Selenium content in selected Slovenian foodstuffs and estimated daily intakes of selenium

Food is the primary source of selenium for man and, since selenium is an essential trace element, the nutritional selenium status is of importance. Data on this topic are currently lacking in Slovenia. In the present study, selenium contents of some selected foods purchased on the Slovenian market were determined and estimation of the daily dietary intake by analysing 20 diet samples collected in four Slovenian Army barracks was made. In determination of the selenium content in selected food, the highest values were found, as expected, in protein-rich food such as fish, meat and eggs (33–686 ng g⁻¹), but lower values in milk and dairy products (12–30 ng g⁻¹) and vegetables and fruits (0.3–77 ng g⁻¹). Analysis of 20 military total daily diet samples, gave an average selenium daily intake of 87 μg.     

膳食中硒的摄入与高血压疾病相关性的研究进展

硒是人体必需的微量元素,适量增加硒的摄入可以预防由氧化应激反应造成的高血压疾病,但是过量摄入硒也可能增加罹患高血压的风险。本文综述了国内外膳食中硒的摄入与高血压的关系研究,硒在高血压疾病中的作用机制及国内外硒摄入的现状,以期为为高血压患者选择营养饮食提供参考。     

Determination of selenium in selected food samples from Argentina and estimation of their contribution to the Se dietary intake

An optimised FI-HGAAS method was applied to determine the total selenium concentrations in selected high consumption food (fish, beef, chicken, milk, rice, wheat flour, egg) and to estimate their contribution to the Argentinean dietary intake, whose information is scarce nowadays. Through several optimisation steps a suitable method was achieved showing satisfactory figures of merit for all matrices. Average recovery was 96%, RSD < 5%, LODs ranged 2.0–7.0 μg kg⁻¹ and the accuracy was assessed using DOLT-3 NRC certified reference material. Meat and eggs showed the highest values (in μg kg⁻¹, beef: 42–153; chicken: 62–205; fish: 94–314; canned tuna: 272–282; eggs: 134–217), minor values were found for wheat flour (22–42), rice: (<22), pasta (47–64) and milk (<7–9). An estimated intake of 32 and 24 μg day⁻¹ for adult men and women, respectively, suggested a deficient Se intake, leading to further comprehensive surveys of Se occurrence in Argentina.     

Determination of ultratrace levels of selenium in fruit and vegetable samples grown and consumed in Portugal

The selenium content in fruit and vegetable samples from two regions in Portugal were analysed using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) and radiochemical nuclear activation analysis (RNAA) – two analytical methods with very low limits of detection. The lower detection limits of HG-AFS, 3 μg kg⁻¹ and 8 μg kg⁻¹ (according to conditions used for digestion), and for RNAA, 10 μg kg⁻¹, meant that it was possible to determine selenium in samples previously analysed using the replicate sample instrumental nuclear activation analysis (RSINAA) with a higher detection limit associated.     

Daily dietary intake of fluoride by Slovenian Military based on analysis of total fluorine in total diet samples using fluoride ion selective electrode

The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical procedure for determination of the amount of total fluoride in total diet samples, including drinking water and beverages. Samples were taken by the duplicate portion technique and decomposed by alkali carbonate fusion using KNaCO₃, and the amount of fluoride in solution was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode using the multiple known addition technique. The mean amount of total fluoride determined in 20 total diet samples obtained from the Slovenian Military was 1.84 ± 0.70 mg/kg on a dry matter basis. Accordingly the estimated daily intake was 1.50 ± 0.56 mg.     

Determination of the daily dietary selenium intake in Croatia

 Data about selenium (Se) concentrations in the environment and its daily dietary intake in Croatia are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate daily dietary Se intake in a group of female subjects from the Zagreb area using three different approaches: direct measurement of Se in collected daily duplicate portions, daily dietary records and the indirect method of Se analysis in serum. The results were 33.2±8.82, 30.9±7.40 and 37.8±5.45 μg day^–1 (arithmetic mean ±SD) by duplicate portion, daily dietary records and the serum Se method, respectively. The results of dietary Se intake estimation showed that Se intake for the observed group of female subjects from Zagreb area is lower than in the majority of European countries, and lower than the value recommended by the World Health Organisation. Received: 17 May 1999     

富硒绿茶中锌、硒、铅、铝的溶出研究

目的研究富硒绿茶冲泡过程锌、硒、铅、铝4个元素的溶出,为科学饮茶提供指导。方法通过在实验室模拟茶叶冲泡过程,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测试了不同冲泡时间和不同冲泡次数下茶汤中锌、硒、铅、铝的溶出率。结果锌、硒的溶出在30 min内相对增长较快,并且经3~4次冲泡溶出可溶出部分达80%;铅在5 min内和第1次冲泡溶出可溶出部分达50%以上;铝在整个过程溶出平稳,总溶出率小于10%。结论锌、硒、铅、铝4个元素在不同冲泡时间和不同冲泡次数下溶出性不一致;适度洗茶,可以去除较多铅的可溶性部分,而锌、硒损失较少;长时间浸泡和多次冲泡后,各元素溶出量增加较少。     

Daily dietary sodium and potassium intake in Belgium, using duplicate portion sampling

 The daily dietary sodium and potassium intakes in Belgium were evaluated by sampling duplicate portions of food, destruction in a microwave oven and their sodium and potassium contents determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean intake for sodium (4.15±1.01 g/day) was found to be similar to values found in most other countries but well above the recommended range set by the National Research Council of the USA and the range established for Belgium. The mean intake for potassium (3.39±0.84 g/day) was somewhat higher than values for other countries and also above the recommended range for Belgium but not for the USA. Received: 24 June 1998     

Daily intake of trace metals through coffee consumption in India

The trace element contents of five varieties of instant coffee powder available in the Indian market have been analysed. Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn and Pb, Cd, Cu have been determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, respectively. The metal levels in the coffee powders observed in this study are comparable with those reported for green coffee beans (Arabica and Robusta variety) reported worldwide with the exception of Sr and Zn, which were on the lower side of the reported values. Concentrations of these metals have been converted into intake figures based on coffee consumption. The daily intakes of the above metals through ingestion of coffee are 1.4mg, 1.58 mu g, 124 mu g, 41.5mg, 4.9mg, 17.9 mu g, 2.9 mu g, 3.8 mu g, 12.5 mu g, 0.2 mu g, 0.03 mu g and 15.5 mu g, respectively. The values, which were compared with the total dietary intake of metals through ingestion by the Mumbai population, indicate that the contribution from coffee is less than or around 1% for most of the elements except for Cr and Ni which are around 3% .     

Daily dietary lithium intake in Belgium using duplicate portion sampling

 For the first time, daily dietary lithium intake for adults in Belgium has been evaluated by duplicate portion sampling, the heating of the samples in a microwave oven and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of the element. The mean intake value for adults (8.6±4.6 μg/day) is very low compared to the scarce literature data. Since the lithium requirement of humans and animals is still unknown, no comparison could be made with RDA values. Received: 20 October 1997