天然高分子对化学纤维涂覆改性的新方法

介绍了采用天然高分子对化学纤维进行涂覆，从而改善化学纤维亲水性的方法。主要包括壳聚糖和海藻酸盐的溶胶一凝胶法。壳聚糖和海藻酸盐分子链上都含有大量的羟基等亲水性基团，利用它们的溶解性质可将其均匀地涂覆在化学纤维表面，从而对化学纤维进行亲水化改性。     

表面涂覆壳聚糖对碳纤维在水中分散性的影响

在碳纤维表面物理性涂覆壳聚糖,改善了碳纤维在水中的分散性.通过显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片对涂覆壳聚糖前后的碳纤维形态及表面形貌进行观察,发现涂覆壳聚糖后,碳纤维表面形成了一层不均匀的壳聚糖膜,在引进羟基、氨基等亲水性基团的同时增加了碳纤维表面粗糙度;通过测定接触角的变化和分散实验表明,碳纤维的亲水性和在水中的分散性得到了改善.     

造纸用化学纤维的表面亲水化处理

为改善化学纤维的亲水性和抄造分散性,并提高纤维间或纤维与基体材料间的黏结强度,介绍了几种化学纤维(聚酯纤维、芳纶纤维、PBO纤维、超高分子质量聚乙烯纤维)的表面处理方法,为其在造纸工业中的应用开辟新的途径.     

染苑精粹

<正>提高混纺针织面料的抗菌性和生态性2017031采用棉、Lyocell、PLA和壳聚糖纤维以不同的比例混纺成30/1Ne纱线,然后编织成平针织物,测试了不同面料的抗菌性、含潮率、亲水性、白度和黄度指标。结果发现,在纱线中增加壳聚糖或Lyocell纤维的含量,织物的抗菌性能、含潮率和亲水性显著提高;而增加PLA和Lyocell纤维含量,则可提高针织物的白度。与纯棉织物相比,混纺面料的含潮率和亲水性则相对较高。     

壳聚糖对革兰氏阴性菌抑菌机理的初步研究

体外抑菌法研究壳聚糖对绿脓杆菌、奇异变形杆菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌性能。同时,对细菌表面的亲水性和负电荷进行研究,以阐述革兰氏阴性菌表面性质与壳聚糖对其抑菌性能之间的关系。以大肠杆菌作为代表性菌株,考察了壳聚糖对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌机理。通过测定菌液中加入疏水性荧光探剂1-N-苯萘胺(NPN)后荧光强度的改变,考察壳聚糖对外膜渗透性的影响。此外,采用红外吸收光谱(FT-IR),对壳聚糖和大肠杆菌的作用产物进行表征。结果表明：革兰氏阴性菌表面的亲水性越好,所带的负电荷越多,壳聚糖表现出较好的抑菌性能;壳聚糖可增加细胞外膜的渗透性,壳聚糖与细胞膜间发生静电作用而使细胞膜破坏,最终导致菌体的死亡。     

涤纶纤维的生物酶改性

主要介绍了用酯酶对涤纶纤维表面进行改性的方法,通过酯酶的催化作用使涤纶大分子中的部分酯键水解生成亲水性的羧基和羟基,从而提高涤纶纤维或织物的亲水性、抗静电性等性能。     

涤纶纤维的生物酶改性

主要介绍了用酯酶对涤纶纤维表面进行改性的方法,通过酯酶的催化作用使涤纶大分子中的部分酯键水解生成亲水性的羧基和羟基,从而提高涤纶纤维或织物的亲水性、抗静电性等性能.     

涤纶纤维的生物酶改性

主要介绍了用酯酶对涤纶纤维表面进行改性的方法,通过酯酶的催化作用使涤纶大分子中的部分酯键水解生成亲水性的羧基和羟基,从而提高涤纶纤维或织物的亲水性、抗静电性等性能.     

纸用聚丙烯纤维改性方法

简要介绍了提高聚丙烯纤维亲水性的几种主要方法。通过对聚丙烯纤维的亲水性改性处理,改变聚丙烯的分子结构或者纤维的表面状况,可在保持原有机械性能的基础上提高聚丙烯纤维的亲水性。     

反应性壳聚糖季铵盐改性木棉纤维的染色性能

为了提高木棉纤维活性染料染色性能,先采用半碱结合等离子体聚乙二醇处理木棉纤维,在木棉纤维表面增加亲水性基团,提高表面润湿性,再通过降解壳聚糖合成反应性壳聚糖季铵盐阳离子改性剂,提高活性染料与木棉纤维的结合力,从而提高上染率和固色率。采用红外光谱分析和X射线衍射对改性前后的纤维结构进行表征,结果表明化学改性对木棉纤维的结构没有明显的影响。用活性艳蓝K-GR染色,木棉纤维染色性能大幅度提高,上染率和固色率分别达到91.3%和83.2%。     

海藻酸和甲壳胺纤维的性能比较

海藻酸和甲壳胺通过湿法纺丝,可以加工成纤维,并可以加工成非织造布、机织物、针织物等材料,应用于医用卫生材料的生产。分析了海藻酸和甲壳胺的化学结构,对其吸附性能、结合重金属离子的能力以及抗菌性能作了比较。     

Hydrothermal Treatment of Wool Fibers with Tetrabutyl Titanate and Chitosan

In order to improve the dye depth of TiO₂-modified wool fibers, chitosan is incorporated with tetrabutyl titanate in preparing the nanosized TiO₂ particles, which are loaded on the surfaces of wool fibers, during hydrothermal process. The TiO₂ coated wool fibers are subsequently dyed with Lansol Blue 3G. The structural changes of wool fibers before and after treatments are characterized by several techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and diffuse reflectance spectrum. The properties of tensile, antibacterial activity, yellowness and whiteness indices, dye uptake, K/S value, color fastness to washing, rubbing, and artificial light are also compared. It is found that the as-prepared TiO₂ particles with pure anatase phase are easy to agglomerate because of the introduction of chitosan. Meanwhile, the aggregated particles are deposited on the surface of wool fibers via a simple hydrothermal route. Compared with the original wool fibers, the thermal behaviors of the TiO₂ coated wool fibers change slightly. The performances of UV protection, antibacterial activity, dyeing depth, and color fastness to wet rubbing and artificial light are improved to some degree. However, the tensile properties of wool fibers decrease but not too much.     

Preparation and properties of nano-SiO2-coated wool fibers

Nano-SiO₂-coated wool fibers were prepared by coating nano SiO₂ onto wool fibers pretreated by low-temperature plasma (LTP) irradiation. The morphologies and structures of coated wool fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fourier transformation infrared spectrometry. The results show that after LTP irradiation, the surface structure of wool fibers was changed and new chemical bonds were formed; nano-SiO₂ combined well with the wool fibers and formed a functional layer on the surface of wool fibers. Compared with parent wool, the coated wool fibers had better thermal stability, breaking strength, elongation, and frictional property.     

壳聚糖载银抗菌纱的制备及性能初探

涤纶丝广泛用于抗菌纱和织物的制备。近年来,许多抗菌物质逐渐商业化,替代抗菌物质已成为抗菌纱加工研究的重要目的。大多数抗菌物质是通过直接浸泡或涂层的方式加载在抗菌纱上的。研究旨在通过二浸二压的纺织品整理工艺,将壳聚糖载银溶液固定到涤纶纱线上。通过扫描电子显微镜分析了纱线涂层前后结构的变化,并测试了其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抗菌性能。试验结果表明,经壳聚糖载银溶液涂层处理的涤纶纱线均具有较好的抗菌性能,且试样R-3具有更优的抗菌效果。     

纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维的结构及染色性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法在非均相乙醇溶液中制备3-缩水甘油氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)纳米SiO2,并用于壳聚糖纤维改性.通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、热重分析法对纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维的形态、分子结构及热行为进行表征,并对其染色性能进行了研究.红外光谱证实硅偶联剂KH560与壳聚糖纤维发生了交联,纳米SiO2粒子分布于改性的壳聚糖纤维表面.与未改性壳聚糖纤维相比,纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维的热稳定性能提高了.采用6种不同染料对纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维进行染色,发现其对直接桃红12B的染色性能较好,在室温、染色时间120 min、pH值8时,直接桃红12B的上染率最佳.     

Influence of Hydrocolloids (Dietary Fibers) on Lipid Digestion of Protein‐Stabilized Emulsions: Comparison of Neutral,Anionic, and Cationic Polysaccharides

The impact of dietary fibers on lipid digestion within the gastrointestinal tract depends on their molecular and physicochemical properties. In this study, the influence of the electrical characteristics of dietary fibers on their ability to interfere with the digestion of protein‐coated lipid droplets was investigated using an in vitro small intestine model. Three dietary fibers were examined: cationic chitosan; anionic alginate; neutral locust bean gum (LBG). The particle size, ζ‐potential, microstructure, and apparent viscosity of β‐lactoglobulin stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions containing different types and levels of dietary fiber were measured before and after lipid digestion. The rate and extent of lipid digestion depended on polysaccharide type and concentration. At relatively low dietary fiber levels (0.1 to 0.2 wt%), the initial lipid digestion rate was only reduced by chitosan, but the final extent of lipid digestion was unaffected by all 3 dietary fibers. At relatively high dietary fiber levels (0.4 wt%), alginate and chitosan significantly inhibited lipid hydrolysis, whereas LBG did not. The impact of chitosan on lipid digestion was attributed to its ability to promote fat droplet aggregation through bridging flocculation, thereby retarding access of the lipase to the droplet surfaces. The influence of alginate was mainly ascribed to its ability to sequester calcium ions and promote depletion flocculation.     

硅偶联剂交联壳聚糖纤维的染色性能

利用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)及γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)为交联剂,分别制备了纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维ACSH和GCSH。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征方法研究了SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维ACSH和GCSH的分子结构和微观形貌,并对其染色性能进行了研究。红外光谱证实硅偶联剂与壳聚糖纤维发生了交联,纳米SiO2粒子分布于改性壳聚糖纤维表面。染色条件为室温、pH值为8,染色时间分别120 min、180 min时直接桃红12B在ACSH和GCSH纤维上的上染率较高。与GCSH纤维相比,ACSH纤维用直接桃红12B染色上染率更高。ACSH和GCSH纤维对直接桃红12B的吸附动力学行为可用准二级动力学模型进行描述。     

磁性壳聚糖涂覆的棉织物对活性染料吸附性能

本文使用硅偶联剂环氧丙基三甲基硅氧烷(GPTMS)作为交联剂,制备了磁性壳聚糖涂覆的棉纤维织物(MSCC),并用于吸附溶液中活性红194。用红外光谱和扫描电镜对MSCC纤维的结构进行表征,探讨了相关因素对磁性壳聚糖涂覆的棉织物吸附活性红194的影响。