大豆皂甙的研究初步

通过测定大豆中皂甙的含量分布,得到大豆皂甙在各器官的分布情况为：胚芽（１．８２％－１．９８％）〉绿叶（０．７２％－０．８４％）〉全粒种籽（０．３１％－０．３６％）〉豆节（０．３０％－０．３４％）〉子叶（０．２４％－０．３０％）〉侧根（０．１９％－０．２１％）〉豆英（０．１４％－０．１６％）〉主根和豆茎（０．０６％－０．０９％）〉种皮（未检出）;从品种上看,全粒种籽皂甙 的含量青刀豆（０．４０％－０     

大豆胚芽综合利用的研究

大豆胚芽具有很高的营养价值，其富含生理活性物质维生素E，大豆异黄酮和甾醇等。对大豆胚芽的营养成分进行了分析和论述，并对其综合利用提出了几点建议。测试结果表明：大豆胚芽含有28%蛋白质，8.7%油（其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达80%），油中含VE190mg/100g，大豆异黄酮1.23%，甾醇0.37%。     

高效液相色谱法测定大豆提取物中大豆异黄酮的含量

本文建立了大豆提取物中大豆异黄酮的高效液相色谱测定方法,通过正交试验了样品水解最佳条件为１．０ｍｏｌ／ｌ ＨＣｌ－ＭｅＯＨ溶解,８０℃下,回流水解０．５ｈ,采用Ｎｏｖａ－Ｐａｋ Ｃ１８ ３．９＊１０ｍｍ４μｍ色谱柱ＭｅＯＨ－０．４％Ｈ３ＰＯ４（４７：５３Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相,流速０．７ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ检测波长２６０ｎｍ等色谱条件下测定甙元含量,通过换算因子计算大豆异黄酮的含量。该方法快速,灵敏、重理性好,     

比色法测定大豆中的总皂甙

脱脂大豆样品的乙醇提取物以AB－8大孔吸附树脂快速纯化得到总皂甙,用香草醛－高氯酸体系显色后测定总皂甙含量。以大豆皂甙B6为标样建立的回归曲线高度显著,线性和稳定性可靠。样品重复测定的变异系数CV＝5．72％,平均加标回收率为101．7％。测定结果表明脱脂大豆粕、子叶和胚芽中的皂甙含量分别为1．05％－1．25％,1．05％和4．82％。     

桑椹籽与籽油的营养成份及理化特性的研究

分析了桑椹籽和籽油的化学成份。桑籽含３０．７％的油，２９．４％的粗蛋白，２５．３％的膳食纤维，７．１％的碳水化合物。桑籽中黄酮含量３３．３ｍｇ／１００ｇ。还分析了桑籽的氨基酸成份和微量元素组成。籽油中含亚油酸７９．４％，维生素Ｅ８１７μｇ／ｇ，β－胡萝卜素１．７８μｇ／ｇ，硒０．０３μｇ／ｇ。桑籽油的物化指标为，皂化值２０１．８，不皂化物６．４５％，折光指数１．４８１２（２０℃）。     

大豆皂甙A的分离与ESI/MS分析

大豆胚芽中皂甙的含量是子叶的6～14倍,soyasaponin A仅存在于胚芽中.以硅胶柱色谱和制备高效液相色谱法从大豆胚芽的乙醇提取物中分离出二种A组皂甙,进行定性反应.UV和ESI/MS分析确证其结构为soyasaponin A     

黄栀子果、籽中油脂化学成分分析

本文对黄栀子全果和种籽中油脂含量、理化性质、化学组成成分和种籽占全果重的比例等 进行测定分析。结果表明,占全果重４０．３—６４．６％种籽和全果中含油量分别为２８．６％、 １６．９％;两者的油脂都主要是由亚油酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸组成,而且它们的理化性质都很相 似;种籽油中棕榈酸占３６．９％,亚油酸占５９．４％（其中顺、反式分别为２９．６％,２９．８％）,亚 麻酸占２．１％;全果油中棕榈酸占４０．３％,亚油酸占５５．７％（其中顺、反式分别为２２．８％, ３２．９％）,亚麻酸占２．６％。     

GC／MSD分析薏仁油组份

利用GC／MSD分析薏仁油成分组成。共检测出35种成分,鉴定了其中18种成分,薏仁油主要由油酸（含量46．40％）、亚油酸（37．41％）、棕榈酸（12．26％）、硬脂酸（2．53％）和长碳链脂肪酸组成。     

不同大豆品种出苗后子叶面积及生理指标的变化

运用嫁接体系,以黄淮海地区不同年代生产上大面积种植的品种做砧木,大豆新品种中黄39为接穗。嫁接时砧木处于出苗期（Vc）,保留子叶;接穗处于单叶展开期（V1）,去除子叶和第1对真叶（单叶）。接穗插接于砧木子叶之间。嫁接体成活后至第一三出复叶展开（V2）期间,分期测定子叶面积的变化。同时以百粒重不同的3个大豆品种为材料,设置子叶遮光与正常光照处理,研究了大豆出土后子叶的生长动态及子叶对植株幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同大豆品种出苗后子叶面积均有增加,但增加幅度不同,最高的可达209．29％,最低的仅有65．61％;Vc-V2期子叶面积的增加幅度与VC期子叶面积负相关;不同年代大豆品种子叶面积在出苗后的增幅随育成年代推后呈现下降趋势。出苗9d后子叶面积、子叶中叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总量、子叶干重随着出苗后天数的增加不断下降;叶绿素b含量则呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而可溶性糖含量先下降后上升,继而随着子叶衰老逐渐下降。对子叶进行遮光处理后,子叶面积、干重、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、可溶性糖含量的变化幅度变大,表明子叶的“源”功能受限时,其叶绿素的合成与降解、可溶性糖的合成、降解与转运、子叶面积及干重均受到影响。去除子叶使得株高变矮、发育进程变慢、幼苗干重下降,其对幼苗生长发育的影响随子叶摘除时间的推后逐渐减小。说明大豆出苗后子叶是植株的重要营养器官,在栽培管理中应加以保护和利用。     

蔗渣膳食纤维挤压改性的研究（I）：挤压蒸煮对蔗渣膳食纤维组成与含量…

选用５００μｍ和８０μｍ两种平均粒度不同的蔗渣膳食纤维，在法国Ｃｌｅｘｔｒａｌ ＢＣ－４５型双螺杆挤压机上探讨挤压蒸煮处理对蔗渣纤维组成与含量的影响。结果表明，经挤压蒸煮后，蔗渣纤维的水溶性得以明显提高（２．２％￣１２．４％），可溶性纤维含量也得以显著增加（２．７％￣９．５％），但对总膳食纤维含量的影响很小。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.