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1.
测定了10种常用抗菌药物对市售酸奶中分离的57株保加利亚乳杆菌的MIC。结果表明,泰能、克林霉素、林可霉素、头孢唑啉和红霉素对乳杆菌的抗菌或活性最强,MIC90值为0.25~2.0mg/L,敏感率为96.5%~86.0%其次是阿莫西林、复方新诺明、青霉素,其MIC90值为2.0~4.0mg/L,敏感率为84.3%~78、9%。庆大霉素、氯霉素其MIC90值为4.0~16.0mg/L,敏感率为63.2%~59.7%。酸奶中的保加利亚乳标菌存在抗药性,其抗药性基因是否具转移性有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

2.
《食品科学》2006,27(7):51-51
据《纽约时报》网站报道,法国科学家最近公布了酸奶中一种常见细菌——保加利亚乳杆菌的基因序列。这项发表在最新一期《国家科学院学报》上的研究成果揭示了细菌适应新环境的过程。  相似文献   

3.
酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌的分离和鉴定   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
利用MRS琼脂培养基对保加利亚乳杆菌进行分离,分别挑取可疑茵落进行革兰氏染色,对镜检结果为革兰氏阳性菌,且细菌形状为杆状的菌种进行糖发酵试验生物化学鉴定。结论:在MRS琼脂培养基上,菌落较大、透明、灰白色,镜检细菌形状为杆状,麦芽糖和七叶苷发酵试验均为阴性,乳糖发酵阳性的菌种,即为保加利亚乳杆菌。  相似文献   

4.
保加利亚乳杆菌是酸奶发酵剂中常用的菌种,对酸奶发酵有重要的影响。本文介绍了保加利亚乳杆菌发酵和保健特性,并对其抗冻性、抗氧化性及微量元素富集等方面的研究进展进行综述。保加利亚乳杆菌对酸奶的加工过程、后酸化过程及风味、粘度亦有较大影响,在酸奶制品中应用广泛。   相似文献   

5.
符恒  袁爽  陈杰  赵宁  刘永峰 《食品工业科技》2014,(9):360-362,367
保加利亚乳杆菌是酸奶发酵剂中常用的菌种,对酸奶发酵有重要的影响。本文介绍了保加利亚乳杆菌发酵和保健特性,并对其抗冻性、抗氧化性及微量元素富集等方面的研究进展进行综述。保加利亚乳杆菌对酸奶的加工过程、后酸化过程及风味、粘度亦有较大影响,在酸奶制品中应用广泛。  相似文献   

6.
研究了不同来源的7株保加利亚乳杆菌在乳中的生长与发酵特性、后酸化活性以及抗冷冻干燥特性。结果表明,7菌株在乳中42℃发酵,L.b-S1和L.b-DR凝乳时间最短,为3 h,凝乳后的活菌数、pH值、滴定酸度均无显著差别,活菌数均达1×108 mL-1以上,pH值均达4.5~5.0,滴定酸度均达90~100°T;7菌株在发酵后的酸乳中冷藏期间,L.b-S1和L.b-DR的后酸化活性最低,4℃冷藏21 d,酸度上浮不足10°T,pH值下降0.2~0.4,活菌数下降1个log数量级左右;7菌株在以脱脂乳为保护剂的冷冻干燥试验中,L.b-S1抗冻干性最强,其次为L.b-DR,其冻干存活率分别达31.46%和20.39%。  相似文献   

7.
研究得出保加利亚乳杆菌适宜的碳氮源分别为乳糖和牛肉膏,适宜的碳氮比例为6∶1。在10L发酵罐水平上探明了新型培养基的增殖效果,证实保加利亚乳杆菌在优化发酵培养基中42℃培养8h后的活菌数达到3.6×109cfu/mL,增殖效果是经10%脱脂乳培养后的1.5倍。同时发现,当发酵液中乳酸盐浓度高于37.2g/L会抑制菌体生长,亟待发展新技术来解决代谢产物遏制的难题。   相似文献   

8.
保加利亚乳杆菌的特性及其应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
保加利亚乳杆菌是乳酸菌中应用较广的一种,与人类的生活关系密切.文中介绍了保加利亚乳杆菌的生长特性、产酸特性、产香特性、产胞外多糖特性以及其在食品发酵、工业乳酸发酵、医疗保健和饲料行业等领域的应用.  相似文献   

9.
保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)L.b-DR经脱脂乳培养基和MRS培养基活化、菊芋汁复合培养基培养、离心收获菌体,以12%脱脂乳作为冷冻保护剂,进行了冷冻试验。研究了在培养基中添加活性成分、培养基的起始pH值、培养温度、细胞收获的菌龄、保护剂的pH值对细胞冷冻存活率的影响。结果表明:在菊芋汁复合培养基中添加0.1%甘油或0.5%VE、培养基的起始pH值为6.0、37℃培养、对数末期或稳定初期收获菌体、保护剂pH值调至6.0,可显著提高保加利亚乳杆菌L.b-DR的冷冻存活率(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
对酸奶发酵菌种之一--保加利亚乳杆菌的增菌培养基进行了筛选,得到了高活菌数的保加利亚乳杆菌增菌培养基,并进行冷冻升华干燥得到保加利亚乳杆菌的冻干菌种。结果表明:在添加有10%麦芽汁、10%番茄汁、0.05%CaCO3、1.0%乳糖的MRS基础培养基中培养保加利亚乳杆菌18h后活菌数可达到3.96×1011cfu/g。其冻干菌种的活菌数为2.53×1011cfu/g。  相似文献   

11.
    
Lactobacilli are widely used as starter cultures or probiotics in yoghurt, cheese, beer, wine, pickles, preserved food, and silage. They are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). However, recent studies have shown that some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains carry antibiotic resistance genes and are resistant to antibiotics. Some of them may even transfer their intrinsic antibiotic resistance genes to other LAB or pathogens via horizontal gene transfer, thus threatening human health. A total of 33 Lactobacillus strains was isolated from fermented milk collected from different areas of China. We analyzed (1) their levels of antibiotic resistance using a standardized dilution method, (2) their antibiotic resistance gene profiles by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using gene‐specific primers, and (3) the transferability of some of the detected resistance markers by a filter mating assay. All Lactobacillus strains were found to be resistant to vancomycin, but susceptible to gentamicin, linezolid, neomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. Their susceptibilities to tetracycline, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, trimethoprim, ampicillin, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol was different. Results from our PCR analysis revealed 19 vancomycin, 10 ciprofloxacin, and 1 tetracycline‐resistant bacteria that carried the van(X), van(E), gyr(A), and tet(M) genes, respectively. Finally, no transferal of the monitored antibiotic resistance genes was observed in the filter mating assay. Taken together, our study generated the antibiotic resistance profiles of some milk‐originated lactobacilli isolates and preliminarily assessed their risk of transferring antibiotic gene to other bacteria. The study may provide important data concerning the safe use of LAB.  相似文献   

12.
采用K-B药敏纸片法检测了5株具有潜在益生乳杆菌的耐药性,通过质粒消除,分析了菌株质粒与耐药性之间的联系,应用PCR确定了质粒决定的耐药基因。5株乳杆菌对万古霉素、多粘菌素B以及链霉素等7种抗生素普遍表现出抗性,但主要对四环素敏感。采用SDS与SDS-高温两种方法消除戊糖乳杆菌CH8的质粒后,菌株CH8表现出头孢噻吩和氯霉素敏感性。设计β-内酰胺类抗性基因blr、ECP-1569和nps-1以及氯霉素抗性基因cmlA、cat和cmlA1的引物进行PCR,与目的产物测序比对表明,戊糖乳杆菌CH8的质粒上含有β-内酰胺类抗性基因blr,该基因与其头孢噻吩抗性有关。该研究为探讨乳酸菌的抗药基因转移性提供了前期基础,有助于益生乳杆菌安全性评价体系的建立与完善。   相似文献   

13.
为了研究影响保加利亚乳杆菌后酸化的关键基因,为酸奶发酵剂的开发提供分子水平的理论基础.本实验以实验室现有的8株保加利亚乳杆菌作为出发菌株,通过对其生长性能以及对酸敏感性筛选出KLDS1.0207、KLDS1.0205、KLDS1.1001、KLDS1.1011产酸差异性明显的4株保加利亚乳杆菌,通过对4株保加利亚乳杆菌...  相似文献   

14.
    
Bacillus cereus contamination is a major food safety problem for Korean fermented soybean products, but few studies have assessed its potential to cause foodborne illness. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of B. cereus isolated from Korean fermented soybean products. B. cereus was detected in 110 of 162 (67.9%) samples. The highest B. cereus frequency was observed in deonjang (68 of 93 samples, 73.1%) and cheonggukjang (18 of 25, 72.0%); however, nonhemolytic enterotoxin was detected only in 22 of 162 samples (13.6%). Although the tested B. cereus isolates showed diverse pulsotypes according to repetitive sequence‐PCR banding patterns, they displayed similar antibiotic sensitivity spectra. The low frequency of enterotoxin detection suggests that the potential risk of B. cereus foodborne illness associated with Korean fermented soybean products is lower than generally presumed. However, considering the prevalence of B. cereus and the high content of fermented soybean products in the Korean diet, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of contamination with B. cereus and its toxins in such Korean food products.  相似文献   

15.
对从传统乳制品中筛选得到的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种自发突变株KLDS 1.9201-4的遗传稳定性进行研究。将突变菌株进行连续传代,观察形态学变化,利用HPLC分析葡萄糖和乳酸的代谢情况,RAPD分析基因组DNA的稳定性。结果表明,突变菌株KLDS1.9201-4能够稳定遗传至第8代,在传代过程中菌落和菌体特征没有发生明显变化,KLDS 1.9201-4对初始葡萄糖的代谢率逐渐升高,终产物中乳酸的浓度也逐渐升高。KLDS 1.9201-4的基因组DNA相对稳定,没有发生明显变异。弱后酸化德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的自发突变株KLDS 1.9201-4具有适宜的遗传稳定性,可被用于制作弱后酸化的酸奶发酵剂。  相似文献   

16.
保加利亚乳杆菌是发酵乳制品中的常用菌种之一,因此对保加利亚乳杆菌安全性菌株的选育非常关键。以蒙古国传统发酵乳制品中的5株保加利亚乳杆菌为研究对象,对其耐药性进行了初步研究。首先采用肉汤稀释法分析其耐药性,其次利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对其耐药基因进行了检测。结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌对利奈唑胺、氨苄西林、克林霉素、利福平、万古霉素、甲氧苄啶及奎奴普丁/达福普汀全部敏感,对四环素、卡那霉素、氯霉素、庆大霉素、链霉素、环丙沙星、红霉素及新霉素均表现出不同程度的耐药性。基于PCR技术在这些菌株中检测到5种不同的耐药基因(erm(B)、vanX、aac(6')-aph(2')、parC、rpoB),每株都携带2种或2种以上耐药基因。本研究结果可为后续的菌种选育提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
目的分析来自不同地区和宿主的迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda, Et)耐药特性及抗性基因。方法采用VITEK 2 Compact全自动分析系统,利用VITEK 2 Compact AST-GN13(22095)药敏鉴定卡对23株Et进行药敏试验;通过实时荧光PCR法检测抗性基因。结果manE291、ET-0711059、L49231、DT这4株Et对复方新诺明耐药,其中ET-0711059还对包括氨苄西林、庆大霉素等在内的其余7种抗生素耐药,对环丙沙星处于中介耐药。23株Et经氨基糖苷类、四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类等30种抗性基因检测,16%Et含有氨基糖苷类ant(3\")-I抗性基因及磺胺类sul1抗性基因;另有16%Et含磺胺类sul2抗性基因;40%Et含四环素类tetA抗性基因。所有耐药菌株均为鱼源株,6株人源菌株不表现耐药。结论所检测的Et菌株除了1株多重耐药,其余菌株的耐药性并不突出,主要表现为对复方新诺明的耐药。在检测的Et菌株中分布有一定比例的抗性基因,但和耐药性并不完全相关。  相似文献   

18.
《Journal of dairy science》2023,106(1):257-273
Composting is a common practice used for treating animal manures before they are used as organic fertilizers for crop production. Whether composting can effectively reduce microbial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared 3 different dairy manure composting methods—anaerobic fermentation (AF), static compost (SC), and organic fertilizer production (OFP)—for their effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, and microbial community diversity in the treated manures. The 3 composting methods produced variable and distinct effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, zoonotic bacteria, and resistance genes, some of which were decreased and others of which showed no significant changes during composting. Particularly, SC and OFP reduced chloramphenicol resistance gene fexA and opportunistic pathogen Vibrio fluvialis, whereas AF significantly reduced tetracycline resistance gene tetB and opportunistic pathogens Enterococcus faecium and Escherichia fergusonii. The compositions of microbial communities varied significantly during the composting processes, and there were significant differences between the 3 composting methods. In all 3 composts, the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Interestingly, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes remained stable in the entire AF process, whereas they were dominated at the beginning, decreased at the early stage of composting, and rebounded at the later stage during SC and OFP. In general, SC and OFP produced a more profound effect than AF on microbial community diversities, pathogens, and dominant species. Additionally, Enterococcus aquimarinus was isolated from AF for the first time. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States function prediction analysis indicated that the genes related to membrane transport and amino acid metabolism were abundant in the 3 composts. The metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates increased as composting progressed. The biosynthesis of antibiotics was enhanced after fermentation in the 3 composting methods, and the increase in the SC was the most obvious. These results reveal dynamic changes in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, microbial community composition, and function succession in different dairy manure composts and provide useful information for further optimization of composting practices.  相似文献   

19.
部分烤烟种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系的RAPD分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以22份烤烟材料为供试材料,应用RAPD(随即扩增多态性DNA)分子标记技术研究22份烤烟材料之间遗传多样性和亲缘关系.结果表明,第一等级划分(D=0.30)可以将22份材料划分为三大类群.第二等级划分(D=0.23)可以将22份材料划分为六个小类群,其中,一个是由云烟系列与亲本是特字401系选的品种及其杂交后代组成的类群;一个是由多数美国来源品种组成的类群;一个由9804、岩烟97和Coker176三个品种组成的类群;一个由CF965和K07两个品种组成的类群;红花大金元和C2分别独立成类.说明分子标记多态性基本上反映了品种间的遗传变异.本结果为烟草品种改良和杂交种选配,提高育种效率提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

20.
研究NaCl对保加利亚乳杆菌耐氧化胁迫能力及糖代谢生成乳酸的影响。利用平板菌落计数法检测不同浓度H2O2对保加利亚乳杆菌活菌数的影响,利用DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、还原活性作为体外抗氧化能力评价指标,对比添加不同量氯化钠孵育的菌株的抗氧化活性的差别,得到最适浓度NaCl处理后的优化菌。结果表明,H2O2亚致死值为1mmol/L,致死值为2mmol/L。在1mmol/LH2O2胁迫条件下,0.1%~0.3%NaCl对保加利亚乳杆菌存活率及抗氧化活性明显提高,其中0.2%NaCl处理后的保加利亚乳杆菌存活率提升最高是对照组的3倍,抗氧化活性最大。DPPH清除率上升1倍,羟自由基清除率及还原性均增加(P<0.05)。结论:NaCl能够提高保加利亚乳杆菌自身的抗氧化能力,这为提高保加利亚乳杆菌抗氧化性提供理论支持,为综合利用保加利亚乳杆菌提供有力依据。  相似文献   

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