酚类物质对葡萄酒品质的影响

葡萄与葡萄酒中常见的酚类物质可分为类黄酮和非类黄酮两大类,它们是葡萄中重要的次生代谢产物,与葡萄的抗病性、采后生理、贮存、保鲜等密切相关。葡萄酒中的酚类物质主要来自于葡萄果实、果梗、酵母代谢以及橡木桶,参与形成葡萄酒的味道、骨架、结构和颜色等,对红葡萄酒的风格特征和品质有着非常重要的影响。     

葡萄酒酚类物质研究进展

酚类物质作为葡萄酒的“骨架成分”,在葡萄酒中起着重要作用,不仅影响葡萄酒的颜色、滋味和口味等,还具有抗氧化作用。概述了葡萄酒中主要的酚类物质及其作用研究进展。     

葡萄酒酚类物质的研究进展

葡萄酒中含有多种酚类成分,这些成分在葡萄酒中起着重要的作用,首先,影响葡萄酒的口感,使葡萄酒具有苦味和收敛性,尤其是红酒;第二,影响葡萄酒的颜色;第三,起到防腐的作用,延长酒的寿命;第四,在葡萄酒中起抗氧化作用.文中介绍了葡萄酒中主要的多酚类化合物及作用.     

反复冻融对葡萄酒中酚类物质的影响

近年来,葡萄酒以其独特的风味与诸多保健功能而备受消费者青睐。酚类物质作为葡萄酒中重要的组成成分,对于葡萄酒的感官品质以及营养价值都有着极其重要的贡献。然而,受限于现阶段的生产和运输条件,葡萄酒在生产、运输和贮藏过程中可能会经历反复的冷冻和融化（冻融）。本研究采用高效液相色谱-三重串联四极杆质谱联用仪（HPLC/QqQ-MS/MS）对反复冻融0～5次的葡萄酒样品（5款红葡萄酒、3款白葡萄酒）中的酚类物质进行分析。结果表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,总花色苷含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势,且酰基化花色苷的降解速率低于未酰基化的花色苷;对其它酚类物质来说,反复冻融可能会促进单宁类物质降解形成某些单体酚,而其它非花色苷酚类物质含量基本保持不变。结论：在葡萄酒的生产和储运过程中,应尽量避免反复冻融或者减少冻融次数,以保证葡萄酒的品质。     

主成分分析法研究酚类物质对葡萄酒品质的影响

利用主成分分析法研究了葡萄酒中酚类物质对葡萄酒品质的影响.结果表明,几茶素、没食子酸、绿原酸和芦丁对葡萄酒品质影响最大.儿茶素、没食子酸的影响是正面的,芦丁和绿原酸的影响是负面的.     

用HPLC法测定干红葡萄酒中的酚类物质

建立了用HPLC测定干红葡萄酒中11种酚类物质的方法，该法具有定量准确，快速的特点，在实验条件下，各物质的含量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系，且回收率较高。     

酚类物质的结构与性质及其与葡萄及葡萄酒的关系

酚类物质是一类大而复杂的化合物。葡萄与葡萄酒中常见的酚类物质可分为类黄酮和非类黄酮两大类，它们是葡萄中重要的次生代谢产物，与葡萄的抗病性、采后生理、贮存、保鲜等密切相关。葡萄酒中的酚类物质来自于葡萄果实、果梗、酵母代谢以及橡木桶，参与形成葡萄酒的味道、骨架、结构和颜色等，对红葡萄酒的特征和质量尤其重要。     

中国葡萄酒酚类物质的研究通过鉴定

2007年2月3日，由中国农大葡萄酒科技发展中心和中粮集团华夏长城葡萄酒有限公司完成的“中国葡萄酒酚类物质的研究”项目通过了教育部组织的科技成果鉴定。     

3个主要产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒酚类物质及花色苷的分析

分析了山东烟台、河北昌黎和新疆伊犁3个产区的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒中总酚、单宁、多酚及花色苷物质种类与含量.结果表明,不同产区酒的总酚含量差异不大,但单宁含量差异显著;检测出10种多酚物质,均以儿茶素,没食子酸、水杨酸含量较高,但3个产区酒中的其它多酚物质含量高低不一;而检测出9种花色素苷物质,各个产区酒中的含量表现出极强的相似性,二甲花翠素3-O-葡萄糖苷占相对含量50%以上,其次是二甲花翠素3-O-(6-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷,其它7种花色素苷物质含量均较少,浓度差异不大;3个产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的感官质量表现各有其特点.     

产地与品种对葡萄酒中酚类物质含量的影响

选取同一产地(天水)3 个葡萄品种：“西拉(Shiraz)”、“蛇龙珠 (Carbernet Gernischet)”、“赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)”所酿制的新鲜干红葡萄酒以及5 个不同产地(天水、和硕、玛纳斯、延庆和怀来)赤霞珠葡萄酒,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析葡萄酒中11 种酚酸、5 种黄烷-3- 醇、10 种黄酮醇和2 种黄酮的含量。结果表明：同一产地不同品种和同一品种不同产地间的葡萄酒中酚类物质的含量都存在显著差异。其中,赤霞珠葡萄酒是3 个葡萄品种中酚类物质含量最高的品种;在5 个不同产地中,延庆赤霞珠葡萄酒中酚酸含量最高,黄烷-3- 醇含量最高的为和硕赤霞珠葡萄酒,而怀来赤霞珠葡萄酒中所含黄酮醇含量最高。     

微氧技术在葡萄酒酿造中的应用

文章主要介绍微氧技术应用的设备和一般原则,及微氧处理对于葡萄酒颜色、口感和理化指标的影响,并展望微氧技术在葡萄酒酿造中的应用前景及应注意的问题.     

微氧处理技术在葡萄酒陈酿中的应用

微氧处理技术是指以专用的微氧处理装置,向葡萄酒中有控制地通入微量的氧气,也可以辅助使用橡木片或橡木替代品,从而优化葡萄酒的陈酿条件,达到提高葡萄酒质量的目的。此项技术可以有效地稳定葡萄酒的颜色,改善口感,提高葡萄酒的感官质量。本文研究了微氧处理技术对干红葡萄酒陈酿的作用,找出了适当的处理条件。该项技术可以部分替代橡木桶陈酿,显著缩短陈酿周期,大大降低葡萄酒陈酿成本,提高企业生产能力和经济效益。     

微氧处理在干红葡萄酒陈酿中的应用研究进展

葡萄酒微氧处理是通过精确控制氧气添加速率在不锈钢罐中模拟橡木桶陈酿的技术,既节约生产成本也缩短生产周期。本文在详细介绍微氧处理设备及其工作原理的基础上,系统概述了影响葡萄酒微氧处理的主要因素以及处理过程中的综合监控,以期反映当前葡萄酒陈酿过程中微氧处理的最新研究进展及应用前景。      

Impact of exogenous tannin additions on wine chemistry and wine sensory character

Tannins are an important part of wine quality and are frequently added during winemaking. Tannin additives and their impact on wine are poorly documented. This work sought to characterize a range of enological tannins and their contribution to wine quality. Enological tannins were analysed for protein precipitable tannins and iron reactive phenolics. One tannin product was added to a Merlot wine during barrel ageing, at a range of concentrations from 60 to 300 mg/l. Condensed and hydrolysable tannins were added to Cabernet Sauvignon wine post-pressing at a recommended and excessive rate. Wines were analysed for anthocyanin, small and large polymeric pigment, precipitable tannin, iron reactive phenolics and sensory character. Enological tannins contained 12-48% tannin and recommended additions had little impact on wine tannin. High tannin additions were readily measured in the wines and were discriminated in sensory analysis with lower intensities of most parameters except brown colour, bitterness and earthy character. Recommended addition rates are too low to impact the measured tannin concentration of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Washington (USA). High enological tannin additions had a measureable impact on final wine had a negative impact on sensory character. Tannins are added to wines for a range of reasons and represent one of many input costs in an industry increasingly seeking efficiencies in response to global economic circumstances, over-supply and an ongoing price point squeeze. This research suggests many tannin additions may be unjustified and have limited or negative impacts on quality.     

Effect of micro-oxygenation on sensory characteristics and consumer preference of Cabernet Sauvignon wine

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to improve the structure of a Cabernet Sauvignon red wine in a short period of time by micro‐oxygenation (MOX) at high rates (25 and 50 mL L^?1 month^?1), the effects of which were evaluated based on sensory characteristics and consumer preference. Sensory data were analysed by principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and ordinal logistic regression (OLR). RESULTS: MOX led to significant differences in the colour, colour stability and phenolic compounds of wine. Sensory characteristics also changed through MOX treatment, and wine experts were able to discriminate between MOX‐treated and untreated samples, with olfactory intensity, complexity, astringency and roundness being the main discriminating characteristics. Ordinal logistic regression enabled identification of the sensory characteristics that drove consumer preference. CONCLUSION: MOX at high rates improved the sensory characteristics of wine and may therefore be considered a valid technique for obtaining structured wines in a short period of time, i.e. within just a few months after the vintage. The results highlight the need for (i) careful selection of the MOX dosage rate and duration (the 25 mL L^?1 month^?1 dose for 6 days provided the best result) and (ii) continuous monitoring of the MOX treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

葡萄酒苹果酸-乳酸发酵工艺控制研究进展

本文介绍了苹果酸-乳酸发酵(MLF)的机理、引发MLF的微生物及其在葡萄酒酿造中的作用,对影响MLF环境因素和现代发酵工程技术(固定化技术)在MLF中新的应用与发展也作了阐述.     

Oak barrel maturation vs. micro-oxygenation: Effect on the formation of anthocyanin-derived pigments and wine colour

The objective of this study was to check whether micro-oxygenation (MO) could mimic oak barrel ageing as regard the effect on wine colour. A red wine was submitted to micro-oxygenation for three months while another lot from the same wine was matured in oak barrels for three or six months. After these times, oak-matured and micro-oxygenated wines were bottled and analyzed six months later. The chromatic characteristics of these wines were also compared with those of a control wine that remained in a stainless steel tank all the time. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-derived compounds were studied by LC–ESI-MS. Monomeric anthocyanins and other compounds including direct anthocyanin–flavanol adducts, ethyl-linked anthocyanin–flavanol compounds, and pyranoanthocyanins were detected. The application of MO for three months produced wines with a lower concentration of monomeric anthocyanins and a higher concentration of vitisin-related pigments than the control wine, the oak mature wines showing similar results than MO wines when aged for the same period of time. Differences were also observed in the chromatic characteristics, the micro-oxygenated and the oak matured wines showing a higher colour intensity than control wine. However, after six months in bottle differences were found between the micro-oxygenated wines and oak matured wines, the latter showing a more stable colour, probably due to the beneficial effects of compounds extracted from the wood (e.g. ellagitannins or wood aldehydes).     

Influence of the heterogeneity of grape phenolic maturity on wine composition and quality

Nowadays, consumers demand red wines with deep colour, soft tannins and fruit scents, but these wines can only be obtained from grapes with complete phenolic maturity. Diverse methods have been proposed for measuring phenolic maturity. However, all these methods only provide the average value and do not consider any possible heterogeneity. Throughout ripening, grapes were separated according to their density, which revealed the existence of a large heterogeneity. Grapes at harvest were also separated by density in three groups. The higher the density of the grapes the higher ethanol content, pH, colour intensity, total phenolic index and anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin concentrations, and the lower the titratable acidity and bitterness of the wines. When the grapes were denser the wines were also better balanced in flavour and mouthfeel sensation. These results suggest that grape heterogeneity may influence the final wine composition and quality and therefore it should be considered at harvest.     

Influence of chips,lees and micro-oxygenation during aging on the phenolic composition of a red Sangiovese wine

A red Sangiovese wine was aged using separate or combined different technological treatments and techniques (chips, chips and micro-oxygenation, chips and lees and micro-oxygenation), to evaluate their influence on phenolic compounds.