我国密集烤房研究应用现状及发展方向探讨

从密集烤房的具体形式、能源利用、装烟方式和烘烤工艺等方面综述了近几年我国密集烤房相关研究的成果及应用现状,在此基础上,探讨了我国烤烟密集烘烤今后的发展方向.为了使密集烤房在我国更好地应用和推广,提出应加大降低密集烤房使用成本的研究,加强密集烤房对太阳能及"生物质能源"利用以及密集烘烤机理和烘烤工艺的研究.     

流水线分区段烟叶烘烤设备及效果分析

为降低烟叶烘烤成本,实现烟叶工厂化烘烤,在步进式烤房的基础上研制了8隧道30 m流水线烤房。该烤房由装烟区、准备区、烤烟区、降温区和卸烟区5部分组成,其中烤烟区依据干燥要求划分为6个区段,并分别设定温度和相对湿度范围。对烘烤过程中各区段烘烤环境变化进行监测,并对流水线烤房与普通密集烤房的烘烤效果进行对比分析。结果表明:流水线烤房的运行时间为134~146 h,温湿度以及风速的变化均能够满足烟叶烘烤需求;与密集烤房相比,流水线烤房烟叶的鲜干比略有减小,烤后烟叶的橘色烟比例显著增加;中部叶与上部叶的均价分别提高1.36和1.13元/kg,提高幅度6.04%和5.08%;烘烤工效分别提高23.1和25.8 kg/(工·日),烤烟能耗分别减少0.18和0.07元/kg干烟叶。流水线烤房实现了热量的多级高效利用,能够满足烟叶烘烤过程中各时期的需求。     

普通烤房和密集烤房的简单对比

引子:烤烟的烘烤调制是烤烟生产过程中的重要环节,烘烤结果的优劣直接关系到烟叶的品质和烟农的收益。烤房是烟叶烘烤重要的基础设备,先进的烘烤工艺只有通过性能良好的烤房才能产生其应有的效果。下面针对我国烤烟生产中常见的普通烤房和发达国家使用较多的、我国尚处推广阶段的密集烤房作一简单介绍。     

天然气水暖集中供热密集烘烤效果

为研究天然气水暖集中供热密集烘烤效果,以烤烟秦烟96为试验材料,利用25座天然气水暖集中供热密集烤房和燃煤密集烤房,通过进行烤房烘烤对比试验,对两类烤房用工能耗及烤后烟叶等级结构、外观质量、化学成分和感官质量进行了研究。结果表明,与燃煤烤房相比,天然气水暖集中供热密集烤房能耗成本有所增加,但烤后烟叶橘黄烟比例增加,柠檬黄烟比例下降,上等烟比例和均价提高,烟叶外观质量改善,化学成分更加协调,感官质量评价档次更高。天然气水暖集中供热烘烤是一种烘烤用工量少、环境污染小、烤后烟叶质量好的烟叶烘烤新方法。     

谈密集烤房的轴流通风机

用密集烤房烤烟能节省劳力和降低劳动强度,安全性能好,节省燃料,与旧式烤房相比,更重要的是它能保证和提高烟叶烘烤质量。这些优点已被国内外的研究工作和生产实践所证明。因此,越来越受到烟区各级领导的重视和广大烟农的欢迎。无论是用旧式烤房还是用密集烤房进行烘烤作业,都需要通过空气的流动把火炉的热量传给烟叶,并把烟叶所含的水分排除掉。旧式烤房中气流的运动是依靠自然通风方式进行的。而密集烤房则装有机械通风设备,在烘烤     

可调节气流方向的闭式循环热泵烤房的设计应用

针对我国燃煤型烟叶烘烤设备能耗高、污染排放大、烤后烟叶欠柔软等问题,设计了一种可调节气流方向的闭式循环热泵烤房,并进行了烘烤试验。结果表明:热泵烤房升温准,控温稳,能够满足烤烟密集烘烤对温湿度的要求。不同烘烤阶段的冷凝水流出速率有较大差别,随着烘烤的进行冷凝水流出速率逐渐下降。热泵烤房烤后烟叶宽度收缩率和柔软性显著高于燃煤密集烤房,烟叶化学成分含量更适宜,化学成分比例更协调,烤后烟叶感官质量综合得分高于燃煤烤房,烘烤用工及能耗成本每kg干烟减少1.88元。该技术可为提高烟叶烘烤质量提供支持。     

烤房纳米功能涂料在烟叶烘烤中的应用效果

研究了烤房纳米功能涂料在密集烤房和普改密烤房中的应用效果。结果表明,使用烤房纳米功能涂料平均每房烟可缩短烘烤时间14.89h;每kg干烟节煤0.69kg,节电0.14度;降低烤烟的鲜干比;提高烤后烟叶的上等烟比例5.11个百分点,均价提高0.58元/kg;可增加烟叶还原糖和淀粉含量,降低烟碱含量;提高烟叶香气质和香气量,减少刺激性。同时也发现,烤房纳米功能涂料的使用效果因烤房类型、烘烤技术等因素不同而有所差异。     

步进型烤房在烟叶烘烤中的应用

对步进型烤房在烤烟烘烤中的应用情况作了介绍 ,并与普通烤房进行了对比分析。步进型烤房具有如下特点 :①烤房容量大 ,采用分区设计 ;②烘烤环境温湿度恒定 ;③烘烤工艺灵活 ;④可提高烟叶烘烤质量 ,降低烘烤成本     

谈烟叶密集烘烤技术

密集烘烤具有保证烟叶烘烤质量、省工、节省燃料和安全等优点。六十年代在各主产烤烟的资本主义国家推广应用。在我国处于示范推广之中,目前已建成投产的密集烤房已有三千余座。近年来各烟区的科研和有关单位,针对推广中存在的问题,深入社队调查总结,和群众一起在实践中不断改进、试验,使之逐步完善,取得了良好效果。现就密集烘烤技术需要注意的问题谈一些意见,供参考。几年来的烘烤实践表明,采收时的成熟度、装烟密度、平面风速均匀程度,直接影响烘烤技术和效果。密集烤房由于采用机械通风、热风循环、烟夹装烟,其烘烤技术有它的特殊规律,注意掌握其特点,才能发挥密集烤房的优点,达到良好的烘烤效果。     

几种新型密集烤房烘烤效果比较

为探索三明烟区新型密集烤房减工降本性能,通过烘烤试验对生物质颗粒密集烤房、智能化热泵密集烤房、移动式密集烤房及常规密集式烤房4种不同类型烤房的用工成本、能耗、烤后烟叶质量进行了研究。结果表明,与常规密集烤房相比,智能化热泵密集烤房和生物质颗粒密集烤房均能显著降低烘烤用工成本,干烟用工成本分别降低0.66和0.51元/kg,而移动式密集烤房用工成本显著高于常规密集烤房。智能化热泵密集烤房显著降低了烘烤能耗成本,而移动式密集烤房和生物质颗粒密集烤房能耗显著增加。智能化热泵密集烤房和生物质颗粒密集烤房提高了烤后烟叶外观质量和经济性状,上等烟比例分别提高4.70和3.57个百分点;烤后烟叶净均价分别提高3.82和2.81元/kg。移动式密集烤房烤后烟叶经济性状低于常规密集烤房。总的来看,智能化热泵密集烤房和生物质颗粒密集烤房更具有推广价值。     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific