壳聚糖在苹果酒澄清中的应用

研究了壳聚糖对苹果酒的澄清作用,测定了苹果酒经壳聚糖澄清后其主要成分含量的变化。结果表明壳聚糖是一种有效的苹果酒澄清剂,能提高苹果酒的透光率,且不影响果酒中的营养成分和风味;经壳聚糖澄清后的苹果酒具有很好的稳定性。     

苹果酒香气成分研究进展

苹果酒的香气成分是构成苹果酒质量的重要因素,决定着苹果酒的风味和典型性.文中综述了苹果酒中主要的香气成分及其来源,并介绍了国内外苹果酒中香气成分的提取和分析方法.     

不同原料苹果酒的酿造特性研究

以‘金世纪’单一苹果品种及‘金世纪’、‘嘎啦’、‘澳洲青苹’混合（1∶1∶1）苹果品种为原料酿造苹果酒,并对其进行理化指标、多酚物质、香气成分测定及感官品评。结果表明,两种苹果酒理化指标差异不显著（P＞0.05）;混合发酵苹果酒中的酚类物质总量（61.88 mg/L）显著高于单独发酵苹果酒（56.90 mg/L）（P＜0.05）,其中以原儿茶酸、儿茶素、原花青素、表儿茶素和绿原酸为主。香气主要以醇类和酯类物质为主,两种苹果酒中醇类物质含量分别为216.83 mg/L和78.85 mg/L;酯类以乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乳酸乙酯和乙酸己酯为主,前三者在混合发酵苹果酒中含量均显著高于单独发酵苹果酒（P＜0.05）,使其香气更加浓郁和复杂。混合发酵苹果酒在澄清度、回味、香气、风味平衡方面更好,但在色泽方面稍差。因此,混合苹果品种发酵更适合于苹果酒的酿造。     

苹果品种和酿造工艺对苹果酒中酚类物质的影响研究

研究不同苹果品种及加工工艺与苹果酒中最终酚类物质的含量和种类的关系,了解不同苹果酒中酚类物质含量的差异.选用甘肃天水提供的两种不同工艺的6款苹果酒样,测定其中的总酚、酚酸及黄烷-3-醇的含量.苹果酒的总酚含量(以没食子酸计)较高,3种苹果酒中的主要酚类物质中,酚酸主要以原儿茶酸、绿原酸、p-香豆酸以及咖啡酸为主;黄烷-3-醇以儿茶素和表几茶素居多.结果表明,不同苹果品种之间酚类物质的含量及类别差异很大,相同品种的苹果酒中多酚的构成及含量会受到酿造工艺的影响.     

热带假丝酵母对苹果酒风味物质合成的影响

为探究热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)对苹果酒风味物质合成的影响。试验将分离自苹果的1株Candida tropicalis用于苹果酒发酵试验,改变酿酒酵母和Candida tropicalis混菌发酵接种比例,测定苹果酒相关理化指标和挥发性风味物质。结果表明:酿酒酵母和Candida tropicalis不同接种比例下苹果酒中共鉴定出38种挥发性风味物质,包括7种酸、15种醇、7种酯、8种羰基化合物和2种萜烯类化合物。通过热图聚类,酿酒酵母纯种发酵及接种Candida tropicalis的混菌发酵的挥发性风味物质明显区分;酿酒酵母纯种发酵下,以乙酯类化合物的合成为主;而Candida tropicalis添加则主要影响乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、高级醇和呋喃类化合物的合成。基于共现性网络分析表明,Candida tropicalis的加入对苹果酒风味物质相互作用影响较大,提高了苹果酒风味物质的复杂性。试验结果为Candida tropicalis在苹果酒酿造中的应用提供理论数据。     

“减硫法”酿造对苹果酒中挥发性香气成分的影响

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法（HS-SPME-GC-MS）对“减硫法”和常规法酿造的小国光苹果酒中的挥发性香气 物质进行测定和分析。 结果表明,两种苹果酒中共检测到挥发性香气物质66种,包括15种醇类、30种酯类、7种脂肪酸类、3种酮类、6种 芳香族类、3种萜烯类和2种其他类。与常规法酿造相比,“减硫法”酿造有助于提升苹果酒中酯类物质,特别是具有丰富果香和花香的 乙基酯类物质的含量,增加了36.11 mg/L;同时还能有效降低苹果酒中的高级醇,特别是具有酒精味和溶剂味的异戊醇的含量,降低 了14.68 mg/L;但也会降低苹果酒中脂肪族类、芳香族类和萜烯类物质的含量（分别为9.98 mg/L,10.77 mg/L,1.54 mg/L）,造成苹果酒 中乳酪香、烘烤香和部分花香的减弱。 适当减少二氧化硫的使用量可在一定程度上改善苹果酒的香气品质。     

不同酵母菌株发酵苹果酒香气成分比较

试验以鲜红富士苹果汁为原料,选取EC1118、R-HST、QA23、CY3079、RC-212和RA-17六种酿酒酵母菌株进行发酵,采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱与质谱联用技术分析6种苹果酒的香气成分。结果表明,六种不同酵母酿造的苹果酒香气总量分别为13 237.5,16 404.4,14 347.4,16 448.3,12 531.3和18 077.0μg/L。六种苹果酒共检测出61中香气成分,分别检测出50,58,58,60,56和57种香气成分,43种为共有成分。6种苹果酒的主要香气成分都为乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、辛酸乙酯和异戊醇,但其含量差异较大。根据仪器测定和感官评价综合判断,酿酒酵母菌株RA-17发酵的苹果酒风味较好,具有苹果酒的典型风格,适合大众口味。因此,酵母RA-17更适合于苹果酒的发酵。     

顶空固相微萃取法快速测定苹果酒中的香味物质

以顶空固相微萃取法 (HeadSpaceSolid PhaseMicro Extractions,HS SPME)和气相色谱质谱 (GasChromatgraphy MassSpectrometry ,GC MS)联用 ,2 辛醇为内标 ,研究了萃取头、萃取时间、加盐质量浓度、萃取温度对苹果酒中香气物质萃取的影响 ,优化了分析条件 ,建立了快速测定苹果酒中香气物质的方法 .该方法在苹果酒中常见香气物质的质量浓度范围内有良好的线性关系 ,对常见香气物质的定量比较准确     

苹果酒的酶促与非酶促氧化褐变研究

通过对苹果、苹果酒中酚类物质、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的测定表明,氧化褐变贯穿苹果酒生产的始终;酶促氧化在苹果酒生产加工前期占优势,非酶促氧化则一直存在。以(-)-表儿茶素为例,实验中比较了这2种氧化褐变,酶促氧化反应速率是非酶促氧化的约800倍,酶促褐变程度(1.5731/120min)也远大于非酶促褐变(0.4742/316h),且两者的氧化产物也有所不同。苹果酒的氧化褐变是酶促氧化与非酶促氧化综合作用的结果。     

用HPLC测定苹果酒中的酚类物质

确立了用HPLC测定苹果酒中酚类物质的方法，各酚的回收率均在85％之上，说明该方法准确可靠。     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific     

Contamination of animal feed and food from animal origin with mineral oil hydrocarbons

Oils and fats used for the production of animal feed can become contaminated with mineral oil material originating from gas oils (C₁₈-C₃₅) or synthetic oils (poly alpha olefins, C₂₅ to beyond C₄₅). An important cause is assumed to be the discharge of waste oils, such as motor oil and hydraulic oils. Mineral oil material was analysed by on-line LC-GC-FID directly in the fat or in a raw extract from animal feed or foodstuffs. In Switzerland in summer/autumn 1999 concentrations in oils and fats for feed production were often found to be between 100 and 1000mg/kg. In the feeds, the average concentration was around 100mg/kg with values ranging up to a maximum of 1000mg/kg; few samples were free of contamination. In animal body fat, the average concentration determined in summer 1999 was 25mg/kg, with a maximum of 150mg/kg, although in samples from December 1999, contamination was substantially lower. In the fat phase of eggs, the average concentration was 30mg/kg, with a maximum of 80mg/kg. Paraffin oil is used for feed production, which may account for part of the contamination problem (e.g. eggs).