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1.
本研究利用风险评估理论,结合辽宁地区大米的抽样调查检验,评估辽宁地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)对我国居民健康状况的潜在危险。采用液相色谱-ICP-MS联用方法测定大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的含量。运用风险评估软件RISK@7.5建立该地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)风险评估模型。通过模型可以推断出辽宁地区大型商场,小型农贸市场大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)检出1种的平均概率小于4%,砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)检出1种的平均概率小于3%,辽宁地区大米中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)均处于安全水平,为促进当地食品安全,保护人民健康及有关部门食品安全的风险管理提供依据参考。  相似文献   

2.
目的 评估辽宁地区部分食品中二氧化硫残留暴露对我省居民健康的潜在风险。方法 随机从辽宁省大型商场和小型农贸市场采集样品共330份, 采用蒸馏法进行二氧化硫残留量检测。基于点评估和概率评估两种评估方式, 对食物中二氧化硫残留的膳食暴露进行风险评估。结果 经检测的不同食品中二氧化硫的膳食摄入风险值均远小于100%。运用风险评估软件@risk7.6进行概率评估, 在50%、75%、90%、99%暴露量位点下, 不同食物二氧化硫的风险商(hazard quotient, HQ)值均远小于1。结论 辽宁地区食物中二氧化硫残留量在人体可接受范围内, 无明显膳食风险。  相似文献   

3.
目的:为了给辽宁地区大米安全食用、质量管理提供可靠依据,对辽宁地区的4个城市120批次样品中甲基汞进行液相色谱-原子荧光联用检测,根据检测数据运用风险评估软件RISK@7.5、急性膳食摄入风险评估%ARfD和慢性膳食摄入风险评估%ADI等指标对辽宁地区大米进行甲基汞膳食摄入风险评估,用大份餐LP、每日允许摄入量计算最大残留限量估计值(eMRL)。结果表明,辽宁地区甲基汞的检出数量为26,检出率为21.7%,超标样品量为2,超标率为1.67%,建立辽宁地区大米中甲基汞的风险评估模型,通过模型可以模拟出辽宁地区大米中甲基汞的平均流行率=21.4%,推断出辽宁地区一般大型商场超级市场的大米中检出甲基汞种类数量小于6种的概率小于5%,大于12种的概率小于5%,一般中、小型超级市场及早市中大米检出甲基汞种类小于1种的概率小于5%,大于7种的概率小于5%。其中至少有一种样品甲基汞检出的概率为95.6%。辽宁地区一般大型商场超市大米中甲基汞超标种类小于0种的概率小于5%大于3种的概率小于5%,一般为1-3种,辽宁地区一般中、小市场及早市中大米产品中甲基汞超标种类大于0种的概率小于5%而大于1种的概率小于5%,一般为1种。甲基汞的急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)为0.9382%、慢性膳食摄入风险评估%ADI甲基汞为0.11%,风险均为可接受,最大残留估计限量值为0.829mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
目的采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的含量;并建立数学预测模型推断市场中水产品中无机砷阳性样品的概率。方法水产品中加入20 mL 0.15 mol/L的HNO_3溶液,放置过夜。置90℃恒温箱中热浸提3.0 h。提取完毕,使2种形态神的化合物溶出,提取液冷却后上机检测。样品检测数据运用风险评估软件@RISK6.2建立数学模型。结果由模型可知水产品和水质产品中无机砷阳性样品检出的亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)的流行率为7.6%,砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的流行率为3.1%。结论通过模型可以推断出采样地中大型超市、小型市场中水产品和水质产品中无机砷阳性样品检出的概率,数学模型的建立为有关部门对水产品的风险管理提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

5.
目的掌握广西主要食品中砷污染的水平,评估居民膳食无机砷暴露量及其潜在健康风险。方法利用2010-2015年广西主要食品中总砷及无机砷含量数据和食物消费量数据,采用简单分布评估的方法 ,计算广西居民膳食中无机砷暴露水平及其分布情况,并利用暴露限值(MOE)法评估其潜在健康风险。结果 16 567份食品样品中,总砷检出率为42.71%(4 735/11 087),无机砷检出率为48.07%(2 634/5 480)。总砷平均含量以海洋甲壳类最高,其次是海水鱼类和软体动物;检测无机砷食品样品中,平均含量为0.018~0.072 mg/kg,其中以大米无机砷平均含量最高。除大米、新鲜水果、蛋及其制品、畜禽内脏直接采用其检测的无机砷结果外,其他食品均通过总砷转换到无机砷而进行暴露评估。一般人群和高消费量人群膳食中无机砷的平均每天暴露量MOE值均1,但18~34岁男性组高消费量人群每天无机砷暴露量的MOE值≤1。大米的贡献率远高于其他食物,是居民膳食中无机砷的主要来源。结论广西居民膳食中无机砷暴露风险总体上是安全的,而对于18~34岁男性组高暴露量人群可能存在一定的健康风险,大米是广西居民的主要食品,大米的安全问题需加以关注。  相似文献   

6.
采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用测定香菇及香菇培养料中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷酸盐(MMA)、二甲基砷酸盐(DMA)和砷甜菜碱(As B)等5种砷元素化合物。样品经70℃超声萃取,阴离子色谱柱分离,ICP-MS检测,5种不同形态的砷分离效果良好,线性范围0~100.0 ng/m L,相关系数在0.9999以上,加标回收率81.0%~108.9%之间,相对偏差1.6%~6.3%(n=6)。用实际样品检测,培养料中的砷元素主要以As(V)的形式存在,其含量与栽培时间关系不大。鲜香菇和干香菇中则含有较多的As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)和As B,虽然总砷结果符合国标限量要求,但高毒的无机砷占大多数。  相似文献   

7.
目的 评估我国居民经大米摄入无机砷的暴露水平及其健康风险。方法 系统检索PubMed、 CNKI等数据库中2001—2020年发表文献中关于我国大米无机砷含量数据,结合2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据,采用半参数蒙特卡罗模拟法估计我国居民经大米的无机砷摄入量水平;采用目标风险系数法、终生癌症风险法对居民经大米摄入无机砷产生的健康风险进行评估。结果 我国各地大米中无机砷含量范围为0.038~0.1 mg/kg。我国居民经大米的无机砷暴露平均水平整体呈现出南方高于北方的特点(P<0.05),尤其是南方的江西[1.00、0.59、0.48 μg/(kg·BW·d)]、湖南[0.58、0.39、0.38 μg/(kg·BW·d)]、广西[0.57、0.40、0.34 μg/(kg·BW·d)]等省及自治区暴露水平较高。对各省、市及自治区不同年龄段人群的风险评估结果表明,大米高消费人群的无机砷暴露可能有健康风险,其中以江西、湖南等省份的2~17岁居民中大米高消费人群(P95)的风险较高。各省、市及自治区THQ值范围为0.08~6.96,LCR值范围为0.38× 10-4~3.13× 10-3。结论 经大米摄入无机砷对我国居民中的大米高消费人群可能产生一定的健康风险。  相似文献   

8.
建立了液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定海带中无机砷的方法。结果表明,在20.0~100.0μg/L浓度范围内,亚砷酸盐(AsⅢ)、砷酸盐(AsⅤ)的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r分别为0.999 9和0.999 7,检出限分别为0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg。在0.1,0.5和0.8 mg/kg的加标水平下,方法的回收率为87.9%~102.3%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.7%~2.7%(n=6),能够满足海带中无机砷残留量的测定。  相似文献   

9.
通过田间施药试验,枸杞鲜果经脱蜡后自然晾晒和烘干处理,研究了不同制干方式对枸杞中吡虫啉和氯氰菊酯残留量的影响及膳食暴露评估。结果表明:吡虫啉和氯氰菊酯在推荐施药剂量下,不同施药次数,自然晾晒和烘干处理对枸杞中两种农药的残留量均有降解效果,可降解10%~70%。对鲜枸杞和干枸杞中吡虫啉和氯氰菊酯残留的慢性膳食摄入风险和急性膳食摄入风险评估的结果表明:两种农药%ADI和%ARf D均小于1%,远小于100%,其残留膳食摄入风险极低,在制定残留限量标准时可适当放宽。  相似文献   

10.
目的:为了给辽宁地区酸菜安全食用、质量管理提供可靠依据,通过动物实验及其结果分析,确定亚硝酸盐危害以及致病机理,通过对辽宁地区的120份样品中亚硝酸盐进行检测,根据检测数据运用风险评估软件RISK@7.5、急性膳食摄入风险评估%ARfD和慢性膳食摄入风险评估%ADI等指标对辽宁地区酸菜进行亚硝酸盐膳食摄入风险评估,用大份餐LP、每日允许摄入量计算最大残留限量估计值(eMRL)。结果表明,辽宁地区亚硝酸的检出数量为96,检出率为80%,建立辽宁地区酸菜中亚硝酸盐的风险评估模型,通过模型可以模拟出辽宁地区酸菜中亚硝酸盐的平均流行率=76%,推断出辽宁地区大型商场超市中有一种样品检出亚硝酸盐的概率75%的概率在90%左右,而小于60%的概率≤5%,大于90%的概率≤5%,得出辽宁地区大型商场超市中有一种样品检出亚硝酸盐的概率76%的概率在90%左右,而小于66%的概率≤5%,大于86%的概率≤5%。亚硝酸盐的急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)为0.033%、慢性膳食摄入风险评估%ADI亚硝酸盐为0.10%,风险均为可接受,最大残留估计限量值为4.817mg/g。  相似文献   

11.
目的了解烟台居民膳食来源总砷暴露量,评价其潜在健康风险。方法按照GB 5009.11-2014中第二法氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定总砷含量,采用危害商数判定其膳食暴露风险,依据美国环保总署给定的剂量-效应模型,进行人体健康风险评价。结果烟台市居民摄入的主要食物中总砷的平均含量为0.75 mg/kg,其中藻类的总砷含量最高,居民膳食来源总砷的日均膳食暴露量为0.00166 mg/(kg·d)。藻类、水产品、鲜蔬菜,谷物及制品是烟台居民膳食总砷暴露的主要来源,其贡献率分别为28.16%、24.31%、7.64%、3.93%。居民膳食来源总砷暴露的HQ远小于1,参照无机砷致癌风险因子计算,膳食来源总砷导致的疾病负担高于10-6人/年的参考水平。结论烟台居民膳食来源总砷暴露量处在可接受安全范围,但其存在的风险、导致的疾病负担高于参考水平值。  相似文献   

12.
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a contaminant present in food, especially in rice and rice-based products. Toxicity of arsenic compounds (As) depends on species and oxidative state. iAs species, such as arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)), are more bioactive and toxic than organic arsenic species, like methylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) or arsenosugars and arsenobetaine. An ion chromatography-inductively coupled-plasma-mass spectroscopy method was developed to separate the four following arsenic anions: As(III), As(V), MMA(V) and DMA(V). Sample preparation was done in mild acidic conditions to ensure species preservation. The predominant arsenic species found in rice and rice-based products, except for rice drinks, was As(III), with 60–80% of the total As content, followed by DMA(V) and As(V). MMA(V) was measured only at low levels (<3%). Analyses of rice products (N = 105) intended for toddlers, including special products destined for infants and toddlers, such as dry form baby foods (N = 12) or ready-to-use form (N = 9), were done. It was found in this study that there is little or no margin of exposure. Risk assessment, using the occurrence data and indicated intake scenarios compared to reference BMDLs as established by EFSA, demonstrated toddlers with a high consumption of rice based cereals and rice drinks are at risk of high iAs exposure, for which a potential health risk cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

13.
Arsenite and arsenate speciation was performed in 121 commercially purchased samples of 12 rice types to understand their relative relevance in rice grain. General effectiveness of a recently developed extraction protocol based on 0.28 M nitric acid at 95 °C was verified by checking the recovery of total grain arsenic and by comparing arsenic speciation in NIST-CRM-1568a, NMIJ-CRM-7503a and IMEP-107 with certificated and literature values. The arsenic speciation highlights the predominance of arsenite in 115 and dimethylarsinic acid in six samples and common minor components including arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and two unknown arsenical species. Our data also indicate potential influences of other trace elements on As speciation in rice grain. Averagely, arsenite accounts for 90% of inorganic grain arsenic regardless of geographic origin, rice type, grain size, cultural practice and polish treatment. The high arsenite predominance indicates an elevated toxic effect of arsenic in rice than is perceived to date.  相似文献   

14.
Although the need for policy development on arsenic (As) in rice has been recognized and a legally enforceable maximum contaminant level (MCL) for inorganic arsenic (Asi) in rice has been established in China, evidence reported in this article indicates that the risk of exposure to As for the Chinese population through rice is still underestimated. Polished rice from various production regions of China was analyzed for total As and arsenic species using HPLC–ICPMS. Total As concentration ranged 65.3–274.2 ng g?1, with an average value of 114.4 ng g?1. Four arsenic species, including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), were detected in most rice samples. The Asi (As(III) + As(V)) species was predominant, accounting for approximately 72% of the total As in rice, with a mean concentration of 82.0 ng g?1. In assessing the risk from As in rice, we found that As intake for the Chinese population through rice is higher than from drinking water, with a 37.6% contribution to the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) of As recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), compared with 1.5% from drinking water. Compared to other countries, the risk for the Chinese from exposure to As through rice is more severe due to the large rice consumption in China. Therefore, not only the scientific community but also local authorities should take this risk seriously. Furthermore, more stringent legislation of the MCL for rice should be enacted to protect the Chinese consumer from a high intake of As.  相似文献   

15.
Arsenic is a metalloid that occurs in food and the environment in different chemical forms. Inorganic arsenic is classified as a class I carcinogen. The inorganic arsenic intake from food and drinking water varies depending on the geographic arsenic background. Non-dietary exposure to arsenic is likely to be of minor importance for the general population within the European Union. In Europe, arsenic in drinking water is on average low, but food products (e.g. rice and seaweed) are imported from all over the world including from regions with naturally high arsenic levels. Therefore, specific populations living in Europe could also have a high exposure to inorganic arsenic due to their consumption pattern. Current risk assessment is based on exposure via drinking water. For a good estimation of the risks of arsenic in food, it is important to investigate if the bioavailability of inorganic arsenic from food is different from drinking water. The present study further explores the issue of European dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic via rice and seaweed and its associated health risks. The bioavailability of inorganic arsenic was measured in in vitro digestion experiments. The data indicate that the bioavailability of inorganic arsenic is similar for rice and seaweed compared with drinking water. The calculated dietary intake for specific European Union populations varied between 0.44 and 4.51 µg kg–1 bw day–1. The margins of exposure between the inorganic intake levels and the BMDL0.5 values as derived by JECFA are low. Decreasing the intake of inorganic arsenic via Hijiki seaweed could be achieved by setting legal limits similar to those set for rice by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in July 2014.  相似文献   

16.
Concern has been raised by Bangladeshi and international scientists about elevated levels of arsenic in Bengali food, particularly in rice grain. This is the first inclusive food market-basket survey from Bangladesh, which addresses the speciation and concentration of arsenic in rice, vegetables, pulses, and spices. Three hundred thirty aman and boro rice, 94 vegetables, and 50 pulse and spice samples were analyzed for total arsenic, using inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The districts with the highest mean arsenic rice grain levels were all from southwestern Bangladesh: Faridpur (boro) 0.51 > Satkhira (boro) 0.38 > Satkhira (aman) 0.36 > Chuadanga (boro) 0.32 > Meherpur (boro) 0.29 microg As g(-1). The vast majority of food ingested arsenic in Bangladesh diets was found to be inorganic; with the predominant species detected in Bangladesh rice being arsenite (AsIII) or arsenate (AsV) with dimethyl arsinic acid (DMAV) being a minor component. Vegetables, pulses, and spices are less important to total arsenic intake than water and rice. Predicted inorganic arsenic intake from rice is modeled with the equivalent intake from drinking water for a typical Bangladesh diet. Daily consumption of rice with a total arsenic level of 0.08 microg As g(-1) would be equivalent to a drinking water arsenic level of 10 microg L(-1).  相似文献   

17.
目的 明确河北省设施黄瓜农药残留状况和居民的膳食摄入风险情况。方法 对采自主产区的90份设施黄瓜样品进行农药残留检测,分别通过%ADI 和%ARfD 进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险评估和急性膳食摄入风险评估,借鉴英国兽药残留委员会兽药残留风险排序矩阵进行风险排序。结果 检测的87种农药中有26 种农药检出残留,检测的90份样品的阳性样品比率为100.0%。不同人群慢性膳食摄入风险(ADI%)在0.00%~17.58%之间,急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)在0.06%~54.29%之间。根据残留风险得分,高风险农药有3种,即阿维菌素、联苯菊酯和毒死蜱。结论 河北省设施黄瓜农药残留检出率较高,仅有1个样品农药残留超标。农药残留对居民的膳食摄入风险均很低,没有健康风险。建议优先登记盐酸吗啉胍等抗病毒药物在黄瓜上的使用,并制定盐酸吗啉在黄瓜上的MRL值。  相似文献   

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