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1.
水产品在人类营养和健康中扮演重要角色。随着水产养殖业和国际贸易的发展,其市场和消费群体不断增多;由此水产品引发的过敏问题也逐渐增多,已成为世界性的重大食品安全问题之一。水产品的主要过敏原是小清蛋白(parvalbumin)和原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin,TM);另外,卵清蛋白、胶原蛋白(collagen)、精氨酸激酶(arginine kinase)、肌球蛋白轻链(myosin light chain)、肌钙结合蛋白(sarcoplasmic calcium binding pro-tein)等过敏原也扮演重要角色。基于此本文综述了水产品过敏原致敏机制、过敏原的种类、水产品致敏性的消减方法,并展望了水产品过敏原今后的研究方向和发展趋势。  相似文献   

2.
高静压对水产品加工及其致敏性影响的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
水产品过敏已成为当今世界性的重大卫生和食品安全问题之一。高静压作为一种新的非热加工技术, 在水产品中具有潜在的应用前景。本文介绍了高静压加工的基本原理、高静压加工在水产品中的应用、水产品过敏的流行性, 重点阐述了水产品过敏原蛋白类型及特性、高静压对过敏原蛋白结构及其致敏性影响的研究概况, 提出了今后高静压水产品加工和过敏原蛋白研究的方向和建议。  相似文献   

3.
水产品因其营养丰富,越来越受消费者喜爱。近年来,随着水产品产量和消费量逐年增加,水产品引发的食物过敏也日益增多,已经成为一个食品安全问题。随着食品加工技术及生物技术的提高,人们对过敏原性质的研究及过敏原分离纯化方法不断深入,利用食品加工技术降低食物过敏原致敏性越来越受到大家的关注。低致敏性食品是水产品开发的一个重要方向,很多研究学者对如何降低水产品致敏性进行了深入的研究。本文对水产品过敏原消减技术研究进展进行了概述,简单介绍了水产品过敏的现状及主要过敏原,详细介绍了最常用的5种消除方法,分析了低致敏水产品的发展趋势,以期为低致敏性食品开发提供理论指导。  相似文献   

4.
食物过敏是免疫性疾病,也是一个食品安全问题.目前国内外对食物过敏原及消减方法研究较多,本文介绍了应用超高压技术消减水产品过敏原方面的研究进展,为我国低过敏性水产品深加工提供了一定的参考.  相似文献   

5.
水产品因营养丰富、味道鲜美而深受消费者喜爱,但水产品也是容易引起食物过敏反应的一类食品。目前, 全球水产品的加工难以满足过敏人群对食用安全性的需求,且针对水产品过敏的治疗,也尚无特效药物。因此,食用水产品能危害潜在过敏人群的健康,降低其生活水平。近年来,随着全球过敏发病率的上升,水产品致敏蛋白的研究已成为全球关注的公共卫生问题之一。本文介绍了水产品中的钙结合蛋白、原肌球蛋白、精氨酸激酶、肌球蛋白轻链、血蓝蛋白等主要致敏蛋白的生化特性及其抗原表位,阐述了基于致敏蛋白及其DNA为基础的酶联免疫吸附法、质谱法、生物传感器法、聚合酶链式反应检测水产品致敏蛋白的方法,同时介绍了利用物理、化学和生物方法消减致敏蛋白致敏性的研究现状,在此基础上提出了水产品致敏蛋白研究和应用中存在的问题及其发展趋势,旨为进一步认识水产品致敏蛋白,开发低致敏或无致敏性水产食品提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
水产品因鲜美的味道和丰富的营养而深受消费者青睐。水产品属于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织认定的过敏食物,其在加工、运输、贮藏过程中有可能受到外来过敏原的污染,由此引起的食品安全问题日益严峻,严重制约了行业的发展。明确水产食品中的过敏原,并利用适当的检测技术进行检测、监控,有利于预防水产食物过敏疾病的发生。本文概述水产食品中的主要过敏原,以及基于基因水平的核酸检测技术、蛋白水平的免疫检测技术及质谱检测技术研究进展,为丰富水产品过敏原及其检测手段提供理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
蟹类是我国重要的经济水产品,也是诱发过敏反应的主要食物之一。因此,了解蟹类水产品过敏原种类及抗原表位,探究有效的蟹类致敏性消减技术等极为迫切。阐明蟹类水产品过敏原及其抗原表位是消减其致敏性的重要前提,概述了国内外分离鉴定的蟹类水产品过敏原,包括原肌球蛋白、精氨酸激酶、肌质钙结合蛋白、磷酸丙糖异构酶、细丝蛋白c等;总结了利用生物信息学技术、噬菌体展示技术、一珠一化合物技术等定位分析蟹类水产品过敏原的线性表位和构象表位概况。比较了辐照技术、超声技术、美拉德反应技术、酶法交联技术、微生物发酵技术等现代加工处理方法,或修饰过敏原抗原表位或破坏过敏原蛋白质结构,从而消减蟹类水产品过敏原致敏性。着重分析了蟹类水产品过敏原的未来研究趋势,提出蟹类水产品过敏原结构与致敏性的构效关系解析是该领域的研究难点;对比了物理法、化学法、生物法在蟹类水产品致敏性消减方面的优缺点,提出未来重点发展复合加工处理方式,以便更大程度地降低过敏原致敏性,从而为低致敏性的蟹类食品或生物制品的开发提供技术依据。  相似文献   

8.
甲壳类水产品味道鲜美,营养丰富,广受消费者喜爱,但可诱发机体产生严重过敏反应,甚至危及生命,已成为全球范围内日益严重的食品安全问题。概述了目前已鉴定的甲壳类水产品过敏原的结构和免疫性质,及其致敏性消减技术原理和研究进展;已报道的甲壳类水产品过敏原有原肌球蛋白、精氨酸激酶、肌质钙结合蛋白、肌球蛋白轻链、磷酸丙糖异构酶和血蓝蛋白等,其中原肌球蛋白为甲壳类水产品的主要过敏原,可与72%~98%的甲壳类食品过敏患者血清产生特异性IgE反应。利用物理加工消减甲壳类水产品过敏原致敏性,主要通过传统热处理、微波、超高压、低温等离子体和辐照等物理作用力诱导蛋白质变性,进而破坏蛋白质的致敏性表位;酸处理和糖基化等化学修饰消减技术可以通过改变过敏原结构、形成新化学键等方式掩盖或直接破坏致敏性表位;酶处理和发酵处理等生物修饰消减技术则直接降解过敏原致敏性表位。未来仍需要通过过敏表位的靶向消减、多种消减技术协同、动物与人体试验开展,探究过敏原结构和表位修饰的影响机制,推进过敏原消减技术的实际应用,为低敏甚至脱敏甲壳类食品的研发提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
凡纳滨对虾是一种营养价值高且具有致敏性的水产品,其引发的过敏反应逐渐引起研究者的重视。本文综述了凡纳滨对虾中4 种分子质量在20~80 ku范围的过敏原蛋白(即原肌球蛋白、精氨酸激酶、肌球蛋白轻链以及肌浆结合蛋白)的性质、分子组成、空间结构及其各蛋白的致敏表位等诸多方面,这些将十分有益于更好了解这些过敏原蛋白的致敏机理以及降低过敏原性。  相似文献   

10.
原肌球蛋白(Tropomyosin)是一种具有重要调节功能的蛋白质,在很多动物中起着重要作用,但大多数原肌球蛋白都能引发食物过敏反应。本文综述了原肌球蛋白性质功能、原肌球蛋白与疾病和健康的关系以及原肌球蛋白过敏性的消减研究,为进一步对原肌球蛋白过敏原的研究提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

11.
12.
ABSTRACT: Seafood allergy is a common and major cause of food allergy in adults. In recent years, seafood allergy has become a serious problem with the increase of seafood consumption. To develop a rapid allergen detection method based on the affinity of antigen‐antibody interaction, fish major allergen, parvalbumin, was used for kinetic analysis by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. Anti‐parvalbumin murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) EG8 was immobilized onto a carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) surface. By the injection of various concentrations of purified carp parvalbumin (CPa), a standard curve and the affinity constants (KD and k*) for the MAb EG8‐CPa model system were determined. In addition, kinetic data were also obtained by the injection of serial dilutions of extracts from seafood products: sardine fish cake (tsumire) and dried skipjack tuna (katsuonut). Sardine tsumire and katsuonut contained 0.11 mg/kg and 0.39 mg/kg parvalbumins, respectively, where affinity constants KD and k* were almost similar among paralbumins from different sources. In the SPR system, the allergen can be detected only for 5 min according to the allergen‐MAb binding interaction. Consequently, by the use of a SPR biosensor, kinetic analysis based on the allergen specific MAb would be a rapid and powerful tool for allergen detection and quantification.  相似文献   

13.
Seafood products are important sources of proteins, polyunsaturated lipids and phospholipids, and also of numerous micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). However, they may also present chemical contaminants that can constitute a health risk and that must be considered when evaluating the risk/benefit associated with consumption of this group of foods. Toxic metals and metalloids in seafood, such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb), are subjected to legislative control in order to provide the consumer with safe seafood. This review provides an exhaustive survey of the occurrence of these toxic metal(loid)s in seafood products, and of the risk resulting from their consumption. Consideration is given to aspects related to speciation, food processing, and bioavailability, which are key factors in evaluating the risk associated with the presence of these toxic trace elements in seafood products.  相似文献   

14.
Food allergy is a serious disease worldwide; it can significantly lower the standard of living of affected individuals and may be life-threatening. In particular, hypersensitivity to seafood has been increasing in recent years owing to rising consumption. The mucosal immune system plays a critical role in the onset of seafood allergy and other allergic diseases. Recently, experimental and clinical evidence has shown that probiotics significantly modulate immune responses and thus suppress allergic reactions. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the basic knowledge of seafood allergy, the mucosal immune system, and probiotic activities. We also reviewed the critical immune factors involved in allergic reactions, as well as the potential mechanism and the potential use of probiotics to ameliorate seafood allergy. The elucidation of these topics may help us to develop preventive and therapeutic approaches for seafood allergy and other immune disorders in the future.  相似文献   

15.
Seafood is a common cause of food allergy. Allergic reactions are reported by consumers following ingestion of seafood meat and by processing workers after occupational exposure to seafood by inhalation of vapors generated during cooking. Although seafood allergy is commonly observed in clinical practice, its precise prevalence is not established. Based on our estimates, approximately 100,000 to 250,000 Americans are at risk of developing allergic reactions to seafood products. In this study, skin testing, in vitro assays and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge were employed to investigate seafood allergy in shrimp-allergic individuals. As in most food allergy studies only 1/3 of the alleged shrimp-sensitive subjects had a positive shrimp challenge test. The combination of a positive shrimp skin test and shrimp RAST (>11% bound) had the best predictive value (87%) for a positive challenge response. Although occupational seafood allergy is not well-studied, based on a Canadian investigation, it can be estimated that 57,000 American seafood workers are at risk of developing work-related allergic reactions. Since seafood is a major food allergen in consumers and industrial workers, further studies are necessary. Despite developments of new antiallergic therapies, avoidance continues to be the best "treatment"for allergic ingestive, inhalative and occupational disease.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

Seafood can be a source of contaminants, which may raise health concerns. The aim of this study was to analyse the levels of inorganic contaminants in commercially available seafood products and assess consumer exposure. Commercially available samples were collected from 2015–2018 and analysed as composite samples for mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium, using accredited methods. Levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic were low and human exposure of these metals would be minimal from consumption of the analysed seafood products. Mercury levels were well below the EU maximum limit for mercury in fish. However, children, who are high consumers, might be at risk of exceeding the tolerable weekly intake for methyl mercury, when eating products with the highest mercury levels. The collected data can be used for future risk-benefit assessments as intake of processed seafood products represent a large proportion of the populations' seafood intake in Europe.  相似文献   

17.
低过敏性海产食品的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
综述了引起海产品过敏主要的过敏原及其特征,阐述了海产食品过敏原性的研究进展以及面临的困难和存在的问题,对低过敏性海产食品的开发途径进行了展望,为我国海产食品的深加工提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

18.
The strategic objective of the SEAFOODplus Integrated Project is to reduce health problems and to increase well-being among European consumers by applying the benefits obtained through consumption of health promoting and safe seafood products of high eating quality. The relevance of seafood in the diet to diminish the increased incidences of e.g. cardiovascular, cancer and inflammatory diseases is being assessed by performing dietary intervention and epidemiological studies. Other focus areas are health of young populations, to treat overweight, to prevent osteoporosis and postpartum depression observed for women giving birth. Seafood’s importance for consumer behaviour and well-being is assessed to understand determinants of consumers’ seafood consumption and to adapt seafood products to consumer demands. The objectives of the seafood safety component are to make seafood safe for the consumer, by identifying risk factors and avoiding risks caused by viral and bacterial contamination and biogenic amines in seafood. The total value chain is addressed by developing consumer driven tailor-made, functional seafood products to improve health and to ensure nutritional quality and safety by full utilisation of raw materials from aquaculture and from traditional fisheries. The aquaculture component will study the effects of dietary modulation, husbandry, fish physiology, genetics and pre-slaughter conditions. Validated traceability systems are assessed to make it possible to apply a total chain approach from the live fish to the consumer product, and to trace back any feature from fork to farm. Received: January 7, 2008; accepted January 8, 2008  相似文献   

19.
生物胺是一类低分子量含氮有机化合物,具有脂肪族、芳香族、杂环结构,广泛存在食品尤其是富含蛋白质的水产品中,大多由微生物来源的氨基酸脱羧酶对氨基酸脱羧后形成。水产品风味独特、营养丰富,备受消费者喜爱,生物胺的存在不仅会影响水产品的品质,还会危害人类的健康,引起过敏性反应。根据生物胺的组成可分为单胺、二胺和多胺,根据其挥发难易程度可分为挥发性胺、非挥发性胺,常见的生物胺有组胺、酪胺、腐胺、尸胺、色胺、苯乙胺、三甲胺、二甲胺等。本文重点介绍了水产品中常见生物胺的色谱、波谱、生物检测方法,以及物理、化学、生物控制技术的最新进展,分析了水产品中生物胺研究的发展趋势,以期为水产品的品质监测与安全控制提供理论基础。  相似文献   

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