以玉米粉为原料L-乳酸高产菌株的选育和产酸条件的研究

以玉米粉为原料,米根霉为初始菌株,采用超声波-紫外线进行复合诱变,选育出一株发酵玉米粉产L-乳酸的米根霉菌株NF12,其产酸量较初始菌株提高了21.61g/L。确定了10L罐发酵玉米粉产L-乳酸的最适发酵条件,结果表明:70%装填量,5%接种量,30℃,300r/min,通气流量0.6L/(L·min),溶氧90%,在此条件下进行发酵,L-乳酸产量为83.15g/L。     

无载体固定化米根霉半连续发酵产L－乳酸工艺研究?

为了选择米根霉半连续发酵产L-乳酸工艺参数,通过单因素试验和正交试验,对接种量、CaCO3添加时间、温度、装液量及转速进行了优化,并采用培养基重复发酵,建立米根霉半连续发酵工艺。其中摇瓶半连续发酵条件为：孢子接种量4%,种子接种量10%,发酵开始时添加CaCO3,装液量为20%～30%,0～36h时发酵温度28～30℃、36～72h时发酵温度32～34℃,转速200r/min。7L磁力搅拌发酵罐半连续发酵工艺条件为：搅拌转速为300r/min,通气量为1.25L/(L·min),温度为32℃。发酵罐重复发酵稳定,产L-乳酸最高达到86%。为米根霉半连续发酵产L-乳酸的工业化生产提供了研究基础。     

米根霉发酵木薯淀粉产L-乳酸的工艺优化

以培养基配方（糖化液、蛋白胨、酵母膏、麦芽粉添加量）和培养条件（培养温度、pH、培养时间、接种量）的单因素试验结果为 依据,选取糖化液质量分数、培养时间、pH和培养温度4因素,以发酵液中L-乳酸含量为评价指标,基于Box-Behnken试验设计响应面 法优化了米根霉发酵木薯淀粉产L-乳酸的发酵工艺参数。 结果表明,最优发酵工艺参数为糖化液26%、蛋白胨6 g/L、酵母浸膏4 g/L、 麦芽粉10 g/L、KH2PO4 0.3 g/L、MgSO·4 7H2O 0.4 g/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.3 g/L、CaCO3 45 g/L、培养时间80 h、培养温度29 ℃、初始pH 5.5、接 种量6%。 该优化条件下,发酵液中L-乳酸的含量可达84.33 g/L,发酵液中葡萄糖对L-乳酸的转化率为71.34%,其光学纯度为75.62%, 比旋光度为+2.12。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵生产L-乳酸培养基的优化

对鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵生产L-乳酸的发酵培养基组成进行了研究;通过正交实验得到最佳氮源组合为酵母粉5g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,牛肉膏15g/L;生长因子实验表明,番茄汁和白菜汁的添加量各为10%时,L-乳酸的产量最高;葡萄糖、吐温80、生长因子和氮源的四因素正交实验表明,最佳培养基组成为葡萄糖160g/L,酵母粉5g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,牛肉膏15g/L,吐温80 lmL/L,番茄汁50mL/L,白菜汁50mL/L.用该培养基发酵所得L-乳酸的产量高达143.6g/L,得率为89.8%.     

干酪乳杆菌非连续发酵生产L-乳酸的研究

对干酪乳杆菌非连续性发酵生产L-乳酸的研究结果表明,发酵过程中不添加补料,得到L-乳酸的最大浓度为76.9g/L,L-乳酸的产率为64.1%,最大细胞干重为6.5g/L。而发酵过程进行分批补料的试验结果证明,添加葡萄糖是发酵L-乳酸的有效方法,L-乳酸的最终浓度为90.7g/L,产率为75.5%,细胞干重为8.6g/L。L-乳酸产量提高了17.9%,细胞干重提高32.3%,L-乳酸纯度为95.7%。     

地衣芽孢杆菌发酵淀粉产乳酸条件的优化

主要研究地衣芽孢杆菌转化淀粉生产乳酸的发酵条件。从北京郊区土壤中筛选到一株可发酵淀粉等糖质原料生产乳酸的地衣芽孢杆菌WX51,通过单因素及正交试验,确定了其最佳培养基组成为可溶性淀粉40 g/L,硫酸铵0.5 g/L,KH2PO4 1.36 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.2g/L,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01g/L,NaCl 2g/L,玉米浆0.5g/L,CaCO3 20g/L;最佳培养条件为:250mL摇瓶装液10%,50℃、200 r/min培养40h、接种量2%。经优化后,该菌乳酸产量由28.4g/L提高为36.5g/L,淀粉的转化率由71.0%提高为91.2%,产酸速率由0.6g/(L.h)提高为0.9g/(L.h)。     

米根霉Fp-6利用红薯发酵生产L-乳酸

以高产淀粉的优质红薯品种为原料,采用生产菌株米根霉Fp-6研究不同的红薯预处理方式对高光学纯度L-乳酸发酵的影响,并进行了50 L发酵罐放大试验。结果表明:用制备的红薯淀粉为原料,产酸和发酵周期均与以玉米淀粉为原料相同。当红薯液化液中的有机N含量高于0.25 g/L时,产乳酸量和糖转化率明显下降,副产物富马酸和甘油浓度明显增加,菌体量显著增加。无机N对发酵产酸有促进作用。用去除红薯中部分有机N的液化液进行发酵,在50 L罐中其产乳酸量达91.3 g/L,糖转化率为81.28%,发酵周期48 h。     

一株仅产L-乳酸的乳酸乳球菌发酵培养基的优化

为了研究一株分离自新疆牧民家庭自制酸马奶中的乳酸乳球菌KLDS 4.0325产L-乳酸的能力,以L-/D-乳酸试剂盒验证该菌种在发酵过程中所产L-乳酸的光学纯度为100%。利用Plackett-Burman设计法对影响该菌株发酵的培养基主要组分进行筛选,确定影响L-乳酸产量的主要因素为蔗糖、酵母粉、K2HPO4。在此基础上,采用响应面法优化发酵培养基的组成,结果表明：当蔗糖添加量为102.9 g/L、酵母粉添加量为2.5 g/L、K2HPO4添加量为7.9 g/L时,L-乳酸产量最大,可达86.6 g/L,在最优发酵条件下获得的实测值与模型预测值（86.3 g/L）吻合,说明所建立的模型是切实可行的。     

5L发酵罐产L-乳酸的优化研究

对乳杆菌亚种TL-4的5L罐发酵条件进行了研究.确定了以玉米浆10mL/L,麸皮20g/L为氮源的发酵培养基,通风12h(通风量200L/h,搅拌转速150r/min),发酵56h,以400g/L氢氧化钙为中和剂,产酸达150g/L,转化率达94.62%.并通过二次补糖的分批补料发酵方式,有效地消除了底物抑制作用,使产酸达172.5g/L,转化率达96.27%.氮源成本投入为200元/tL-乳酸左右.     

葡萄糖和木糖共发酵生产L-乳酸的培养基和培养条件响应面优化

为提高米根霉利用葡萄糖、木糖共发酵产L-乳酸的产量,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法进行培养基和培养条件优化的试验方案设计。利用Design Expert软件对其结果进行二次回归分析,获得的最佳产酸条件为：葡萄糖100g/L、木糖50g/L、 (NH4)2SO4 3.0g/L、KH2PO4 0.3g/L、摇床转速180r/min、温度32℃、接种量12%、装液量50mL。该条件下摇瓶发酵72h,L-乳酸产量为119.216g/L,转化率为79.48%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.