安徽庐江：10万亩稻虾共养中籼稻开镰收割

正9月19日,全国水稻绿色高质高效创建示范片的安徽省合肥市庐江县白山镇金沈村开始进入水稻收获季,大型收割机正在收割500亩稻虾共养的中籼稻。据了解,庐江县在实施乡村振兴战略中,出台现代农业"510"产业提升工程奖补政策,对新建稻渔(虾)共养的新型农业经营主体,每亩给予300元补助。在政策的鼓励下,今年,庐江县稻渔(虾)共养总面积突破10万亩。新     

中科院稻米新品种努力破解“优质稻不高产”难题

<正>由安徽省种子管理总站、安徽省农技推广总站以及安徽农业大学相关专家组成的专家组,对中科院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物所培育的稻米新品种"科辐粳9号"现场测产,在稻虾共养的生态模式下实收亩产569.4 kg,努力破解"优质稻不高产"的农业传统难题。     

湖北:将制定虾稻共作、稻渔种养产业发展规划

正近期,记者在湖北省农业生产暨设施农业项目用地清理整治工作视频会上获悉,湖北省将制定虾稻共作、稻渔种养产业发展规划,力争到2020年,湖北省虾稻共作、稻渔种养规模发展到700万亩,实现亩产千斤稻,亩均增收2000元以上。近年来,湖北省探索出"一水两用、一田双收、稳粮增效、粮渔双赢、生态环保"的虾稻共作、稻渔种养模式,促进了农民增收,为保障粮食安全和生态安全作出了贡献。湖北省发展虾稻共作、稻渔种养面积561万亩,位居全国第一。虾     

长江流域将全面禁渔 小龙虾产业助力渔民转型

正窗口期还有不到半年,2020年长江流域将实施全面禁渔,沿线数十万渔民的安置和转产转业成为迫在眉睫的难题。渔民世代漂泊水上,离开长江、告别熟悉的生产生活方式,他们将何以为生?爬过"风口"的小龙虾,又能否帮助渔民发家致富呢?虾稻共养效益高小龙虾学名克氏原螯虾,原产美洲,作为"最失败的入侵物种",它不仅壮大了中国人的餐桌,如今已占据水产养殖产业中当仁不让的C位。     

我国小龙虾质量安全标准的现状分析

食品质量安全问题已成为社会广泛关注的焦点,小龙虾是近年来兴起的重要的经济虾类,我国是其最大生产国,2018年小龙虾产量高达163.87万t,经济效益多达3697亿元。目前小龙虾的养殖模式主要包括稻虾和塘虾模式,其中稻虾模式已成为主要的生态农业发展模式之一。但是现有小龙虾标准发展滞后,多数由现有食品类标准移植过来,缺乏针对小龙虾品种特点的有关标准,因而对我国小龙虾相关的标准进行梳理,为其标准制定提供依据显得十分必要。本文主要针对小龙虾质量安全、生产、产业现状,分别介绍了与小龙虾相关的质量安全方面的指标参数和限量要求,以及与稻虾综合种养模式相关的生产标准,并针对小龙虾现有相关标准的特点和不足,对其标准研究方向进行展望,以期给我国政府及其标准制定人员提供理论依据和借鉴。     

稻虾连作养出美味龙虾——屈原管理区“屈原龙虾”介绍

正稻虾连作为湖南地区种养殖的特色。稻虾连作是以农业标准化生产方式种植绿色有机水稻、养殖绿色生态小龙虾,实现水稻种植和小龙虾养殖有机结合,做到"一水两用、一田双收、粮渔双赢、生态高效",是典型的高效、低碳、生态的立体种养模式。     

大力发展稻渔综合种 养助推渔业转方式调结构

正近年来,农业部联合有关推广科研教学单位开展了稻渔综合种养新技术模式的试点示范,逐步形成了稻鱼、稻蟹、稻虾、稻鳖等19种典型新技术模式,取得了显著成效。实践表明,稻渔综合种养具有"不与人争粮,不与粮争地"的优势,"一水两用、一田双收",能有效促进粮食生产,极大地促进农渔民增收,同时具有巨大生态效益,是产业扶贫     

江苏省典型稻虾养殖环境和产品重金属分布及风险评价

为探讨江苏部分地区稻田养殖小龙虾养殖环境潜在生态风险和小龙虾中重金属含量分布情况及食用安全性,于2022年3月-6月期间对江苏省稻虾养殖示范基地9个养殖区水质、沉积物和稻虾样品进行采集,并进行重金属含量分析。稻虾水质部分采样点Cu浓度超过有超过GB11607-1989《渔业水质标准》现象,其余四种元素均在限量值范围内。水质综合污染指数评价结果表明该养殖区水质部分时段受到轻微污染影响。沉积物生态风险等级为低风险,Cd是生态风险最大的元素。同一元素在稻虾不同部位的分布有比较显著的差异。部分稻虾肝胰腺砷元素有超标现象,其他四种元素均在GB2762-2017限量值范围内。虾肉、肝胰腺中五种元素THQ值和TTHQ值均小于1,表明长期摄入稻虾虾肉、肝胰腺对人体健康风险不明显,安全性较好。     

湖北潜江将打造虾稻千亿特色产业

<正>-06-16,湖北省潜江市在2019年第十届湖北潜江国际龙虾节暨第三届虾稻产业博览会期间,举行虾稻产业"走出去"战略首场项目签约仪式暨"千人计划"推进大会。近19年来,潜江市虾稻产业形成了集科研示范、选育繁育、生态种养、精深加工、餐饮物流、品牌文化等于一体的完     

《经济日报》:稻渔综合种养无碍粮食安全

正日前,有观点将稻田养虾规模扩大视为粮食安全隐患,引起了广泛关注。笔者认为,这种观点不准确、很偏颇,是对粮食安全的误读。稻渔综合种养以及与之相伴的小龙虾产业发展,不仅有利于稳定粮食产量、改善稻田土质,而且有利于提高农业效益、增加农民收入。稻虾共作面积增长,折射出     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Fungicides in forestry in Great Britain

In Great Britain, fungicides are used in the forest only for the control of root and stem rot, caused by Fames annosus. In forest nurseries they are erriployed on a small scale to control damping-off, grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), needle-cast of pine caused by Lophodermium pinastri, needle-cast of larch caused by Meria laricis, needle blight of Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) caused by Didymascella thujina, and oak mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides).