菠萝叶纤维酶法脱胶技术

为充分利用热带农业生物资源,弥补我国天然纺织原料的短缺,对菠萝叶纤维进行了酶法脱胶技术的理论探讨和试验研究。从自然界筛选高产果胶酶菌株,发酵生产出高活性果胶酶。研究结果表明:果胶酶用量8%,pH值7.0,温度52℃,处理4 h左右菠萝叶纤维能达到良好的脱胶效果。脱胶后菠萝叶纤维再经木聚糖酶处理45 min,再用30%的H2O2处理15 min能满足纺织工艺要求。     

菠萝叶纤维纺织研究的现状

介绍了菠萝叶纤维的性能，制取方法以及预处理和脱胶，纺纱，织造，染整工艺，并例举了菲律宾纺织研究学会，印度南方纺织研究所，广西麻绢研究所和中国纺织大学等单位对菠萝叶纤维纺纱工艺的研究。     

菠萝叶纤维的开发及应用

<正>菠萝叶纤维又称凤梨麻、菠萝麻,取自于凤梨植物的叶片中,由许多纤维束紧密结合而成,它与剑麻等纤维一样,属于叶片类麻纤维。人类利用菠萝叶纤维已有较长历史。我国南方曾利用菠萝叶纤维纺纱、织布、制衣;菲律宾也是较     

菠萝叶纤维的性能与纺纱分析研究

文章详细介绍了菠萝叶纤维的形态结构、化学成分、物理机械性能等,探讨其脱胶处理并确定了较优的脱胶方案,重点介绍了菠萝叶纤维与羊毛混纺纺纱工艺及纺纱特性,并论述了其研究热点和未来的发展趋势.     

菠萝叶纤维的脱胶工艺探讨

列举了菠萝叶纤维的两种脱胶方案，对比了两种脱胶方案的脱胶效果，优选了脱胶工艺配方，讨论了氢氧化钠浓度、煮练时间对脱胶效果的影响，并通过正交试验确定氢氧化钠浓度为4％，煮练时间为2．5h，采用化学松解。另外，介绍了超声波在菠萝叶纤维脱胶中的应用。     

菠萝纤维的研究进展

介绍了菠萝纤维的结构特点、物理机械性能、可纺性和染色性能;同时还介绍了菠萝纤维的提取和脱胶方法,并分析了菠萝纤维的应用领域.菠萝纤维具有良好的抑菌防臭性能,是优良的功能性生态纺织材料,已经被应用于纺织服装和产用材料的生产中.     

菠萝纤维的研究进展

介绍了菠萝纤维的结构特点、物理机械性能、可纺性和染色性能；同时还介绍了菠萝纤维的提取和脱胶方法，并分析了菠萝纤维的应用领域。菠萝纤维具有良好的抑菌防臭性能，是优良的功能性生态纺织材料，已经被应用于纺织服装和产用材料的生产中。     

菠萝叶纤维脱胶工艺探讨

研究了不同脱胶工艺参数对菠萝叶纤维物理性能的影响,通过正交试验,选择了不同的工艺参数:煮练NaOH浓度、煮练时间、精练NaOH浓度、精练时间和酸洗H2SO4浓度,对菠萝叶纤维进行脱胶试验,分析不同参数对菠萝叶纤维脱胶效果的影响,包括脱胶纤维的残胶率、线密度、平均断裂强度等.结果表明,在多因素下,煮练时间对菠萝叶脱胶纤维残胶率的影响最为显著;精练NaOH浓度对线密度的影响最为显著;酸洗H2SO4浓度对平均断裂强度的影响最为显著,并得到了最佳的脱胶工艺参数组合.     

菠萝叶纤维的性能及应用

文章主要介绍了菠萝叶纤维的现状及各项性能,讨论了其应用和开发前景。     

包覆纺纱技术的现状及发展趋势

包覆纱无论在原料适用性、成纱性能、最终产品风格方面都优势明显，极具发展前景。文章主要介绍了包覆纱在国内外的发展现状和发展趋势，分析了空心锭子纺纱机的纺纱原理，并阐述了包覆纱的产品开发和应用。     

Development of Apparels from Silk Waste and Pineapple Leaf Fiber

The degummed mulberry silk waste and eri silk waste were blended with degummed and bleached pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) at fiber stage in different proportions, and spun into yarn in a jute spinning system. The 90-tex blended yarn thus developed was analyzed for different physico-mechanical properties. Properties of fabric developed in a traditional handloom using 2/40-s cotton as warp and blended yarn as weft were also analyzed. The quality parameters, viz., tensile property, crease recovery, fabric cover, stiffness, drape, and thickness of the developed fabric, met essential apparel requirements. A comparative subjective evaluation of the fabric quality, viz., aesthetic appearance, luster, and texture, was made with the help of a group of people from different age, educational, and occupational background to examine its marketability; all respondents felt that appearance of PALF with silk waste was excellent. Texture and luster were found to be from medium to moderate. About 95% of respondents felt that fabric was crispy.     

Evaluation of Biodegradation of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced PVA Composites

Composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) reinforced with different weight percentages of pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were fabricated and evaluated for biodegradation by soil burial test and plate test. FTIR analysis indicated the existence of a chemical interaction between PVA and PALF. The water uptake study showed that the composites with higher fiber content displayed high tensile strength and brittleness but possessed lower water uptake potential. In the soil burial test, the composites with low matrix to filler ratios exhibited higher rates of degradation as evident by the associated decrease in molecular weights. Plate test performed using Pseudomonas putida showed that the composites were susceptible for degradation by bacteria. The results of this study indicated that PALF-reinforced PVA composites were completely biodegradable and could find potential applications in industries such as agriculture and packaging and safely disposed after use without causing environmental damage.     

纳米纤维的研究现状及其应用

介绍了纳米材料的概念和主要特点，重点讨论了纳米纤维的主要加工方法及其在各个领域的应用，包括静电纺丝法、海岛型双组分复合纺丝法、聚合过程中直接制造直径纳米级纤维、原纤化法、分子喷丝板纺丝法等加工方法以及纳米纤维在服装、医药、能源及航空航天等领域的应用。     

罗布麻叶抗菌粘胶纤维的纺丝及性能研究

文章将制备好的罗布麻叶提取物与粘胶纺丝液的共混液进行纺丝,制得具有抗菌功能的罗布麻叶抗菌粘胶纤维,并对其相关性能进行了测试。结果表明罗布麻叶抗菌粘胶纤维的各项基本性能符合国家标准的要求,抗菌性能指标超过了国家标准。从而证明了采用罗布麻叶提取物来生产罗布麻叶抗菌粘胶纤维是可行的。     

仪纶特性及其产品开发方向

本文介绍了一种新型共聚酯(聚酰胺酯)型合成纤维——仪纶。重点介绍了仪纶的特性及其在纺纱、染整工序中的注意事项,并简要介绍了仪纶的应用领域。     

Extraction and Application of Dietary Fiber and Cellulose from Pineapple Cores

Pineapple core dietary fiber (PDF) was obtained by alcoholic extraction; pineapple core cellulose (PC) was a product of alkali extraction with a bleaching process. Total dietary fiber content of PDF and PC was 99.8% and 95.2% (dry basis), respectively, and their water activity was 0.25. PC contained 91.2% cellulose with a pH value of 4.0, while that of PDF was 6.2. The fiber product with large particle size gave higher values than the product with smaller particles for pH, water and oil retention capacity, settling volume and emulsifying activity. Both had rough, pitted surfaces and presented showed good functions in cake-type doughnuts, golden layer cake and beef burgers.     

脱胶方法对菠萝叶纤维结构和性能的影响

采用SEM、FT-IR、TG、DTG、DSC和力学性能测试方法研究了酶法脱胶对菠萝叶纤维的结构和性能的影响,并与化学脱胶的菠萝叶纤维进行比较.结果表明:菠萝叶纤维酶法脱胶相比化学脱胶表面杂质较多,纤维分离度较差;半纤维素吸收峰仍然存在,纯度较低;热稳定性好于化学脱胶的菠萝叶纤维;断裂强度和线密度相比化学脱胶纤维较大.