高纯度低聚糖的研制

低聚果糖具有优越的生理功能，但是普通级低聚果糖产品含有近50％葡萄糖，蔗糖和果糖，它们没有特殊的功能，并且可能会损害低聚果糖的生理功能。为了制备高纯低聚果糖，已开发了一些新的技术，例如，采用固定化黑曲霉细胞和葡萄糖异构酶，或采用一种由葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化酶组成的双酶体系的酶处理方法和采用模拟移动床的离子交换法。本简单地介绍了这些工艺。     

共固定化生产高含量低聚果糖的研究

生产低聚果糖过程中，副产物葡萄糖抑制酶反应，降低了产物中低聚果糖的含量。本文采用两种固定化方法，通过去除或转化葡萄糖，从而制备出高含量的低聚果糖。首先以２％戊二醛和０．１％丹宁于２０℃时处理固定化黑曲霉菌体与葡萄糖氧化酶，将菌体与酶共包埋得到固定化颗粒，所得到的共包埋产物于５０℃ｐＨ５．０条件下与５０％蔗糖溶液摇瓶反应２４ｈ，得到７１％的低聚果糖；又采用固定化黑曲霉增殖细胞与固定化葡萄糖异构酶协同作用方法，将５０％蔗糖溶液通入柱式反应器，连续生产得到高含量低聚果糖，产物中低聚果糖和果糖含量分别为６３％和１６％。     

低聚果糖研究进展

介绍国内外以蔗糖为基质用活菌体或酶，采用间歇式或连续式生产低聚果糖的方法，以及生产中采用酶母菌、葡萄糖氧化酶、葡萄糖异构酶、糖苷酶消除葡萄糖，提高低聚果糖产率的几种途径。     

低聚果糖制备的研究进展

对近年来国内外生产低聚果糖所用的酶和产酶菌种 ,酶、细胞和菌丝体的固定化技术 ,固定化载体及高纯度低聚果糖制备的研究进展进行了综述 .在此基础上指出 :在低聚果糖的制备过程中 ,主要应考虑降低生产低聚果糖时的葡萄糖生成量、寻找高酶活力菌株、研究简便的固定化方法、寻找更加适宜且廉价的固定化载体 .     

利用重组葡萄糖脱氢酶提高低聚果糖纯度

用IPTG（诱导基因工程菌）M15／pQE31-gdh表达葡萄糖脱氢酶，纯化，该重组葡萄糖脱氢酶用于高纯度低聚果糖生产研究。以含量为51．11％（低聚果糖／总糖）低聚果糖的产品为底物，葡萄糖脱氢酶（5U／g总糖）作用2h，将低聚果糖含量提高到61，37％，消除了48，81％的葡萄糖。以30％（w／v）蔗糖为底物，利用有果糖基转移酶活性的米曲霉GX0015（15U／g总糖）作用6h后，加入葡萄糖脱氢酶（5U／g总糖）协同作用4h，得到成分为：低聚果糖含量76．87％、葡萄糖11．05％、蔗糖含量5.21％的产品。由果糖基转移酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶组成的系统能够有效降低葡萄糖含量，提高低聚果糖含量。     

益生元的生理功能、制造和应用(二)

为了改变消费者的不良饮食习惯,减少环境污染及抗生素的不合理使用而导致的微生态失调,详细介绍了益生元的制备方法,同时介绍了Fm型低聚果糖、GFn型低聚果糖(蔗果低聚糖)、生产蔗果低聚糖的酶、低聚果糖的理化性质和应用、低聚木糖的生理功能和制法、木聚糖酶、低聚木糖的性质和组成.     

双酶协同转化龙眼汁中蔗糖生成低聚果糖

目的 探究葡萄糖氧化酶协同果糖基转移酶转化龙眼汁中蔗糖生成低聚果糖、并减少龙眼汁葡萄糖含量的效果,实现减少龙眼汁中热量糖含量制备出低热量龙眼汁。方法 以天然龙眼汁为原料,通过控制不同的酶添加次序、酶添加量、龙眼汁体系pH和酶处理时间的单因素变量法,探究葡萄糖氧化酶协同果糖基转移酶转化龙眼汁中蔗糖生成低聚果糖的较优工艺条件;采用高效液相色谱法测定龙眼汁中游离糖组成及含量。结果 采用两种酶分段处理的方法,控制葡萄糖氧化酶添加量为60 U/g、反应温度为35℃、初始pH值6.0、饱和碳酸钙溶液添加量9.6%、通氧处理时间4 h,可有效消耗龙眼汁中原始葡萄糖和转化过程中产生的葡萄糖,使葡萄糖消耗率达到93.56%,并使龙眼汁中低聚果糖占比由果糖基转移酶单独处理时的31.72%提高到了58.08%。结论 采用葡萄糖氧化酶协同果糖基转移酶处理龙眼汁的方法,能有效降低龙眼汁中热量糖含量,制备出低热量龙眼汁。     

酶处理促进龙眼果汁中蔗糖的转化和低聚果糖的生成

为了降低龙眼果汁中的蔗糖含量和制备一种富含低聚果糖的龙眼果汁,本研究以龙眼果汁为原料,探讨底物浓度、底物pH、果糖基转移酶添加量、酶处理温度和时间等单因素对果汁中蔗糖的转化和生成低聚果糖的影响。采用液相色谱法(HPLC)分析酶转化前后果汁中蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、低聚果糖含量的变化。结果表明,底物浓度、pH、酶用量、温度和处理时间等因素对龙眼果汁蔗糖转化和低聚果糖的生成有显著影响(p0.05)。在底物浓度30 oBrix、pH 6.0、酶用量9 U/g、55℃下转化7 h的龙眼果汁,蔗糖含量从164.36 mg/m L减少至22.34 mg/m L,生成的低聚果糖含量为97.88 mg/mL,占果汁中总糖的38.21%。利用果糖基转移酶处理龙眼果汁,能有效降低果汁中的蔗糖含量,获得一种低热量且富含低聚果糖的功能性果汁。     

粉状高浓低聚果糖和葡萄糖酸钙的生产

粉状高浓低聚果糖和葡萄糖酸钙的生产刘耀东等（台湾糖业公司糖业研究所）由果糖转移酶从反应液蔗糖中生成低聚果糖的最高转化率仅为５０～６０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）。由于有一定量的葡萄糖和蔗糖存在于所产低聚果糖中，特殊用途之低聚果糖仍未可获。采用果糖转移酶和葡萄糖氧化酶...     

菊芋低聚果糖生产及前景展望

近年来,以现代新技术分离精制而成的低聚果糖,在国际上已被公认为具有较高的营养价值和保健作用。低聚果糖是功能性低聚糖,具有抗龋齿、调节肠道茵群、提高机体免疫力、降血压、降血脂及促进钙吸收的优良生理功能。本文综述了低聚果糖的生理功能和生物发酵法生产,同时阐述了国内外的研究现状及发展趋势。     

益生菌乳酸发酵提高低聚果糖含量生产的新方法

研究报告了一种新的提高低聚果糖(FOS)含量的生产方法。以市售低聚果糖为原料,通过添加甜菜碱进行益生菌乳酸发酵,将原料中可发酵性糖葡萄糖、果糖转化为乳酸,蔗糖部分转化为乳酸,使原料中低聚果糖的含量由51%提高到84%,而发酵液无需进行菌体分离即可用于食品加工,为低聚果糖的生产提供了一种低成本、高效率的纯化方法。     

低聚果糖--一种新型的功能性食品基料

介绍了低聚果糖作为新型功能性食品基料的优异性能，并且对其安全性进行了评价；较详细地介绍了低聚果糖的酶法生产及其在食品中的应用情况。在此基础上对低聚果糖的应用前景进行了一些展望。     

Production of functional oligosaccharides through limited acid hydrolysis of agave fructans

A controlled acid thermal hydrolysis process of fructans from agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul) was designed to produce a mixture of functional prebiotic fructooligosaccharides and sweetening power. Despite its highly branched structure, first-order kinetic behaviour with respect to substrate concentration was found with an activation energy of 95 kJ/mol, similar to the value found for other linear fructans such as chicory inulin. Fructose equivalent (FE) an analogous parameter to dextrose equivalent (DE) used in the starch industry was introduced to characterise fructan hydrolysis; maximum oligosaccharide production was observed when fructose equivalent (FE) reached 27–48 with a structural profile analysed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography HPAEC-PAD. After hydrolysis, glucose and fructose may be eliminated through a biological purification step involving the addition of Pichia pastoris cells, which selectively consume these sugars but are unable to metabolise fructooligosaccharides.     

低聚果糖的性质及其应用展望

介绍了低聚果糖作为新型保健品的优异性能 ,并在此基础上对低聚果糖的应用作了一些展望。     

Fructooligosaccharides Impact on the Hydration and Retro-Gradation of Wheat Starch and Gel

In the present work, the hydration and retro-gradation of mixtures of wheat starch and fructooligosaccharides in diluted hydrated matrixes were discussed. Rapid Visco-Analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction were used to determine the properties of the mixture of wheat starch and fructooligosaccharides. Swelling of the wheat starch showed significant changes when the addition of fructooligosaccharides surpassed 0.1 g/g starch. Water absorption index showed obvious change but there was no regular variation. The water solubility index of starch increased after adding the fructooligosaccharides and the highest value was up to 19.85 as compared with the control (3.61). There was no significantly change for the pasting parameters of the mixture. Fructooligosaccharides significantly affected the enthalpy of wheat starch from the result of differential scanning calorimeter analysis, and enlarged the freezing scope of the mixture gel (from –23.09 ± 0.25ºC to –38.85 ± 0.32ºC). The melting enthalpy of sample with fructooligosaccharides decreased by 9.9 J/g as compared with the control. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy results showed that there were no obvious differences between the samples with or without fructooligosaccharides except that the O–H stretching vibration of hydrogen bond of the mixture gel strengthened after storage for 2 or 4 days. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated fructooligosaccharides should be conductive for starch to form fine gel structures and could inhibit the retrogradation of wheat starch. X-ray diffraction spectrum further illustrated the fructooligosaccharides could interfere with the retrogradation of wheat starch during storage.     

低聚果糖在香菇酸奶中的应用研究

以纯牛奶为主要原料,加入低聚果糖后接种进行乳酸发酵,然后加入香菇菌汁;研究低聚果糖对双歧杆菌的增殖作用,通过正交试验确定了香菇菌汁的添加量、接种量以及稳定剂的添加量,从而得出一个最佳配方：香菇汁添加量为10％、接种量为4％、稳定剂为0,3％o、低聚果糖的添加量（按每天每人8g计算,按人均摄取酸奶300ml计算）为0.027g／ml左右为宜。     

菊粉酶解及其酶解液对实验性糖尿病动物血糖影响的研究

以10％菊粉提取液为原料,在固定化酶与底物体积比为1：5、pH45、温度50℃、搅拌速度148r／min的条件下,用固定化菊粉酶酸解3h,转化率可达87％。酶解产物中,果糖占76％,葡萄糖占13％,低聚果糖占11％。此酶解液用于实验性糖尿病大鼠试验,证明血糖基本保持不变,而对照组大鼠的血糖升高30％左右。且酶解液中所含的低聚果糖又是对健康有益的双歧杆菌生长因子。故此酶解液可望开发为适合糖尿病患者饮用的产品。     

Polydextrose as Wall Material for Microencapsulation of Yacon Juice by Spray Drying

The juice from yacon roots was encapsulated by spray drying using polydextrose and gum Arabic as wall materials. The effects of the concentration of the encapsulating agents and drying temperature on total phenolics, antioxidant activity, fructooligosaccharides, moisture content, water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity, color, and morphology of the microparticles were investigated to assess the potential use of polydextrose as wall material. The microparticles produced with polydextrose showed retention of bioactive compounds and physicochemical characteristics similar to those produced with gum Arabic. The phenolic retention ranged from 73.67 to 85.49 %, and the antioxidant activity by DPPH varied from 80.78 to 90.58 %. The fructooligosaccharides have undergone little depolymerization into simple sugars even at high temperatures. With respect to the physicochemical characteristics, high stability (low moisture and water activity), low hygroscopicity, and high solubility were observed in the microparticles. The spray dried samples showed a hue angle close to 100, indicating yellow color of the particles. Regarding the microstructure, particle agglomeration was observed in both treatments, probably due to the hygroscopic characteristic of the spray dried powders.     

β-呋喃果糖苷酶活力高效液相色谱检测法的建立

β-呋喃果糖苷酶被广泛应用于功能性食品低聚果糖的生产,它同时具有水解活力和转移活力,在不同条件下,两种活力分布并不一致.本文比较了β-呋喃果糖苷酶活力的三种测定方法.采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法,样品处理简单、成本低廉,但准确度低,宜于工业化生产和实验室粗放测定时使用;测总还原糖和葡萄糖联用法,是对DNS法的改进,但操作复杂、误差较大;高效液相色谱检测法,操作成本较高,但具有灵敏度和准确度高的特点.建立了β-呋喃果糖苷酶活力的高效液相色谱检测法,以浓度为25%(W/V)的蔗糖为酶反应底物,通过检测反应体系中葡萄糖和果糖的含量可准确计算β-呋喃果糖苷酶的水解活力和转移活力,实验结果令人满意.     

Prolonging the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum through the addition of prebiotics into the medium

Abstract: This article reports on the effects of prebiotics on the growth/death kinetics, metabolism, and biomass production by 2 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (c19 and DSMZ 2601, isolated from table olives and purchased from a Public Collection, respectively). The research was divided into 3 different steps, in order to highlight the optimal combination for cell viability and experiments were performed under the conditions of an accelerated shelf life test; thus, 3 combinations were pointed out (fructooligosaccharides [FOS], 5 g/L; glucose + inulin, 2.5 + 2.5 g/L; glucose + FOS, 2.5 + 2.5 g/L). A sample containing only glucose was used as control. The results highlighted that the 3 combinations aforementioned prolonged cell viability over the time both under low and high inoculum conditions (3 and 9 log CFU/mL, respectively); however, FOS alone caused a reduction of biomass production, even if cell number was not affected by this compound. Therefore, as a final result of this research, the combination glucose + FOS could be proposed as a suitable mean to achieve an optimal production of biomass and prolong cell viability over the time. Practical Application: Food producers require a prolonged viability of probiotic bacteria in functional foods; this goal is usually achieved by refrigeration. In this article, the prolongation of cell viability through the addition of prebiotics was proposed.