2,pH为5.5;温度为20℃。固定化α-淀粉酶、固定化糖化酶和共固定化酶的最适pH分别为6.0、4.5和5.5,最适反应温度分别是60、60℃和55℃。蒙脱石固定化α-淀粉酶、固定化糖化酶和共固定化酶的稳定性均较好,尤其是共固定化酶表现突出。  相似文献   

10.
球形α-壳聚糖固定化糖化酶的比较研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
张剑  王又容  陈进  罗瑜 《中国酿造》2005,(12):15-18
α-甲壳素经高浓度NaOH溶液处理后,制成了3种不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖载体,用戊二醛接枝,与游离酶偶联后便得到固定化酶。固定化酶性质和动力学参数的研究表明,脱乙酰度高的壳聚糖载体固定化糖化酶的性能最好:其酶回收率达75%;最适反应pH6.0-7.5,最适反应温度50℃;米氏常数22.63mg/L,与游离酶(34.62mg/L)相比,对底物的亲和力增强;室温时操作半衰期较游离酶延长6d以上;经过8次重复操作,酶活损失低于5%。由此可见,固定化酶提高了游离酶的贮藏和操作稳定性。  相似文献   

11.
Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.  相似文献   

12.
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.  相似文献   

13.
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.  相似文献   

14.
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.  相似文献   

15.
A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH3CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH2PO4-20.6 mM Na2B4O7 buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.  相似文献   

18.
An investigation is described in which various polyfunctional compounds were applied to wool in attempts to stabilize the temporary improvements in wrinkle-recovery brought about by ‘annealing’. Several reactive systems involving formaldehyde were found to produce the desired permanently improved wrinkle-recovery.  相似文献   

19.
BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.  相似文献   

20.
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