不同品种梨汁中有机酸含量的测定及其相关性的研究

利用反相高效液相色谱法测定了不同品种梨汁中的有机酸含量,并应用SAS统计软件对各有机酸含量之间的相关性进行了分析.结果表明,梨汁中的主要有机酸有苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、莽草酸、酒石酸、奎宁酸、乳酸和富马酸,其中苹果酸含量最高(为1.14～3.09 g/L);不同品种梨汁中各有机酸含量差别较大,其中琥珀酸与乳酸和富马酸,莽草酸与柠檬酸和奎宁酸的含量之间表现出极显著正相关.     

高效液相色谱法测定笃斯越桔制品中7种有机酸的含量

采用高效液相色谱方法测定6种笃斯越桔制品中的有机酸含量,色谱条件为色谱柱：VenusilASBC18（4. 6mm＆#215;250mm, 5μm）;流动相：96. 9%超纯水-3%甲醇-0. 1%甲酸;流速：0. 5mL/min;柱温：室温;检测波长：210nm;进样量：20μm。该方法能够快速、准确地分离笃斯越桔相关制品中所含的7种有机酸,包括草酸、奎宁酸、苹果酸、莽草酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸。检测结果表明,笃斯越桔中的有机酸主要为奎宁酸,其次是柠檬酸和苹果酸,乳酸和乙酸的含量较少。     

发酵条件对梨醋酿造过程中有机酸的影响

采用反相高效液相色谱分析了梨酒、梨醋中有机酸,研究了发酵条件对其有机酸的影响。研究结果表明:酿酒酵母在酒精发酵过程中可代谢梨汁中有机酸。与梨汁相比,梨酒中的草酸、奎宁酸含量下降,乳酸、琥珀酸含量上升。梨酒中乙酸、琥珀酸随着酒精发酵温度的升高而增加,而苹果酸、乳酸、奎宁酸则随着酒精发酵温度的升高而降低。醋酸菌具有代谢各种有机酸的功能,在醋酸发酵过程中均消耗柠檬酸,而产生和积累酒石酸。梨醋中酒石酸、奎宁酸、莽草酸、琥珀酸和乳酸随着醋酸发酵温度的升高而增加,苹果酸和草酸几乎不受发酵温度的影响。发酵方式影响醋酸菌对有机酸的代谢。     

反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定啤酒中有机酸

建立了一种利用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定啤酒中 9种有机酸的方法。应用反相C18色谱柱Nucleosil 10 0C18　 2 5 0× 4 0mm ,以 0 1mol/LKH2 PO4(用H3 PO4调 pH3 0 )为流动相 ,紫外检测 2 15nm ,将啤酒中草酸、丙酮酸、苹果酸、α 酮戊二酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、琥珀酸一次性分离。除柠檬酸外各种有机酸的回收率在 85 %以上 ,变异系数 <5 %。该方法简便、快速、准确。此外 ,对影响有机酸分离的因素进行了研究 ,并测定了国内市售的十几种啤酒中的有机酸含量     

广东客家黄酒10种有机酸的HPLC分析

为确认广东客家黄酒的风味和营养物质,本研究对13个典型客家黄酒的有机酸进行了测定分析。结果表明,客家黄酒中至少含有10种以上有机酸,其中草酸含量为45.32～1046.58 mg/L,黑豆客家黄酒具有较高的草酸含量,柠檬酸含量范围为1197.99～4001.07 mg/L,黑豆客家娘酒具有较高的柠檬酸含量,酒石酸含量范围为0～405.70 mg/L,黑豆客家黄酒酒石酸含量最高,苹果酸含量范围为0～75.91 mg/L,客家黄酒中苹果酸含量低于绍兴黄酒,琥珀酸是黄酒中含量最高的有机酸,其含量范围在0～11050.95 mg/L,"八珍娘"客家黄酒等客家黄酒琥珀酸含量明显较高,乳酸含量范围在939.12～3789.06 mg/L,绍兴黄酒显著高于客家黄酒,甲酸范围在205.00～761.88 mg/L,黑豆客家娘酒含量最高,乙酸含量范围在814.63～2963.14 mg/L,绍兴黄酒高于客家黄酒,富马酸含量范围在0～19.25 mg/L之间,黑豆客家黄酒含量最高,另外黄酒中不存在或者很少存在丙酸。本文把有机酸分为两类,一类是酸味有机酸包括富马酸、草酸和柠檬酸3种,是良性口味的有机酸;另一类是涩味有机酸,包括酒石酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、甲酸、乙酸和丙酸等7种有机酸。本文分别计算了13个酒样中的10种有机酸的TAV值,结果表明,客家黄酒中存在4类有机酸:(1)主要有机酸,客家黄酒中以琥珀酸为主要有机酸,其含量占50%左右,TAV值最大,有的样本大于100;(2)次要有机酸,包含有乳酸和乙酸,其含量占10%～20%,TAV值较大,在10～60,对口味影响较大;(3)酸性良性口味有机酸,这类有机酸为草酸和柠檬酸,其含量占1%～20%,TAV值在1～20,TAV值占总TAV值10%左右;(4)微量有机酸,富马酸和丙酸含量占1%以下,TAV值在0.1以下,对黄酒风味没有贡献。     

未除气与除气淡爽型啤酒中9种有机酸的阈值

采用ASTM679标准方法测定了未除气与除气淡爽型啤酒中乙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、丙酮酸、酒石酸和草酸的个人和小组阈值。结果发现,在未除气啤酒中,9种有机酸的小组阈值大小顺序为苹果酸、富马酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、丙酮酸、琥珀酸、乙酸、草酸、酒石酸。其中品评员对苹果酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、草酸和柠檬酸的口感差异相对较小,而对酒石酸、乙酸、丙酮酸和乳酸的口感差异较大。在除气啤酒中,9种有机酸的小组阈值大小顺序为丙酮酸、乳酸、乙酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、草酸、柠檬酸。品评员对柠檬酸、苹果酸和乳酸的口感差异相对较小,而对丙酮酸、草酸、酒石酸、富马酸、琥珀酸和乙酸的口感差异较大。此外还发现未除气和除气啤酒中有机酸阈值差异很大,其中差异最大的是三元酸柠檬酸,其次为二元酸,包括苹果酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸和富马酸,差异最小的是一元酸,包括乳酸、乙酸和丙酮酸。     

不同原浓啤酒中有机酸的含量分析

以相同原料配比,用下面发酵法酿造6 0、6 5、7 0、7 5、8 0与10 0°P啤酒。样品总酸随原浓上升而提高,原浓低于7 5°P时,啤酒酸味明显。用反相高效液相色谱(RP -HPLC)法在啤酒中检测出了10种有机酸:草酸、酒石酸、丙酮酸、苹果酸、α酮戊二酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸与琥珀酸,总量为738 17～799 5 0mg/L ,各样品间有机酸含量差异明显。琥珀酸含量最高;其次是柠檬酸、苹果酸、丙酮酸、乳酸与草酸。草酸、丙酮酸随着原浓的增加而升高。7 0、7 5、8 0、10 0°P啤酒中乳酸含量相近,6 0、6 5°P啤酒中乳酸含量急剧上升。研究结果表明,啤酒酵母产酸受原浓与发酵度的影响     

不同黄酒中有机酸的测定

采用HPLC法对客家娘酒及绍兴黄酒中10种有机酸草酸、酒石酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、乙酸、富马酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、莽草酸进行定性、定量分析。结果表明:不同酒种不同品牌的酒中所含有机酸的种类和数量存在一定的差异。     

梨汁中外源性有机酸掺伪检测

柠檬酸和L-苹果酸是梨汁中2种主要有机酸。研究了利用高效液相色谱法分离测定梨汁中柠檬酸、L-苹果酸和D-苹果酸的条件,同时对来源于不同产地和品种梨汁中的柠檬酸和L-苹果酸的含量进行了测定。研究结果表明,不同品种梨汁中柠檬酸与L-苹果酸的含量和比例差别较大,同品种梨汁中这两种有机酸的比例差别不大。但是,在所有梨汁中柠檬酸的含量均小于苹果酸的含量,即,柠檬酸和L-苹果酸含量之比小于100%。因此,当梨汁中这两种有机酸的比例出现剧烈变化时,即可判定添加了外源有机酸。该方法解决了外源有机酸难以鉴别检测的难题,为生产企业及监管部门开展梨汁的掺伪鉴别提供了依据。     

醋酸菌分离及其有机酸产生规律

研究不同形态醋酸菌产生有机酸规律的比较。经HPLC法测定有机酸含量发现:不产膜菌S菌产生奎宁酸、苹果酸、富马酸和琥珀酸的能力比产膜菌R菌高;而产生乳酸和柠檬酸的能力低于R菌。因此推断鸟氨酸循环、糖异生作用和三羧酸循环参与醋酸菌菌膜的形成。     

发酵前后甜石榴汁中有机酸的变化研究

本试验利用反相液相色谱（RP-HPLC）法分离测定发酵前后甜石榴汁中有机酸种类和含量。在甜石榴汁中检测到的有机酸包括草酸、苹果酸、α-酮戊二酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸与富马酸,其中主要有机酸为乳酸（占总有机酸的51.2%）、草酸（占总有机酸的26.8%）和柠檬酸（占总有机酸的16.8%）。发酵后甜石榴汁中的草酸与乳酸含量下降,乙酸含量增加,新生成酒石酸、丙酮酸与琥珀酸;苹果酸与柠檬酸含量增加。发酵后甜石榴汁的有机酸总量下降了7.8%.     

Organic acids of various kinds of vegetables. IV. Changes in the acids and sugar in tomatoes, sweet peppers and cucumbers during development and ripening

Concentrations of organic acids and sugars in tomatoes and sweet peppers change notably during ripening. The concentration of malic acid decreases while that of citric acid increases considerably and in redripe fruits clearly exceeds the content of malic acid. Several maxima and minima in acid concentrations occur during development. Both species show constant proportions of citric and isocitric acid (200:1 and 30:1 respectively). In sweet pepper, quinic and ascorbic acid can be found in noticeably higher amounts than in tomatoes. Additionally, succinic acid was detected in tomatoes and fumaric and shikimic acid in sweet pepper. Glucose and fructose, in approximately equal amounts, are the main sugar components; their concentrations are increased during ripening, especially in sweet peppers. The leaves of tomatoes and sweet pepper contain more malic acid and less citric acid than redripe fruits, though here as well citric acid predominates. There is considerably less glucose and fructose present in the leaves of sweet pepper than in the fruits while sucrose is increased. Sucrose is the main sugar component in the leaves. Compared to tomatoes and sweet peppers, egg-plants contain more amounts. - Potatoes contain citric, malic, quinic, succinic, fumaric, and soluble oxalic acid (in order of decreasing amounts). - In cucumbers malic acid notably exceeds citric acid. Both acids hardly change in concentration during ripening. Sugar content decreases during ripening.     

基于UPLC-MS/MS探究烘焙程度对咖啡豆中有机酸含量影响

为探究烘焙工艺对咖啡豆口感的影响,本文研究了烘焙程度对咖啡豆中有机酸含量的影响。采用新建立超高效液质联用法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定不同烘焙条件下7种有机酸的含量。结果表明:7种有机酸化合物在0.5～20.0 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,决定系数均大于0.990。7种有机酸的加标回收率在81.9%～104.7%,RSD为0.53%～6.64%。洪都拉斯咖啡豆样品检测结果显示随烘焙程度增加,苹果酸和柠檬酸含量下降,富马酸含量先升后降,琥珀酸、酒石酸、莽草酸和奎尼酸含量上升。轻度烘焙下苹果酸与柠檬酸总量最高,达到1201.5 mg/kg,酸度最佳;奎尼酸含量最少,为1363.7 mg/kg,涩度最低。肯尼亚、印尼、巴西、萨尔瓦多咖啡豆中有机酸在相同烘焙条件下表现相似。     

LC with Evaporative Light-Scattering Detection for Quantitative Analysis of Organic Acids in Juices

In this work, a performing LC method with evaporative light-scattering detector was described for the analysis of tartaric, malic, ascorbic, citric and succinic acids in fruit juices. The method was optimized and validated in comparison with LC-UV, in terms of accuracy, LODs, LOQs and precision. The successive application to ACE, orange, pear, peach, mulberry and apple juices allowed separation and quantitative determination of organic acids in about 20 min just diluting and filtering the sample before LC determination. In the analysed juices, citric, malic and ascorbic acids were always present, and in all the samples, citric acid was the prevailing acid followed by malic acid except for peach and apple juices where an opposite trend was found. Tartaric and succinic acids were detected at lower concentrations and more rarely, except for peach juices, all containing tartaric acid, and ACE and orange juices, all containing succinic acid.     

原汁苹果醋中的有机酸

以苹果汁为原料 ,采用液态酒精发酵和醋酸发酵法制作苹果醋 ,采用反相高效液相色谱法分析苹果醋中有机酸 ,研究了苹果品种、醋酸菌种、醋酸发酵方法及过程对有机酸的影响。认为苹果酸是苹果醋中的主要有机果酸 ,其与液态粮食醋有机酸组成的差别主要体现在苹果酸、酒石酸和乳酸的含量上 ,苹果品种是影响原汁苹果醋中有机酸的种类和含量主要因素 ,醋酸菌在醋酸发酵过程中有代谢各种有机酸的作用 ,发酵方法会影响醋酸菌对有机酸代谢作用的程度 ,试验中所采用的 5种醋酸菌在醋酸发酵过程中通过消耗苹果酸、乳酸、琥珀酸 ,而产生和积累柠檬酸。     

Organic acids composition of Cydonia oblonga Miller leaf

Organic acid profiles of 36 Cydonia oblonga Miller leaf samples, from three different geographical origins of northern (Bragança and Carrazeda de Ansiães) and central Portugal (Covilhã), harvested in three collection months (June, August and October of 2006), were determined by HPLC/UV (214 nm). Quince leaves presented a common organic acid profile, composed of six constituents: oxalic, citric, malic, quinic, shikimic and fumaric acids. C. oblonga leaves total organic acid content varied from 1.6 to 25.8 g/kg dry matter (mean value of 10.5 g/kg dry matter). Quinic acid was the major compound (72.2%), followed by citric acid (13.6%).     

Antioxidative properties and phytochemical composition of Ballota nigra infusion

The ability of Ballota nigra (Lamiaceae) infusion to act as a scavenger of DPPH radical, reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid) and nitric oxide was investigated. The tested infusion mainly exhibited a potent scavenging effect on DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. In hydroxyl radical assay a potent pro-oxidant activity was noticed. No effect was found against hypochlorous acid. A phytochemical study was also undertaken, and seven phenolic compounds (chlorogenic, caffeic and caffeoylmalic acids, ballotetroside, forsythoside B, verbascoside and allysonoside) and eight organic acids (oxalic, aconitic, citric, ascorbic, malic, quinic, shikimic and fumaric acids) were identified and quantified by HPLC/DAD and HPLC/UV, respectively. Forsythoside B and quinic acid were revealed to be the main compounds in this infusion.     

桑椹酒发酵过程中有机酸含量变化

利用高效液相色谱法测定桑椹酒发酵过程中七种有机酸的变化,结果显示:桑椹原果汁中琥珀酸含量最高,柠檬酸次之;发酵过程中酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、草酸、抗坏血酸含量变化均先呈上升趋势,达到最大值后呈下降趋势,而乳酸含量则一直上升;发酵结束后检测到酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、草酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸含量分别为1.822、2.54、2.44、0.76、0.772、0.0756、0.0846g/L。