玉米黄色素的微胶囊化和稳定性研究

以超临界CO2流体萃取的玉米黄色素为芯材,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和β-环糊精为壁材,通过乳化、均质、喷雾干燥等工艺,制备了微胶囊玉米黄色素,并对产品的稳定性进行研究.结果表明,玉米黄色素微胶囊化最佳工艺条件为:辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和β-环糊精比值为1:1、固形物含量为20%、芯壁比为1:10,产品包埋率达88.6%.玉米黄色素对光、热、pH和金属离子的稳定性明显增强.     

高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作为微胶囊壁材的研究

以钠型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为原料,制备高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(钡型、钙型、三价铁型),并以柠檬油为芯材,高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备柠檬油微胶囊,测定了高价离子型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的离子交换率,乳液的乳化稳定性及黏度,并考察了此种淀粉酯作为微胶囊壁材对柠檬油包埋率的影响,最后利用扫描电子显微镜观察微胶囊的形貌特征。结果表明,淀粉酯中离子化合价的改变对乳液黏度、乳化稳定性和柠檬油的包埋率均有显著影响(p 0.05),其中,三价铁型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作壁材时,乳液黏度为1.04 m Pa·s,柠檬油包埋率达到了96.51%;扫描电镜分析表明,三价铁型壁材制备的微胶囊粒径最大,囊壁最厚。说明三价铁型辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯可作为一种性能良好的微胶囊壁材。     

低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作微胶囊壁材的研究

本文测定了低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和阿拉伯树胶的粘度，并分别采用低粘度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和阿拉伯树胶作色拉油微胶囊体系的壁材，测定了乳状液的乳化稳定性和产品的微胶囊包埋率及贮存稳定性。研究结果表明：低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯粘度比阿拉伯树胶低；以低粘度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材的微胶囊的包埋效果效率、贮藏稳定性优于阿拉伯树胶，且随取代度的增加低粘度辛烯摹琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材制成的微胶囊的贮存稳定性也增加。     

辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯的性质及应用研究

为获得新型的微胶囊粉末油脂乳化剂和壁材,以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,采用湿法制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,再经普鲁兰酶水解,获得辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯,并研究了辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯的性质及其在微胶囊粉末油脂中的应用。结果表明,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯经普鲁兰酶水解后,乳化性略有降低;制备的辛烯基琥珀酸直链淀粉酯具有低粘度和良好的成膜性;作为壁材和主要乳化剂制备微胶囊粉末油脂时,包埋率较高,无渗漏、破裂现象,表面油含量低,包埋效果良好;微胶囊复原乳状液对盐酸、柠檬酸及金属离子的耐受性好,在24h内未出现分层现象。     

淀粉酯的物化特性及对月见草油微胶囊品质的影响

以蜡质玉米淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酐为原料,采用不同工艺条件制备得到2种辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(OSAS1和OSAS2),分别对其红外光谱、取代度、平均分子质量、静态流变性等主要物化特性进行了研究,结果发现:2种辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的取代度无显著性差异;OSAS1的平均分子质量、表观黏度及黏度增加幅度均高于OSAS2。以OSAS1、OSAS2分别为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备月见草油微胶囊,通过测定微胶囊的表面油、包埋率、粒径、分散系数、微观形态等性质研究OSAS1和OSAS2对微胶囊品质的影响,结果表明:以OSAS2为壁材制备的微胶囊表面油含量低、包埋率高、粒径小、微胶囊表面较光滑。以上研究结果说明不同辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯在取代度相近的情况下,以低平均分子质量和低水相黏度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材制备的月见草油微胶囊品质更佳。     

淀粉基微胶囊壁材在食品中的应用

本文介绍了淀粉水解物(SHPs)、β-环糊精(β-CD)和变性淀粉(主要是辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和氧化淀粉)等淀粉基微胶囊壁材在食品中的应用，对它们各自的特点作了比较。同时也对常用的微胶囊化方法，如喷雾干燥法和挤压法作了简单介绍。     

肉豆蔻精油微胶囊化及其稳定性研究

目的:肉豆蔻精油因刺激性气味及易挥发的特点限制了其在食品中的应用,为提高肉豆蔻精油的适用性,利用喷雾干燥技术制备肉豆蔻精油微胶囊。方法:以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯/麦芽糊精(OSA/MD)为复合壁材制备微胶囊,采用气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定了包埋前后肉豆蔻精油的成分组成及相对含量,并对微胶囊稳定性进行考察。结果:制备的肉豆蔻精油微胶囊包埋率和保留率分别达到99. 28%和88. 15%,且40℃时保持稳定。结论:以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯/麦芽糊精(OSA/MD)为复合壁材,利用喷雾干燥技术制备肉豆蔻精油微胶囊包埋效果好,且稳定性得到明显提高。     

蜡质玉米淀粉的双重酯化改性及其在油脂微胶囊化中的应用

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,经乙酸酐乙酰化和辛烯基琥珀酸酐酯化得到乙酰化取代度为0.0768,酯化取代度为0.0284的乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯。将合成的乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉酯作为乳化剂应用于油脂微胶囊化中,制备出包埋率达95.71%的粉末油脂产品。     

鹿胎盘肽微胶囊技术的研究

分别以明胶、β-环糊精、多孔淀粉为包埋材料,利用超声波技术制备鹿胎盘肽微胶囊,比较了各微胶囊的性质,结果表明:明胶作为壁材.包埋率高于γ-环糊精,但从整体的包埋效果来看,以β-环糊精为壁材的微胶囊溶解性非常好,产品无腥味,缓释作用强于以明胶为壁材的微胶囊.多孔淀粉-鹿胎盘多肽为芯材的微胶囊中,明胶作为壁材的包埋效果好于β-环糊精,其包埋率最大可达到55.33%,尽管两者的包埋率都较低,但缓释作用却表现得非常明显.微胶囊化的鹿胎盘多肽抗氧化性保持较好,不易吸潮,其中以多孔淀粉一鹿胎盘多肽为芯材,β-环糊精为壁材的微胶囊活性保持最好.贮藏9 d后.抑制率仍可达到47.56%.     

淡水鱼油微胶囊的制备及其储藏稳定性

以草鱼内脏提取鱼油作为微胶囊芯材,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯分别与阿拉伯胶、玉米糖浆复配作为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备淡水鱼油微胶囊。测定2种复合壁材制备的鱼油微胶囊的性质和微观结构,并根据氧化反应动力学预测鱼油及鱼油微胶囊的货架期,气相色谱法分析微胶囊化前后鱼油和60℃储藏10d后鱼油及鱼油微胶囊脂肪酸含量的变化。结果表明:以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和玉米糖浆为壁材制备得到的鱼油微胶囊包埋率高,货架期长,储藏稳定性好,可对淡水鱼油本身的功能性成分起到良好的保护作用。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.