SYBR Green实时荧光PCR检测食品中鲨鱼源性成分真实性方法的建立

为确保鲨鱼产品的真实性,作者研究建立了食品中鲨鱼源性成分的SYBR Green实时荧光PCR鉴定方法.运用建立的SYBR Green实时荧光PCR方法对9种鲨鱼及48种常见非鲨鱼类动植物样品进行检测,9种鲨鱼样品均出现扩增曲线,且熔解曲线在(84±1.5)℃内出现峰值;其他非鲨鱼样品中均未出现扩增曲线,熔解曲线在(84±1.5)℃也未出现峰值.该检测方法的检测限为0.0001 ng/μL鲨鱼DNA和质量分数0.01％狗鲨肉粉.运用建立的方法对20种常见的鲨鱼产品进行PCR检测,除仿鱼翅和鲨鱼肝油外所有产品中均能检测出鲨鱼成分.结果表明,该检测方法特异性强,灵敏度高,能够用于食品中鲨鱼源性成分的真实性鉴别.     

食品中鱼源性成分PCR的检测方法

研究建立了食品中鱼源性成分的普通PCR检测方法,该方法特异、灵敏。应用鱼源性引物对35种鱼类、24种非鱼类动物和10种植物样品进行PCR检测,只在35种鱼类中出现224bp特异扩增条带,在其他的非鱼类动植物DNA中未出现扩增条带,实验表明,该PCR检测方法具有特异性。该检测方法的检测限为0.1ngDNA和0.1%(W/W)。运用建立的方法对市场上的80个不同类别的食品样品进行检测,其中有13个样品错误标识了鱼源性成分。该检测方法能够用于食品中鱼源性成分的鉴别。     

Taqman探针荧光PCR检测鲨鱼源性成分

针对鲨鱼产品掺杂造假增多而缺乏有效鉴定技术的情况,作者根据Gen Bank中鲨鱼基因的线粒体DNA(mt DNA)序列,使用分子生物学软件Primer Express 2.0设计了一套特异性引物和探针,用来建立Taqman探针荧光PCR检测鲨鱼源性成分的方法。结果表明,对13份已鉴定为鲨鱼鱼翅的样品进行检测,全部出现特异性扩增曲线,阴性对照没有荧光增长。方法特异性强,对市场购买的12份鲨鱼源性样品及9份其他鱼类样品进行检测,12份鲨鱼样品均出现荧光扩增曲线,而非鲨鱼样品均未出现荧光增长;方法灵敏度较高,可检测到的最低质粒拷贝数量级为10拷贝/μL;方法快速准确,操作简便,重复性好,稳定可靠,可应用于市场上鱼翅等常见鲨鱼源性产品的真假鉴定。     

普通聚合酶链式反应鉴定牛肉及其制品中的牛源性成分

依据牛种属的线粒体细胞色素b(cytochrome b,Cytb)基因上的保守序列设计牛源特异性引物对,建立一种特异性强、灵敏性高、耗时短的鉴定食品中牛源性成分的聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法。选取牦牛、水牛、黄牛品种及羊、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅、兔、马、驴、鱼、大豆、玉米等动植物源成分进行特异性试验。结果显示:所建立的方法高度特异于牛源性检测,其他非牛动植物源成分均无扩增条带。采用常见的牛品种进行灵敏性试验,结果显示所建立的方法可检测到的最低牛DNA量为0. 2 pg;将牛肉分别与猪肉、驴肉、羊肉、大豆组织混合进行PCR测定,结果表明最低检测限为鲜样品含0. 01%质量分数的牛源成分,高压121℃、0. 1MPa,20 min处理样品含0. 01%质量分数的牛源成分。对市售食品中牛源性成分检测结果与现行PCR牛源性成分检测标准方法的检测结果 100%一致。     

鱼翅类食品中鲨鱼成分PCR鉴定方法研究

本文针对鱼翅中的鲨鱼成分进行检测鉴定开发了一种快速灵敏的PCR检测方法,可检测鱼翅类食品中是否存在鲨鱼成分。根据鲨鱼线粒体的细胞色素亚基I基因序列设计了鲨鱼特异性引物,扩增长度为228 bp;为了评价方法的特异性,将设计的引物分别针对22份鱼翅样品DNA和37种其它种类DNA进行PCR检测,结果显示,只在鲨鱼鱼翅中能检测出特异的228 bp条带,其它37种物种中均无条带检出。为了评价方法的灵敏度,将鱼翅DNA中掺入了不同比例土豆DNA的样品采用本方法进行了PCR分析,显示方法可检测灵敏度为0.1%(m/m)。随机抽取45份不同类型的鱼翅样品,检测出22份鲨鱼翅均含鲨鱼成分,而21份仿鱼翅均不含鲨鱼成分而含有植物成分。该样品前处理方法、DNA提取方法以及PCR检测方法可广泛应用于食品中鲨鱼成分检测鉴定。     

食品和饲料中火鸡源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法

为对产品真实性提供技术支撑,作者建立了食品和饲料中火鸡源性成分的检测方法。采用TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR方法,对火鸡源性成分特异性、灵敏度进行检测并进行实际应用。实验表明,建立的检测方法具有特异性和高灵敏度,检测限为0.001%。通过对市售食品和饲料样品的检测,建立的方法适用于食品和饲料中火鸡源性成分的检测。     

食品中动物源性成分的多重PCR快速检测

目的利用多重PCR技术对市售的多种食品进行检测,确定动物源性成分的种类,进行掺假及真伪鉴别。方法对鸡、猪、牛、兔、绵羊、山羊、马、鹿8种动物源性产品进行DNA提取,根据不同动物线粒体DNA设计特异性引物,根据脊椎动物细胞色素b基因mt DNA序列设计通用引物作为内源参照,对8种动物源性产品的DNA进行多重PCR扩增,同时对多种成分进行鉴定。结果琼脂糖凝胶电泳表明,此方法能同时扩增出8种动物的特异性条带,检测灵敏度达到0.01%。结论所建立的鉴定多种动物源性成分的新方法,操作简便、快速准确,可为各检验机构对食品进行检测提供方法指导。     

鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法 Key words:

本研究通过鲨鱼线粒体基因组的部分序列,设计了鲨鱼的特异性引物和探针,建立了鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分检测的一种新方法,据此可鉴别鱼翅制品的品质。通过物种特异性实验和灵敏度测试,表明所设计的引物和探针具有较好的物种特异性,所建立的方法具有较高的灵敏度：DNA浓度的检测灵敏度可达0.01 ng/?L,重量检测灵敏度可达0.1%（m/m）。采用该方法并结合植物源性基因检测方法对市场上随机抽取的25份鱼翅制品进行检测,其中18份样品检出鲨鱼源性成分而未检出植物源性成分,7份样品未检出鲨鱼源性成分而检出植物源性成分,表明这7份样品不是真鱼翅制品,而是采用了植物成分仿制而成。本研究所建立的方法快速、灵敏、简单,适用于市场上鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的快速检测。     

PCR检测食品中致敏原虾源性成分

目的 建立食品中致敏原虾源性成分的PCR检测方法。方法 选择虾的16S rRNA基因作为物种鉴定的特异性标记基因, 设计适合于PCR扩增的引物, 进行虾的16S rRNA基因特异性和灵敏性检测。结果 通过对14种虾、5种蟹、24种鱼、12种贝类以及章鱼等56种样品进行PCR检测, 结果表明, 可以很好地鉴别虾源性成分。为研究食品加工过程对检测灵敏度的影响, 以虾肉和鱼肉为代表, 进行133 ℃热处理30 min的过程, 检测灵敏度可达到在鱼肉粉中检出0.05%含量的虾源性成分。结论 该方法特异、灵敏、准确, 适于食品中致敏原虾源性成分的检测。     

鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法

本研究通过鲨鱼线粒体基因组的部分序列,设计了鲨鱼的特异性引物和探针,建立了鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分检测的一种新方法,据此可鉴别鱼翅制品的品质。通过物种特异性实验和灵敏度测试,表明所设计的引物和探针具有较好的物种特异性,所建立的方法具有较高的灵敏度:DNA浓度的检测灵敏度可达0.01 ng/μL,重量检测灵敏度可达0.1%(m/m)。采用该方法并结合植物源性基因检测方法对市场上随机抽取的25份鱼翅制品进行检测,其中18份样品检出鲨鱼源性成分而未检出植物源性成分,7份样品未检出鲨鱼源性成分而检出植物源性成分,表明这7份样品不是真鱼翅制品,而是采用了植物成分仿制而成。本研究所建立的方法快速、灵敏、简单,适用于市场上鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的快速检测。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.