松萝酸的抑菌作用研究

研究松萝酸对金黄色葡萄球菌、短链芽孢杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、苏云金杆菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌作用,并将其抑菌效果与苯甲酸和山梨酸对比。结果表明,松萝酸的抑菌效果强于苯甲酸和山梨酸;对苏云金杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽杆菌、短链芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌的最小抑制浓度分别为0.500、0.557、0.557、0.525、1.76mg/ml,对它们的抑菌能力由大到小为：金黄色葡萄球菌＞短链芽孢杆菌＞枯草芽孢杆菌＞苏云金杆菌＞大肠杆菌。     

覆盆子黄酮的抑菌特性研究

本文探讨了覆盆子黄酮的抑菌作用,研究了覆盆子黄酮对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母、根霉、毛霉、青霉的抑菌作用。结果表明:覆盆子黄酮对试验菌的抑菌顺序为:金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>大肠杆菌>青霉,对啤酒酵母、根霉、毛霉没有抑菌作用,最低抑菌浓度分别为:大肠杆菌0.16 mg/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌0.08 mg/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌0.04 mg/mL,青霉0.64 mg/mL,在100℃以内,温度对覆盆子黄酮的抑菌效果没有明显的影响,抑菌率随作用时间的延长而增加,随覆盆子黄酮浓度的增加而增加,且在pH值4~8范围内,覆盆子黄酮抑菌效果稳定。     

丹参提取液体外抑菌活性研究

目的 研究丹参提取液的体外抑菌作用.方法 采用常量肉汤稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),探讨其体外抑菌作用.采用杯碟法检测丹参不同提取方式、不同灭菌方式以及改变提取液pH值对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性的影响.结果 丹参醇提液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、短小芽胞杆菌均有抑菌作用,其95%醇提液对上述菌的MIC分别为20,20,40,80,80 mg/mL,对白色念珠菌无抑菌作用.丹参醇提液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性较强;不同灭菌方式及改变提取液pH值对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性无差异.结论 丹参提取液具有一定抑菌作用.     

丹参提取液体外抑菌活性研究

目的 研究丹参提取液的体外抑菌作用.方法 采用常量肉汤稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),探讨其体外抑菌作用.采用杯碟法检测丹参不同提取方式、不同灭菌方式以及改变提取液pH值对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性的影响.结果 丹参醇提液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、短小芽胞杆菌均有抑菌作用,其95%醇提液对上述菌的MIC分别为20,20,40,80,80 mg/mL,对白色念珠菌无抑菌作用.丹参醇提液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性较强;不同灭菌方式及改变提取液pH值对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性无差异.结论 丹参提取液具有一定抑菌作用.     

赤芝胞外三萜体外抑制几种细菌生长的研究

采用管碟法实验了赤芝发酵液中胞外三萜对大肠杆菌(G-)、金黄色葡萄球菌(G+),以及枯草芽孢杆菌的体外抑菌作用。结果表明,赤芝胞外三萜组分对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有较明显的抑制作用,而对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用相对较弱;该赤芝胞外三萜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为40mg/mL;而对枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为80mg/mL。此外,该赤芝胞外三萜的抑菌成分在40℃和60℃下(处理2h)较稳定,但在80℃和100℃温度下,热稳定性较差。     

10-HDA抗菌实验的初步研究

探讨了从蜂王浆中提取10-HDA的工艺，并利用提取得到的10-HDA对实验室常见的几种细菌进行了抑菌活性实验，结果表明：10-HDA抑菌作用因菌种不同而最低抑菌浓度有所不同，大肠杆菌为0．625mg／mL、枯草芽孢杆菌为1．25mg／mL、金黄色葡萄球菌为2．5mg／mL，其抑菌效果为：大肠杆菌〉枯草芽孢杆杆菌〉金黄色葡萄球菌，实验表明对常见细菌有较好的抑制作用。     

灵芝菌丝体中灵芝酸的体外抑菌作用

采用杯碟法试验灵芝菌丝体中灵芝酸对革兰阴性菌(大肠杆菌)、革兰阳性菌f金黄色葡萄球菌),以及芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌)的体外抑菌作用.结果表明,灵芝酸组分对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有较明显的抑制作用,而对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用相对较弱;该灵芝酸对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为12.5 mg/mL;而对枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为50 mg/mL.此外,该灵芝酸的抑菌成分在40℃和60℃下(处理2 h)较稳定,但在80℃和100℃温度下,热稳定性较差.     

茵陈蒿水溶性抗菌物质提取工艺和抑菌效果研究

研究了茵陈蒿水溶性抗菌物质的提取工艺和抑菌效果。结果表明,以水为提取剂,最佳提取工艺条件是时间80min,温度60℃,加水比1∶15,且其中的主要有效成分绿原酸的含量为0.235%,茵陈蒿水提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、青霉菌、黑曲霉、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌都有抑菌作用,其最低抑菌浓度分别为:枯草芽孢杆菌为4%(含绿原酸0.188mg/mL),黑曲霉为5%(含绿原酸0.235mg/mL),青霉为5%(含绿原酸0.235mg/mL),金黄色葡萄球菌为8%(含绿原酸0.376mg/mL),大肠杆菌为12%(含绿原酸0.564mg/mL)。     

大蒜油自微乳的抑菌作用

本文研究了大蒜油自微乳（GO-SMEDDS）对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌、酿酒酵母的抑制作用。通过测定抑菌圈直径,确定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌株,通过形貌观察,以及电导率、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性的测定,综合评价大蒜油自微乳的抑菌效果。结果表明：大蒜油自微乳的抑菌作用大小依次为：真菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为1.875 mg/mL和0.469 mg/mL,最低杀菌质量浓度分别为3.750 mg/mL和0.938 mg/mL。大蒜油自微乳的抑菌机理是使大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁和细胞膜受损,引起菌体细胞内碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶泄露以及离子渗出,从而导致菌体的死亡。     

菜籽多酚抑菌作用研究

采用滤纸片扩散法测定菜籽多酚溶液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果。结果表明:0.05%～0.80%的菜籽多酚对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用,并显示浓度-效应关系。最佳抑菌浓度在0.4%左右。菜籽多酚对3种微生物的最低抑菌浓度,大肠杆菌是1.00 mg/100 mL,枯草杆菌是0.50 mg/100 mL,金黄色葡萄球菌是0.25 mg/100 mL。以上结果表明:菜籽多酚有抑菌能力,可望用于食品贮存与加工。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.