阴离子交换树脂固定化果糖基转移酶的研究

从13种离子交换树脂和吸附树脂中,筛选出固定化效果较好的大孔弱碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂D380为载体,以戊二醛为交联剂,通过先吸附后交联的方法对果糖基转移酶的固定化进行分析,并对固定化条件进行了优化。结果表明,最佳固定化条件为:加酶量为200U/g树脂,吸附pH为6.0,吸附时间为6h,吸附温度为30℃,交联剂戊二醛浓度为0.01%,交联时间为6h,交联温度为4℃,固定化酶活回收率最高可达87.6%以上。     

离子交换树脂共固定葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化氢酶

从5种大孔阴离子交换树脂中,筛选出固定化效果较好的大孔强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂D 201为载体,以戊二醛为交联剂,通过先吸附后交联的方法共固定化葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT),研究了固定化酶的制备条件和酶学性质。结果表明,共固定化的最佳条件是:GOD∶CAT=1∶1(酶活力之比),吸附p H值为7.5,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间为8 h;交联剂戊二醛质量分数为1%,交联温度4℃,交联时间8 h。在此条件下固定化,以GOD计,最高酶活回收率为30.8%。与游离酶相比,共固定化GOD-CAT树脂的热稳定性、p H稳定性均增强,间歇操作10批次后酶活力仍然保持在初始活力的90%以上。     

离子交换树脂固定化果胶酶的研究

用7种树脂对果胶酶进行固定化,选出D152大孔弱酸性阳离子交换树脂为载体,通过先吸附后交联的方法固定果胶酶。优化的固定化条件是:加酶量为每克湿树脂加1%果胶酶2.5mL,吸附pH为4.6,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间10h,交联剂戊二醛体积分数为1%,交联时间6h,交联温度4℃。     

D-塔格糖3-差向异构酶的固定化研究

从14种离子交换树脂和吸附树脂中,筛选出固定化效果较好的大孔弱碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂D301-Ⅲ为载体,以戊二醛为交联剂,通过先吸附后交联的方法对D-塔格糖3-差向异构酶的固定化进行研究。结果表明,最佳固定化条件为：加酶量为2.00mL/g（粗酶液/树脂）,吸附pH7.5,吸附时间为8h,吸附温度为30℃,戊二醛浓度为0.05%,交联时间为3h,固定化酶活回收率可达50%以上。固定化酶重复使用10次,酶活仍能稳定保持在初始酶活的65%以上,具有良好的操作稳定性。     

大孔树脂MI-BN4固定化β-呋喃果糖苷酶Fru6及催化合成低聚果糖

为了降低β-呋喃果糖苷酶Fru6使用成本,使β-2,6键型低聚果糖应用到实际中。该试验研究了对Fru6的固定化技术。通过多官能团树脂MI-BN4对Fru6进行固定化,优化了果糖苷酶Fru6固定化条件,并研究固定化酶Fru6酶学性质、固定化酶Fru6催化低聚果糖能力、以及固定化酶Fru6重复使用的能力。在吸附时间6 h,温度25℃,加酶量40 U的条件下进行固定化,可得到酶活力205. 7 U/g,酶活回收率95. 2%,蛋白吸附量0. 6 mg/g干树脂的固定化果糖苷酶。固定化酶Fru6催化合成低聚果糖能力相较于游离酶有所提高,低聚果糖转化率从62%提升到了72%,并且可重复使用12次,低聚果糖产量略有降低。得到了高酶活回收率且催化能力较好的固定化果糖苷酶,为生产6-低聚果糖奠定了基础。     

弱碱性大孔树脂固定化硫磺菌β-葡萄糖苷酶的实验研究

通过实验筛选出弱碱性大孔树脂 D301R 作为固定化酶的吸附载体.以戊二醛为交联剂,采用吸附交联相结合的方法制备了固定化硫磺菌β-葡萄糖苷酶.将 D301R 大孔树脂与硫磺菌鲜菌丝提取液混合后4℃振荡吸附 12 h,用 0.075%戊二醛20℃交联 1 h 可以获得最佳的固定化效果,酶活性回收率为 46.2%,固定化酶活性为 0.38 U/g.固定化酶的最适温度略有提高,最适 pH 不变,而温度稳定性与贮存稳定性优于溶液酶.     

海洋脂肪酶YS2071的固定化及酶学性质研究

为提高脂肪酶的利用效率,更好应用于工业化生产,研究了脂肪酶YS2071的固定化技术,筛选最优载体,通过单因素实验法对脂肪酶固定化的条件进行优化,并对其性质进行了研究。采用MI-BSI伯胺功能基吸附树脂为载体,京尼平为交联剂,吸附-交联的方法,分析了加酶量、吸附时间、吸附温度、初始pH、交联剂的浓度、交联时间等因素对脂肪酶固定化效果的影响,并通过PB实验和响应面实验,确定了最佳固定化条件:加酶量为8 mg,吸附时间8 h,吸附温度为20℃,初始pH 8.6,交联剂质量浓度为0.48 g/L,交联时间为1 h时,固定化效率最高,酶活回收率达到60%以上。     

果糖基转移酶的固定化及其性质研究

果糖基转移酶的固定化可以很方便地实现酶的回收和再利用。以HPA25L树脂为固定化载体,对果糖基转移酶进行了固定化初步研究。结果表明,其最优固定化条件为:采用先交联后固定化方法,以戊二醛为交联剂,固定化温度20℃,pH5.0,加酶量10mL/g树脂,戊二醛浓度为0.15%,得到固定化酶酶活达120U/g,酶活回收率达81%,其最适反应温度和pH分别为55℃和7.0,利用固定化酶连续反应12个批次后,酶活仍然保留达20%以上。     

固定化精氨酸脱亚胺酶的制备与性质研究

从7种大孔型离子交换树脂中筛选出固定化效果最好的弱碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂D301-G,通过先吸附后交联的方法对精氨酸脱亚胺酶进行固定化条件及固定化酶性质研究。经单因素实验,结果表明,最佳固定化条件为每克树脂加入156 U精氨酸脱亚胺酶液,p H4.0,28℃条件下吸附4 h后,在4℃冷却,加入戊二醛溶液至体系内戊二醛体积分数为0.07%,4℃下交联4 h,最优条件下固定化酶活回收率可达85%以上。固定化酶的最适温度和p H分别为50~60℃和5.0~5.5,较游离酶具有更高的温度稳定性,同时固定化酶的米氏常数Km值比游离酶高。固定化酶在重复使用8次后仍保留57.7%的酶活,表明该固定化酶具有较好的操作稳定性,可为连续生产瓜氨酸提供技术依据。     

壳聚糖微球固定化胰蛋白酶条件初探

以壳聚糖为栽体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用交联一吸附法对胰蛋白酶的固定化条件进行了初探.结果表明:酶用量、戊二醛浓度、pH值、温度等对壳聚糖微球固定化的胰蛋白酶活力有显著影响.最适固定化条件:壳聚糖0.125 g,酶用量14mg,交联剂质量分数0.2%,pH值为7.5,固定化温度35℃,交联时间2 h,吸附时间5 h.在此条件下酶活力回收率为76.57%.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.