玉米膳食纤维在饼干中应用的研究

将玉米深加工副产物玉米皮经适当处理制得高品质膳食纤维，并用于高膳食纤维饼干的生产。通过正交试验，对影响高膳食纤维饼干品质的主要因素进行分析，确定了高膳食纤维饼干的最佳工艺及配方。结果表明：膳食纤维的处理方法对产品感官品质的影响最大，其次是膳食纤维粒度、膳食纤维用量、添加剂用量。玉米纤维经挤出处理，粒度为0．147mm，添加量为16％，疏松剂和乳化剂用量分别为0．4％和0．2％时，产品品质最好。     

玉米膳食纤维在面包中的应用

详细介绍了以玉米渣为原料制取玉米膳食纤维的方法,并对不同比例的玉米膳食纤维在面包生产中的应用做了研究。感官鉴评的正交试验表明,配方为面粉200g,面粉改良剂1．6g,起酥油10g,水75mL, 玉米膳食纤维7％,植物奶油8％,砂糖25％,CSL-SSL 0．2％,单甘酯0．6％,酵母用量1％。经过二次发酵法可以制得具有浓郁自然香味和美好的烘烤外观的玉米膳食纤维面包。     

玉米膳食纤维酸奶的研制

通过试验对玉米膳食纤维酸奶的配方进行优化，对产品质量作出评价。研究表明，玉米膳食纤维酸奶的最佳配方为：玉米膳食纤维添加量为6％，白砂糖添加量为8％，保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的接种量为3％，同时加入0．3％海藻酸钠和0．2％琼脂的复合稳定剂。     

玉米皮渣中黄色素和膳食纤维提取及性质研究

采用正交试验对玉米皮渣中黄色素的提取工艺进行了优化。用提取了黄色素的玉米皮渣残留物制备了膳食纤维,并研究了膳食纤维的理化性质。试验结果表明：玉米皮渣中黄色素提取工艺为：以95％乙醇为提取剂,提取温度为70℃,提取时间为1．5h,料液比为1：12．5。玉米膳食纤维有一定的持水力和膨胀力。玉米膳食纤维吸附饱和脂肪的能力强于吸附不饱和脂肪的能力。玉米膳食纤维吸附亚硝酸根离子的能力在不同的pH值下有所不同．在pH值2时的吸附能力较强,而在pH值7时其吸附力较低。     

玉米膳食纤维对实验性高脂血症小鼠降脂作用的影响

探讨玉米膳食纤维（CDF）对小鼠诱导型高脂血症降脂作用的影响。选用雄性昆明小鼠70只，经高脂饲料诱导成高脂血症模型，按体重和血清总胆固醇水平均衡分为7组，其中6组分别给予添加一定量的玉米膳食纤维构成的高脂饲料，另1组以高脂饲料作为参照组，观察玉米膳食纤维对小鼠体重，食量的影响及每周测定血浆脂质变化。结果表明：添加量在5％以上时小鼠的血清总胆固醇（TC）、血清甘油三酯（TG）显著降低（P〈0．05）和血清高密度胆固醇（HDL-c）5周后有显著升高（P〈0．05）。当玉米膳食纤维的添加量为5％以上时，玉米膳食纤维具有明显的降脂效果。     

中老年高纤维保健营养米粉研制

采用蒸煮、冷冻、干磨、湿磨四种方法制作米粉，对评价结果最好的蒸煮方法所制作的米粉采用多因素正交设计和模糊综合评价产品质量的方法，对米粉中添加玉米膳食纤维的配方进行优化选择。实验结果提出最优配方：玉米膳食纤维3％；大豆粉3％；低聚果糖0．5％。     

玉米膳食纤维在冰淇淋中应用的研究

本研究采用高压蒸煮法和挤压法对玉米膳食纤维进行处理，并对不同处理方法的玉米膳食纤维在冰淇淋中的应用特性进行了研究，通过正交试验分析，确定了适于加入冰淇淋中的玉米膳食纤维种类及其在冰淇淋中的最佳用量。试验结果表明：冰淇淋中添加6％的经挤压处理的玉米膳食纤维效果理想，且不增加冰淇淋稳定剂的用量。此时冰淇淋口感滑润细腻，膨胀率为98％，抗融性最好。     

高温高压挤出处理对玉米皮膳食纤维溶解特性及物性的影响

以高温高压挤出处理的玉米皮为原料提取玉米皮水溶性膳食纤维(S-CDF)、玉米皮水不溶性膳食纤维(I-CDF)[玉米皮酸不溶性膳食纤维(ACI-CDF)、玉米皮碱不溶性膳食纤维(ALI-CDF)],研究挤出前后玉米皮膳食纤维(CDF)溶解特性和物性变化,并对玉米皮水溶性膳食纤维与水不溶性膳食纤维不同比例混合后的物性进行分析。结果表明：在料液比为1:1.5,温度为165℃,喂料速度为15kg/h条件时挤出改性处理最佳,S-CDF提取率提高了68.74%,CDF的溶解性以及S-CDF、I-CDF、ACI-CDF和ALI-CDF的膨胀力、持水力等物性值得到显著提高。玉米皮可溶性膳食纤维与不溶性膳食纤维比例为1:4时物性最佳。     

玉米膳食纤维研究进展

玉米皮是玉米加工和生产的主要副产品之一,目前主要用于饲料工业,造成了资源浪费,附加值相对较低。玉米皮因存有大量的玉米膳食纤维,故是制备膳食纤维的良好原料。针对玉米膳食纤维的生理功能进行总结,对玉米膳食纤维提取和改性的方法以及玉米膳食纤维在食品中的应用进行概述,并对玉米膳食纤维的发展进行前景展望,以期对玉米膳食纤维的研究和产品的开发及其利用提供参考。     

瞬时高压作用对膳食纤维可溶性的影响

采用以微射流均质机为物质基础的瞬时高压作用，对豆渣的膳食纤维进行物理机械处卿，获取了瞬时高压作用处理前后膳食纤维可溶性受到的影响。物料经40MPa高压均质处理和经100MPa和120MPa微射流均质处理后时，其可溶性膳食纤维的含量分别为7．08％、17．51％，24．76％；总膳食纤维含量分别为63．87％、72．19％、69．78％；可溶解性膳食纤维（SDF）含量与总膳食纤维（TDF）含量比值分别为0．1109、0．2424、0．3548；由此可见，经瞬时高压处理后，样品的膳食纤维总含量和可溶性的含量均有所增加。     

木棉纤维与棉纤维结构性能的比较

研究木棉纤维的结构与性能.测试了木棉纤维的长度、线密度、外观形貌、红外光谱、X射线衍射图及拉伸性能,并与棉纤维进行对比分析.结果表明:木棉纤维长度在20 mm左右,线密度约0.68 dtex,投影宽度接近细绒棉,无天然转曲,中空度达90%;木棉纤维中存在有木质素;木棉纤维与棉纤维同属于纤维素Ⅰ晶型,结晶度为46.4%;其强力与断裂伸长率明显小于棉纤维.     

膳食纤维饮料稳定性的探讨

对纤维饮料的稳定性进行了探讨,考察了影响纤维饮料稳定性的因素。实验发现纤维添加量、纤维粒度、纤维种类和稳定剂是影响纤维饮料稳定性的主要因素。结果表明膳食纤维添加量宜控制在6%以下,纤维粒度控制在140目以上,由水溶性纤维制成的饮料稳定性要比由水不溶性制成的高;最佳复配稳定剂的添加量为CMC-Na0.15%、黄原胶0.15%、海藻酸钠0.1%。     

Autoclaving effects on the dietary fibre content of carrots (Daucus carota) and turnips (Brassica napus): an evaluation of different methods

Different methods have been used to evaluate variations in the dietary fibre content of carrots and turnips during autoclaving. Autoclaving was carried out at 121°C under pressure for 15 min. The methods used were the gravimetric (neutral and acid detergent fibre) method, the enzymatic-gravimetric method for (insoluble and soluble fibre and the spectrophotometric method for pectic substances. When the methodologies were compared it was observed that in raw carrots and turnips, the neutral detergent fibre and insoluble fibre contents were statistically different (P<0.05). This was not the case for processed samples of the vegetables. The correlation between the different methodologies was studied. A good correlation was found between neutral detergent fibre and insoluble fibre in raw turnips (r = 0.999). Variance analysis indicated that quantitative variations resulting after thermal treatment were statistically significant (P<0.05) for neutral detergent fibre in carrots (raw = 1.97%, processed = 1.68%), and for pectic substances in carrots (raw = 0.54%, processed = 0.47%) and turnips (raw = 0.33%, processed = 0.25%). Optical microscopy has been used to identify different dietary fibre components in raw and processed samples.     

籽粒苋保健面包的研制(II)——籽粒苋对赖氨酸和膳食纤维的营养强化作用

以 5%、10 %、15%、2 0 %、2 5%籽粒苋粉代替小麦粉 ,制成籽粒苋保健面包。对这类面包中赖氨酸、膳食纤维含量进行分析 ,结果表明籽粒苋粉能明显提高赖氨酸和膳食纤维的含量 ,特别是能改善可溶性膳食纤维与不溶性膳食纤维的配比。与全麦粉面包相比 ,籽粒苋面包中蛋白质的提高率为 0 .58%～ 6 .91% ,赖氨酸含量提高率为 13.50 %～ 56 .57% ,总膳食纤维提高 8.2 6 %～ 39.4 5% ,不溶性膳食纤维提高 7.91%～33.33% ,可溶性膳食纤维提高 9.76 %～ 6 5.85% ;而脂肪的含量则随籽粒苋粉的增加而减少。由于籽粒苋对赖氨酸和膳食纤维具有强化作用 ,使籽粒苋保健面包可以作为高脂血症、糖尿病和肥胖人群的理想食品     

Effects of cellulosic fibre on physical and rheological properties of starch,gluten and wheat flour

In this study, we report on the effects of cellulose fibres of different particle size on changes to dough water absorption and rheology; and on effects of fibre on starch and gluten, separately, at different levels of fibre incorporation (0.1–10%). Water absorption and dough‐mixing properties were affected with fibre incorporation, with 40‐μm fibre incorporation resulting in greater absorption values. Dough stickiness and extensibility were affected by cellulose fibre particle size, and decreased with increasing fibre addition. Flour or starch and fibre mixtures were evaluated using a Micro ViscoAmlyoGraph (MVAG), and the resulting gel firmness was measured using a texture analyzer. MVAG peak and final viscosities of flour samples decreased with increasing fibre content. Starch–fibre interactions followed a similar trend as flour–fibre treatments. Gluten–fibre interactions were also measured using a Gluten Peak Tester on flour–fibre and gluten–fibre mixtures. Cellulose fibre enhanced the kinetics of gluten aggregation.     

Influence of solvent extraction on the dietary fibre fractions of alfalfa protein concentrates

“Freezing curd” was prepared from alfalfa juice and extracted with 2-propanol, either untreated or after washing with water. The soluble and insoluble dietary fibre fractions of the two extracted concentrates and the unextracted freezing concentrate were analysed to assess the effect of extraction on fibre content. Compared with unextracted “freezing curd”, direct extraction with 2-propanol without washing increased the insoluble and soluble dietary fibre fractions by approximately 55% and 52% respectively, while washing with water followed by extraction with organic solvent led to an increase of about 79% and 28%, respectively. Thus, the washing with water lowered the soluble fibre by around 16%. Analysis of the ash and proteins in the crude fibre residues showed that while the ash content was similar in the residues for both the soluble and insoluble fibre, the protein content was much higher in the insoluble fibre residue.     

Physicochemical and technological properties of beef burger as influenced by the addition of pea fibre

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and sensory attributes of beef burgers with the addition of pea fibre as a partial substitute of meat or fat. Three formulations were prepared: control (CON) – similar to the commercial formulation; fibre/less meat (FLM)—5% meat reduction and addition of 1% pea fibre; fibre/less fat (FLF)—7% fat reduction and addition of 1% pea fibre. Non-significant differences were obtained for pH, colour parameters (L* and b*), texture profile, cooking loss and size reduction among formulations. Moreover, sensory analysis with consumers of beef burgers did not indicate differences among the formulations for all the analysed attributes. Therefore, pea fibre is a promising partial replacer for meat and fat in beef burgers due to the preservation of technological parameters and sensory acceptance.     

Dietary fibre content and antioxidant activity of Manto Negro red grape (Vitis vinifera): pomace and stem

The general composition of two by-products of the vinification process of the Manto Negro red grape (Vitis vinifera) variety, namely pomace and stem, were determined. Both by-products present high contents of total dietary fibre (TDF), comprising three fourths of the total dry matter. The pomace had high protein (12.2%) and oil (13.5%) values and the stem large amounts of extractable polyphenols (11.6%). Due to the high fibre content, the soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), uronic acids (UA) and Klason lignin (KL) were analysed in both samples. Notable were the high percentage of soluble fibre (15%) in relation to the total dietary fibre for the pomace, as well as the high content of Klason lignin (KL) in both by-products, especially in the stem (31.6%). This fraction (KL) has important amounts of condensed tannins (CT) and resistant protein (RP).     

麦草半化学浆制备过程中疏解和磨浆处理纤维特性研究

主要研究了麦草半化学浆在低浓疏解和高浓磨浆条件下的制浆工艺,为麦草半化学浆的生产提供一种新的工艺方法。实验结果表明,麦草半化学浆在3%~4%的浓度下疏解,浆料分解为较粗的纤维束团;疏解后的浆料浓缩至6%~7%的较高浓度下进行磨浆处理,纤维束充分分散成单根纤维。纤维形态、长度和手抄片物理特性分析结果表明,此工艺条件下相对减少了对纤维的切断作用,增强了纤维的分丝帚化作用,有利于提高浆和纸的质量。     

利用牛蒡渣提取高活性膳食纤维的工艺

以牛蒡渣为原料 ,提取水溶性膳食纤维和水不溶性膳食纤维。正交试验结果表明 ,提取水溶性膳食纤维的适宜条件为 :温度 80℃ ,pH 2 0 ,时间 90min ,V (原料 ) :V (水 ) =1∶10 ,得率为1 0 % (以干渣计 ) ,成品色泽呈淡黄色 ,气味较好 ;水不溶性膳食纤维的提取条件为 :温度 60℃ ,pH2 0 ,时间 60min ,V (原料 )∶V(水 ) =1∶5 ,得率为 8 5 % (以干渣计 ) ,成品色泽呈白色 ,气味淡 ,其膨胀力高达 6 5mL/g ,持水力为 72 0 %