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葛粉与其他淀粉物理特性比较研究(注) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对葛根淀粉的性质及其凝胶特性与玉米、甘薯淀粉进行了比较研究。结果表明:葛根淀粉在透明度、冻融性方面较玉米淀粉差;而凝胶强度较玉米淀粉强。葛根淀粉对酸碱较玉米、甘薯淀粉稳定。 相似文献
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葛根淀粉颗粒性质的研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
本文对葛根淀粉颗粒的性质进行了研究,包括淀粉颗粒的大小、形貌、X—射线衍射图谱、α—淀粉酶的酶水解作用方式等,并与玉米淀粉进行了比较。结果表明:葛根淀粉平均粒度为24.08μm,小于玉米淀粉的38.97μm;葛根淀粉和玉米淀粉颗粒的偏光十字接近颗粒中心,但葛根淀粉颗粒的偏光十字不明显;葛根淀粉的X—射线衍射图谱为C型,玉米淀粉为A型,而两者的结晶度分别为18%和37%;葛根淀粉和玉米淀粉对α—淀粉酶的作用极为敏感,但在酶解方式上,葛根淀粉是在淀粉粒表面形成许多微孔并经脐心进入淀粉粒内部,而玉米淀粉则是被层层水解,在淀粉粒表面形成很少的微孔。 相似文献
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新鲜葛根中总黄酮和淀粉的提取工艺研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据葛根黄酮和淀粉在葛根中的分布情况,探讨了从葛根韧皮部、木质部中提取总黄酮及淀粉的工艺.正交试验结果表明,从葛根韧皮部中提取总黄酮的优化工艺条件:以95%乙醇为浸提溶剂,料液比1:8,浸提时间1h,浸提次数3次,其总黄酮提取率为75.43%.综合考虑淀粉提取率和总黄酮的保留情况,从葛根木质部中提取淀粉的优化浸泡工艺参数:料液比1:4,浆液pH8.5,浸泡时间3h,浸泡温度25℃,其淀粉提取率为85.35%,淀粉中总黄酮含量在0.15%以上. 相似文献
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葛根淀粉的工业化生产及其深加工技术 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文就利用生产木薯淀粉的技术优势,论述了以葛根为原料生产葛根淀粉的工艺方法,并对葛根的采收时间,储藏期限对产品性能的影响等方面进行探讨和研究,认为采收时间在12月至次年2月最佳,储藏期限以一周为宜。取代度0.03 ̄0.06的醋酸酯葛根淀粉走俏国际市场。 相似文献
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糯玉米淀粉提取及理化性质的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以糯玉米为原料,采用湿法提取淀粉工艺,制得淀粉得率高,质量优质的纯净糯玉米淀粉,通过正交实验设计筛选出最佳的提取方案:浸泡温度,浸泡溶液亚硫酸浓度,浸泡时间分别为50℃,0.3%,60h,影响淀粉得率的主要因素是:时间,浓度,温度,糯玉米淀粉较普通玉米淀粉相比具有糊化温度低,黏度高,透明度高等特点。 相似文献
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淀粉作为一种资源丰富的可降解生物原料,在食品、药品、纺织等行业都有着广泛的应用,而未经改性的原淀粉冷水溶解度和冷糊黏度较低,常需加热成糊才能使用,降低了使用的便捷性。冷水可溶淀粉是一种冷水溶解度和冷糊黏度均有大幅度提高的改性淀粉,根据改性后淀粉是否可以保留颗粒形态,可将冷水可溶淀粉分为预糊化淀粉和颗粒状冷水可溶淀粉两大类,二者的制备方法都以物理法为主,但因其制备原理不同,得到改性淀粉的性质和应用范围各异。从两类冷水可溶淀粉的不同物理制备方法出发,综合对比预糊化淀粉和颗粒状冷水可溶淀粉的制备原理和研究现状,并对相关产品的颗粒形态、冷水溶解性、成糊性质、热力学性质以及应用展开系统的总结和介绍,旨在为新型冷水可溶淀粉的开发与应用提供依据。 相似文献
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正交试验法优化马铃薯氧化淀粉制备工艺 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
使用正交试验法优化马铃薯氧化淀粉制备工艺,以马铃薯淀粉为原料,FeSO4为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉,并以羧基含量为评价指标,分别考察反应时间、反应温度、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量、体系含水量等因素对马铃薯淀粉氧化反应影响。得到最优工艺条件为:反应时间3.5h、反应温度60℃、FeSO4在淀粉中质量分数0.025%、H2O2与淀粉摩尔比0.285、反应体系含水量24.000%,在此条件下制得马铃薯氧化淀粉羧基含量为0.530%。 相似文献
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以制备成本基本相当为前提,采用木薯淀粉浆为原料,制备磷酸酯涂布淀粉、醋酸酯涂布淀粉和羟丙基涂布淀粉。通过对3种涂布淀粉的性能研究对比,结果表明:3种涂布淀粉均具有优良的黏结强度、成膜性、流变性和保水性,能满足高浓度淀粉蒸煮糊化、高固含量涂料配制及高速涂布的需要;其中,木薯醋酸酯涂布淀粉的总体应用性能最优,木薯羟丙基涂布淀粉次之。 相似文献
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以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联木薯淀粉,并测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性.提出高交联非糊化木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的在沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with degree of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.1 to 0.32 was prepared from sago ( Metroxylon sagu ) starch in non-aqueous medium using isopropanol as a solvent. The physico-chemical, rheological, and thermal properties of the starches were investigated. At room temperature (25 °C), CMS hydrated readily, resulting in higher swelling power compared with native (unmodified) starch. Light microscopy revealed that CMS granules imbibed more water than native starch at room temperature and thus caused a larger increase in granule size. Some of the CMS granules lost their integrity. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed fine fissures on the surface of CMS (DS 0.32) granules compared with a relatively smooth surface of native starch granules. Carboxymethylated sago starch exhibited excellent dispersibility and cold water solubility as judged by the absence of peak viscosity in the pasting profile (determined by Rapid ViscoAnalyzer). Pasting profile of CMS was qualitatively similar to pregelatinized starch. Despite exhibiting greater swelling power, CMS showed significantly lower pasting viscosity compared with the native starch. Intrinsic viscosity was also greatly reduced by carboxymethylation. Studies using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that transition temperatures and enthalpies decreased with an increase of degree of substitution. CMS at higher substitution levels (DS 0.27 and 0.32) showed significantly lower retrogradation tendency, as indicated by lower setback, absence of DSC endotherm upon storage at 4 °C and lower syneresis upon repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The results suggested that retrogradation might be effectively retarded by the presence of the bulky carboxymethyl group. 相似文献
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Heidi M. Palma‐Rodríguez Gabriel Aguirre‐lvarez Norberto Chavarría‐Hernndez Adriana I. Rodríguez‐Hernndez Luis A. Bello‐Prez Apolonio Vargas‐Torres 《Starch - St?rke》2012,64(11):882-889
Composites of polyvinyl alcohol, native banana starch, oxidized banana starch using glycerol like plasticizer, were studied by mechanical tests (MT), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solubility in water. The oxidized banana starch showed higher level of carboxyl groups than of carbonyl groups. Composites of native banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol and oxidized banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol showed irregularities, indicating incomplete dispersion of the polymers. However, the film elaborated with the blend oxidized banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol showed the highest mechanical properties and the melting temperature of the first transition, as well as the lowest water vapor permeability, indicating higher interaction between both polymers. The composite oxidized banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol showed higher water solubility than the one of its counterpart with native banana starch at 25°C, and similar values were obtained for both films at 60°C. The oxidation of banana starch in order to elaborate a film blended with polyvinyl alcohol improved some mechanical and barrier properties, and this composite could be used for specific applications in the packing of food. 相似文献
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