日粮添加稀土壳糖胺降低蛋白水平对小鼠生长的影响

研究在日粮中添加0.05％稀土壳糖胺条件下,降低日粮蛋白水平对小鼠生长性能的影响.试验选用60只小鼠,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每重复4只,各组间平均初始体重差异不显著.试验Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮(含20％粗蛋白质),试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加0.05％稀土壳糖胺,试验Ⅲ组饲喂低蛋白日粮(含18％粗蛋白质),添加0.05％稀土壳糖胺.结果表明:试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比,小鼠的平均采食量无显著差异,平均增重极显著高于对照组,料重比差异不显著;与试验Ⅱ组相比,小鼠的平均采食量显著增加,平均增重无显著差异,料重比极显著提高.本试验条件下稀土壳糖胺适宜的添加水平为0.05％.     

NSP酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响

选用1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡256只,随机分为4个组:1组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮.2组饲喂在1组日粮基础上降低代谢能0.21 MJ/kg的日粮,3组饲喂"2组日粮+200 g/t酶制剂",4组饲喂"2组日粮+400 g/t酶制剂",研究NSP酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分代谢的影响.结果表明:3、4组平均日增重、料重比均不同程度的优于2组;3、4组在42日龄时能量、干物质和粗蛋白质等养分代谢率也提高;4组的表观代谢能比2、1组分别提高了2.23%(P<0.05)和0.98%(P>0.05),真代谢能与2、1组相比分别提高了2.06%(P<0.05)和0.89%(P>0.05);3、4组的营养物质代谢率与2、1组相比有1.5%～8.5%(P<0.05)的改善幅度.     

凹凸棒石黏土对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标和血液及肝脏镁含量的影响

360羽1日龄的AA肉鸡随机分成3组,即分别饲喂基础日粮的对照组及在基础日粮中添加5%凹凸棒石黏土和5%改性凹凸棒石黏土的试验组,研究凹凸棒石黏土对内鸡生产性能、免疫指标和血液及肝脏镁含量的影响.结果表明,与对照组相比,凹土组和改性凹土组肉鸡的平均体重、平均日增重、料肉比均无显著差异,但能降低单位增重成本.凹土组和改性凹土组的脾脏指数和胸腺指数均无显著差异,但42日龄胸腺指数比对照组分别增加26.3%和31.6%.凹土组和改性凹土组21日龄血浆镁含量极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),肝脏镁含量无显著差异(P＞0.05);凹土组和改性凹土组42日龄血浆和肝脏镁含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05),但凹土组血浆镁含量比对照组增加12.1%,肝脏镁含量比对照组增加14.8%.     

黄腐酸对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

将2 000只400日龄健康海塞克斯蛋鸡随机分成2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮.试验组在基础日粮中添加0.5 g/d黄腐酸产品,研究其对蛋鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组平均蛋重极显著提高7.40%、平均产蛋率极显著提高5.20%、料蛋比极显著降低15.07%、死亡率降低90%、破蛋率降低42.5%、平均耗料量降低4.04%.     

饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响

研究饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响,60只1日龄AA+公、母混合雏随机分成2个处理组,分别饲喂细粒、粗粒饲粮至14日龄。结果表明:与细粒饲粮组相比,饲喂粗粒饲粮组肉仔鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重极显著提高(P0.01),料重比极显著降低(P0.01),十二指肠绒毛、空肠绒毛、回肠绒毛高度极显著增长(P0.01);十二指肠、回肠绒毛隐窝深度差异不显著,空肠绒毛隐窝深度极显著减小(P0.01);十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠壁厚度极显著变薄(P0.01)。     

中草药添加剂与土霉素对仔猪生长及腹泻的比较研究

试验采用完全随机分组的试验设计,共设4个组:第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组饲喂"基础日粮+100mg/(kg体重)的土霉素";第3组饲喂"基础日粮+中草药配方1(2.0%)";第4组饲喂"基础日粮+中草药配方2(2.0%)"。将其分别对30日龄左右的断奶荣昌仔猪进行为期30d的比较试验。试验结果表明,与对照组相比较,第4组的效果最好,能明显提高断奶仔猪的日增重(P<0.05),显著降低饲料转化率和腹泻率(P<0.01),而且经济效益较高,在饲料生产中可以作为抗生素添加剂的理想替代品。     

小麦基础日粮添加木聚糖酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用 30 0 0羽 4 0周龄依莎褐壳蛋鸡 ,随机分成 2组 ,分别设为对照组和试验组。每组 3个重复 ,每个重复 5 0 0羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组在对照组基础上添加 0 .1%的木聚糖酶。研究结果表明 ,试验组与对照组相比 ,平均产蛋率提高6 .17% (P <0 .0 1) ,平均蛋重提高 5 .2 4 % (P <0 .0 1) ,料蛋比降低 11.3% (P <0 .0 1) ,差异均达到极显著水平。     

日粮中添加DDGS对五指山大猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

研究饲粮中添加两种不同水平的DDGS对五指山猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择48头体重约18kg的五指山大猪,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、II组DDGS使用量分别是22%,25%,进行为期30d的饲养试验。结果表明,与饲喂基础饲粮组相比,22%DDGS组平均增重、平均日增重和料重比差异不显著;25%DDGS组平均增重和平均日增重显著降低,料重比增加显著。3个组平均增重所需的饲料成本分别为13.57、12.80和12.87元/kg。本试验条件下,五指山大猪饲料中DDGS适宜添加水平为22%。     

复合益生菌对奶牛免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

研究复合益生菌（乳酸菌、酵母菌和芽孢杆菌等）对奶牛免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。对照组不饲喂益生菌,低剂量益生菌组和高剂量益生菌组分别一次性饲喂50和100 ml/（头·d）益生菌液。各处理组基础日粮相同,试验期为60 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,高剂量益生菌组血清IgG含量显著升高,过氧化氢酶水平则极显著升高,丙二醛含量极显著降低,其他各项指标则与对照组相比差异不显著。饲粮中添加一定剂量的复合益生菌制剂对奶牛免疫功能和抗氧化功能均有一定促进作用。     

硫酸黏杆菌素与不同抗生素配伍对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究硫酸黏杆菌素与不同抗生素药物组合对早期断奶仔猪的应用效果,对照组饲喂"基础日粮 硫酸黏杆菌素(20 mg/kg)",试验各组分别在对照组的基础上另添加黄霉素(6 mg/kg)、杆菌肽锌(30 mg/kg)、那西肽(5 mg/kg),测定各组仔猪的平均日增重、饲料转化率和腹泻率.结果表明:试验1、2和3组平均日增重较对照组分别提高21.7%、19.6%、10.1%(P＜0.05);料肉比分别降低13.4%、12.4%、8.1%(P＜0.05);腹泻率分别降低65.2%、61.5%、47.8%(P＜0.01);且黄霉素组和杆菌肽锌组平均日增重显著高于那西肽组(P＜0.05).     

亚麻籽和茶多酚对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血液抗氧化能力和肌肉不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响

研究以亚麻籽为n-3 PUFA来源的肉鸭饲粮中添加茶多酚(TP),对其生长性能、屠宰性能、抗氧化能力和肌肉不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响。选用240只1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为4组,其中对照组饲喂基础饲粮,实验组一、二、三分别饲喂含3%亚麻籽、3%亚麻籽+100 mg/kg TP、3%亚麻籽+200 mg/kg TP的实验饲粮。实验期为40d。结果表明:实验组一的平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)显著高于对照组(P 0.05);实验组二、三的ADFI和F/G与对照组差异不显著(P 0. 05)。屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率各组间均差异不显著(P 0. 05)。实验组三血浆的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力显著高于对照组(P 0. 01),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P 0. 01)。各实验组腿肌中n-3 PUFA的含量均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。因此,饲粮中添加3%亚麻籽会显著增加樱桃谷肉鸭的料重比,以及肌肉中n-3PUFA的含量,但对屠宰性能无显著影响。在肉鸭饲粮中添加3%亚麻籽用于生产富含n-3 PUFA肉产品时加入200 mg/kg TP对肉鸭生长性能及机体抗氧化效果最佳。     

Growth performance,carcass characteristics,organs measurement and haematology of broiler chickens fed a high fibre diet supplemented with antibiotics or dried yeast

Four antibiotics, namely procaine penicillin, tylosin, streptomycin and neomycin-oxytetracycline each at 150 mg · kg^?1, and four levels of dried yeast, viz. 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.5 g · kg^?1 were incorporated into a basal high fibre diet containing 250 g · kg^?1 palm kernel meal. The unsupplemented diet was the control. The nine experimental diets were fed to broilers between 7 and 42 days of age to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics, organ weights and haematology in response to the supplements. The investigation revealed that broilers fed antibiotics or dried yeast supplemented diets attained heavier (P < 0.05) body weights, consumed greater (P < 0.05) quantities of feed except on penicillin and 6.0 g · kg^?1 dried yeast, converted the feed better (P < 0.05), and yielded heavier carcass and cut-parts than those fed the unsupplemented diet. Organ weights were similar in broilers on the treatments, except the greater (P < 0.05) hepatic, spleenic and gizzard weights and lengthier intestinal tracts in birds fed dried yeast. Haematological indices were superior (P < 0.05) in broilers fed supplemented diets to the basal group. The data suggest improvement in performance, carcass yield and haematology of broilers as a result of antibiotics or dried yeast supplementation of a high fibre diet.     

乳酸菌发酵胡柚汁对小鼠肥胖的调节作用

为研究乳酸菌发酵胡柚汁对小鼠肥胖的调节作用,利用植物乳杆菌L1（Lactobacillus plantarum L1）和发酵乳杆菌L2（Lactobacillus fermentum L2）混合发酵制备发酵胡柚汁,小鼠经高脂饮食适应性饲养7 d后将其分为低脂饮食组、高脂饮食组、高脂饮食＋发酵胡柚汁组和高脂饮食＋未发酵胡柚汁组,通过高脂饮食诱导建立肥胖小鼠模型,经过8 周的发酵胡柚汁和未发酵胡柚汁灌胃,分析小鼠血清生化指标和肝脏抗氧化指标,并对肝脏组织切片进行观察。结果表明：与高脂饮食组相比,高脂饮食＋发酵胡柚汁组和高脂饮食＋未发酵胡柚汁组小鼠灌胃8 周后体质量显著减轻（P＜0.05）,血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇质量浓度总体显著降低（P＜0.05）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇质量浓度显著升高（P＜0.05）,血脂水平向正常化恢复;肝脏组织中的脂肪累积减少,肝脏抗氧化性水平提高,谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶水平降低,胡柚汁在一定程度上减轻了肥胖造成的肝脏损伤,且发酵胡柚汁的效果更好。综上,乳酸菌发酵胡柚汁在小鼠肥胖的调节中呈现出良好的益生作用,可作为功能性食品实现降脂减肥的目的,研究可为胡柚资源的深加工和保健功能产品的开发提供理论参考。     

Rice protein concentrate partially replaces dried whey in the diet for early‐weaned piglets and improves their growth performance

BACKGROUND: Recently, rice protein concentrate (RPC), a much cheaper source of dietary protein, has become commercially available for use in the feed industry. Importantly, dietary supplementation with RPC can increase feed intake by early‐weaned pigs. The objective of this study was to determine whether RPC can replace milk protein in the diet for early‐weaned pigs. RESULTS: Neither average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), nor the feed/gain ratio differed among the treatment groups in weeks 1 and 2. In week 3, the addition of 5 or 10% RPC to diets increased (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG of pigs compared to those in the control group fed a 60% dried whey diet. During the entire 21‐day trial, ADFI and ADG were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the 5 and 10% RCP diets than in pigs fed the 60% dried whey and 15% RCP diets. There were no differences in the serum concentrations of growth hormone on days 14 and 21, serum concentrations of insulin growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) on day 14, or IGF‐I gene expression in liver and skeletal muscle on days 14 and 21 among the dietary treatments. Serum concentrations of IGF‐I in pigs fed the 5, 10 and 15% RPC diets were greater than those in pigs fed the 60% dried whey diet. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that up to 10% RPC can be used to replace dried whey in the diet for 7‐ to 21‐day‐old weaned piglets and can improve their growth performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

利用燕麦麸脂肪模拟物制作的发酵香肠对大鼠血脂水平及血清抗氧化性能的影响

本实验旨在研究利用燕麦麸脂肪模拟物制作的发酵香肠（oat bran-supplemented fat simulant,OBFS）与 传统发酵香肠（traditional fermented sausage,TFS）对正常大鼠血脂水平及血清抗氧化性能的影响。选取平均体质 量为（70±2）g的健康Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠51 只,随机分成3 组,各组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0%（质 量分数,下同）的OBFS及TFS（基础组）、20%的TFS（对照组）、20%的OBFS（实验组）的饲料,分别在第0、 3、6、9周测定大鼠的空腹血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）、丙二醛（malonaldehyde,MDA）含量、氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL） 质量浓度以及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）水平。结果显示：与基础组相比,实验组大鼠的 采食量在第6、9周时显著降低（P＜0.05）,体质量在第3周时显著升高（P＜0.05）,第6、9周时无显著性差异 （P＞0.05）;TC、TG、LDL-C含量在第3、6、9周时偏低,HDL-C含量在第6周时显著降低（P＜0.05）,第3、9 周时无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;ox-LDL质量浓度、MDA含量在第3、6、9周时无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,SOD 水平在第9周时显著升高（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,实验组大鼠的采食量在第3、6、9周时偏低,体质量在第9 周时显著降低（P＜0.05）,TC、TG、LDL-C含量在第3、6、9周时无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,HDL-C含量偏高, ox-LDL质量浓度在第3周时显著升高（P＜0.05）,MDA含量在第3、6、9周无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,SOD水平 在第9周时显著升高（P＜0.05）。证明相比于TFS而言,OBFS具有抑制食欲、控制体质量、促进血清中胆固醇及 TG的排除和增强血清清除自由基及抗氧化活性的作用。     

Serum Cholesterol Levels in Rats Fed Skim Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus Acidophilus

The effects of reconstituted skim milk, and the same fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus, were tested in rats. Rats were fed a stock diet and drinking water containing one of three milk treatments: (1) no supplementary milk; (2) 10% milk; or (3) 10% milk fermented by L. acidophilus. After 4 wk, rats receiving the fermented milk had lower (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels (65 mg/dl) than did the water-fed (78 mg/dl) or milk-fed (79 mg/dl) rats. Weight gain, feed intake, liver lipid contents and fecal lactobacilli counts were not different among treatment groups. Data indicate that factors influencing serum cholesterol levels were produced during fermentation of the milk.     

The effects of sources of supplemental fat on performance,egg quality,and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sources of supplemental fat on laying performance, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. RESULTS: Two hundreds Isa Brown layers were assigned randomly to be fed ad libitum a standard commercial layer feed (BD), basal diet plus 2% tallow (T), basal diet plus a mixture of 1% tallow and 1% flaxseed oil (MTFO), basal diet plus 2% sunflower oil (SO), or basal diet plus 2% flaxseed oil (FO), which were offered for 8 weeks. Each diet was given to five groups, each containing 10 hens. The feed efficiency and egg production were 2.78 and 53.51% for BD; 2.30 and 63.47% for T; 2.45 and 60.14% for MTFO; 2.29 and 64.30% for SO, and 2.62 and 61.18% for FO groups, respectively. Dietary fat supplementation affected the laying performance but had no significant effects on egg quality parameters. The fatty acid composition of egg yolk lipids were significantly affected by dietary fatty acid composition. The supplemental tallow increased palmitic fatty acid. The proportions of linoleic and arachidonic fatty acids in egg yolks for layers fed the SO diet were higher than in the BD group and those on diets containing other fats. Concentrations of oleic and omega‐3 fatty acids were the highest in layers fed the FO diet during the laying period. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that dietary animal and plant fats changed the fatty acid composition of egg yolk. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

饲喂不同配比油脂饲料对肉鸡肉品质及肌肉中脂肪酸组成的影响

研究日粮中添加不同配比油脂对肉鸡肉品质、肌肉胆固醇含量及脂肪酸组成的影响。选取648只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成6组,CON为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),SO为正对照组(日粮中添加豆油),LO为负对照组(日粮中添加猪油),COP、COC、COV组分别在日粮中添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂、以椰子油为主的配比油脂、多种植物油组成的配比油脂,实验期为42d。结果表明：COP组胸肌24h的滴水损失显著升高(P＜0.05);COC组腿肌烹饪损失显著降低(P＜0.05)。LO组胸肌不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸得到提高(P＜0.05);SO、LO、COP、COC组n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量均得到提高(P＜0.05);SO、COC组n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于CON组(P＜0.05);除COV组外,各组n-6/n-3低于CON组(P＜0.05)。SO组胸肌胆固醇含量低于除LO组外的各组(P＜0.05)。结论：配比油脂组提高了肉鸡肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量,对肉鸡肉品质没有产生不良的影响,豆油组改善了胸肌中脂肪酸比例并降低胆固醇含量,以椰子油为主的配比油脂次之。     

益生素对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响

研究益生素对AA肉仔鸡的生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加50mg/kg金霉素,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别添加200、400mg/kg益生素.结果显示:21日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量较对照组分别降低1.4％和1.9％,料重比分别降低6.7％和6.7％;Ⅰ组法氏囊重和法氏囊指数分别提高35.4％和36.9％,Ⅱ组胸腺重和胸腺指数分别提高4.5％、9.5％.42日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量较对照组分别提高9.9％和3.7％,料重比分别降低1.4％和2.3％;对照组脾脏指数略高于Ⅰ组,显著高于Ⅱ组;Ⅰ、Ⅱ组胸腺重、胸腺指数及法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组.21日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量较抗生素组分别提高0.9％和0.4％,料重比分别降低3.1％和3.1％;42日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量分别提高5.7％和3.7％,料重比分别降低1.9％和2.8％.以添加水平200 mg/kg的效果较好.     

Effects of feeding diets composed of corn silage and a corn milling product with and without supplemental lysine and methionine to dairy cows

Formulating diets with high inclusion rates of a feed that provides necessary nutrients at lower-than-market prices for those nutrients should increase income over feed costs if the feed is not detrimental to yields of milk and milk components. The objective of this study was to determine whether cows fed a diet composed of approximately 53% corn silage, 44% corn milling product (68% dry matter, 21% crude protein, 37% neutral detergent fiber, and 9% starch) and 3% minerals (CMP) would have similar productivity as cows fed a control diet of predominantly corn silage, alfalfa silage, corn grain, and soybean meal. Based on the National Research Council (2001) dairy model, the CMP diet was inadequate in metabolizable methionine and extremely low in metabolizable lysine. A third treatment (CMP+AA) was the same as the CMP diet but was supplemented with rumen-protected lysine and methionine. Twenty-one Holstein cows were used in a replicated Latin square (28-d periods) design to evaluate production responses to the 3 diets. Diets were formulated to contain the same concentration of net energy for lactation and metabolizable protein (MP) based on the National Research Council model, but diets with CMP contained more neutral detergent fiber (38.3 vs. 31.4%) and less starch (21.6 vs. 30.5%) than the control diet. Lysine as a percent of MP was 6.5, 6.0, and 6.8 for the control, CMP, and CMP+AA diets, respectively, and methionine was 1.8, 1.8, and 2.3% of MP, respectively. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet (24.3 kg/d), but milk yield was lower for cows fed either CMP diet than for those fed control (36.0 vs 38.1 kg/d). Milk fat concentrations were normal and not affected by diet (3.7%). Milk protein concentration was greater for cows fed CMP+AA than for cows fed the other 2 treatments (3.19 vs. 3.11%); however, milk protein yield was greatest for cows fed the conventional diet. The concentration of methionine in plasma was significantly greater for cows fed CMP+AA than for cows fed the other diets. Plasma lysine concentrations were greater for cows fed the conventional diet than for those fed the other 2 diets. Plasma concentrations of several essential AA were lower for cows fed either CMP diet. Based on calculated energy balance, diets contained similar concentrations of net energy for lactation, but cows fed CMP diets partitioned more energy toward body energy reserves than did control cows, perhaps because supply of specific AA limited milk synthesis.