Taurine alleviates dyslipidemia and liver damage induced by a high-fat/cholesterol-dietary habit

Eight male hamsters per group were assigned randomly to one of the following diets: chow diet (Control); high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD); HFCD supplemented with 1% Tau (HFCD/1% Tau); HFCD supplemented with 2% Tau (HFCD/2% Tau). Tau supplementation improved (P < 0.05) serum lipids and cholesterol profile in the high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters. Although hepatic cholesterol/triacylglycerol in the high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters were not (P > 0.05) changed by Tau supplementation, faecal cholesterol and bile acid outputs were increased (P < 0.05). Two percent Tau supplementation unregulated (P < 0.05) HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expressions in the high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters. Besides, Tau supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) LDL receptor mRNA expressions in high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters. Tau supplementation also reduced serum GPT and GOT values and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters. Results clearly indicated that Tau could alleviate blood lipids and hepatic damage induced by a high-fat/cholesterol-dietary diet.     

Effects of haw pectic oligosaccharide on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in experimental hyperlipidemia mice induced by high-fat diet

The anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of haw pectic oligosaccharide (HPOS) were investigated using a model of hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in mice. HPOS significantly lowered the serum levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.01) and triglycerides (p < 0.05) and inhibited the accumulation of body fat in this model. It significantly enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase to suppress oxidative reactions (p < 0.01) and inhibited the synthesis and accumulation of malondialdehyde in serum (p < 0.05). Thus, HPOS could be valuable in the development of nutritional and drug therapies to combat cardiovascular diseases.     

Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo

Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that high dietary fat intake of mice is associated with many physically degenerative diseases. Since oxidative stress and abnormal lipid metabolism have been speculated to be critical mechanisms underlying degenerative diseases, we hypothesized that a high-fat (HF) diet might induce oxidative stress or lipid oxidation and subsequently contribute to the high risk of some diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ones. To test this hypothesis, male kunming mice were placed on either a HF diet or a normal laboratory diet for 30 consecutive days. This investigation demonstrated that blood fat [low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TAG), high density lipoprotein (HDL)], blood sugar (blood glucose and liver glycogen) and oxidative stress (activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of non-enzymic antioxidants) of mice fed high-fat diet (group II) were significantly increased or decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when compared with the control group (I). The present study revealed that HF diet induced oxidative stress and provided novel evidence regarding the link between high dietary fat and increased risk of degenerative diseases. The administration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides did not show any effect on the body weight of the experimental mice, but significantly decreased the levels of LDL, TC, TAG, blood glucose and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when compared with mice in HF group (II). These findings were further supported by significantly increased non-enzymic antioxidants levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), suggesting that L. barbarum polysaccharides showed a noticeable inhibition against lipid oxidation induced by free radicals caused by HF diet intake (groups III, IV, V) on the basis of their antioxidant activities.     

Protective effect of selenium-polysaccharides from the mycelia of Coprinus comatus on alloxan-induced oxidative stress in mice

We investigated the effect of selenium-polysaccharide (SPS) isolated from selenium-enriched mycelia of Coprinus comatus on hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic mice. Compared with untreated diabetic mice, the administration of SPS for 20 days caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood glucose levels. Simultaneously, the alteration in lipid metabolism was partially attenuated as evidenced by decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels and by increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentration in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). In addition, the SPS caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the activities of enzymic antioxidants and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants in liver and kidney of diabetic mice. Furthermore, the effects of SPS was more potent than that of polysaccharide (PS) from mycelia of C. comatus at the same dose.     

Cardiovascular protection of deep-seawater drinking water in high-fat/cholesterol fed hamsters

Cardiovascular protection of deep-seawater (DSW) drinking water was assessed using high-fat/cholesterol-fed hamsters in this study. All hamsters were fed a high-fat/cholesterol diet (12% fat/0.2% cholesterol), and drinking solutions were normal distiled water (NDW, hardness: 2.48 ppm), DSW300 (hardness: 324.5 ppm), DSW900 (hardness: 858.5 ppm), and DSW1500 (hardness: 1569.0 ppm), respectively. After a 6-week feeding period, body weight, heart rates, and blood pressures of hamsters were not influenced by DSW drinking waters. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), atherogenic index, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased (p < 0.05) in the DSW-drinking-water groups, as compared to those in the NDW group. Additionally, increased (p < 0.05) serum Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and faecal TC, TAG, and bile acid outputs were measured in the DSW-drinking-water groups. Hepatic low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDL receptor) and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene expressions were upregulated (p < 0.05) by DSW drinking waters. These results demonstrate that DSW drinking water benefits the attenuation of high-fat/cholesterol-diet-induced cardiovascular disorders in hamsters.     

Protective effect of a litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)-flower-water-extract on cardiovascular health in a high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in the developed countries. Litchi-flower-water-extract (LFWE) contains plenty of phytochemicals, i.e. phenols, flavonoids, tannins which may own cardio-protection. Ten male hamsters per group were assigned randomly to one of the following dietary groups: chow diet and normal distilled water (LFCD/NDW); high-fat/cholesterol diet and normal distilled water (HFCD/NDW); HFCD and 2.5% litchi-flower-water-extract (HFCD/2.5% LFWE); HFCD and 5% LFWE (HFCD/5% LFWE). Serum lipids, cardiac index, and hepatic lipids were lowered (p < 0.05) in high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters by drinking 2.5% and 5% LFWE which may result from higher (p < 0.05) LDL receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) gene expressions and lower (p < 0.05) fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expression, as well as increased (p < 0.05) faecal lipid and bile acid excretions. Drinking LFWE also lowered (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters, and even showed the same (p > 0.05) serum MDA contents as the LFCD/NDW group’s which could be due to increased (p < 0.05) serum trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Therefore, this study indicated that LFWE indeed characterises a protective effect on cardiovascular health in vivo.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of gallic acid and linoleic acid mixture or their synthetic salt on egg quality

The effect of a dietary supplementation of gallic acid and linoleic acid mixture (MGL) and their synthetic salt, sodium 2,3-dihydroxy-5-(((9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienyloxy)carbonyl)phenolate (NGL), on egg quality was investigated. A total of 120 laying hens were allotted into five groups over 4 weeks of the experimental period. Birds were fed the following diets: (1) control [commercial diet (CD)], (2) 0.05% MGL (w/w, GA:LA = 1:1, equal molar ratio), (3) 0.1% MGL, (4) 0.05% NGL, (5) 0.1% NGL. The performance of the hen, the anti-oxidative potential of egg albumen and yolk, and the fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of egg yolk were measured. The TBARS value of egg yolk from hens fed 0.1% MGL and 0.05% NGL was lower than that fed control diet after storage for 14 days. The ABTS⁺ reducing activity of egg albumen was significantly improved by MGL and NGL, but only NGL had an effect on yolk (p < 0.05). The dietary supplementation of 0.05% or 0.1% MGL, and 0.05% NGL raised the PUFAs composition in egg yolk. The cholesterol content of egg yolk from hens fed control diet was higher than those fed 0.1% MGL, 0.05% or 0.1% NGL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a diet consisting of MGL and NGL can improve the antioxidative potential of egg and the fatty acid quality of egg yolk while lowering the cholesterol level.     

Amaranth protein presents cholesterol-lowering effect

This study describes amaranth’s protein cholesterol-lowering effect and investigates its mechanisms hypercholesterolaemia was induced in male hamsters through diet rich in casein (300 g/kg diet) containing regular levels of cholesterol (0.5 kg/g) fed during 3 weeks. Animals were divided into three groups and fed ad libitum diets for 4 weeks containing as the sole source of protein: casein (control), amaranth protein isolate or, casein + amaranth protein isolate. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerols were measured at four different points: at the beginning of the study, after hypercholesterolaemia was induced, in the first week and then at the end of the experimental diet period. The reduction of the total plasma cholesterol concentration at the end of experimental period for animals fed on diets containing amaranth protein isolate pure and with casein were 27% (P < 0.05) and 48% (P < 0.05), respectively, being the non-HDL fractions the most affected. Digestibility of protein as well as excretion of cholesterol and bile acid, were investigated as the possible mechanisms for this significant hypocholesterolaemic effect. Cholesterol excretion was related to the hypocholesterolaemia but could not explain all the observed reduction. Our findings suggest that amaranth protein has a metabolic effect on endogenous cholesterol metabolism.     

Effect of the ripening time under vacuum and packaging film permeability on processing and quality characteristics of low-fat fermented sausages

The effect of vacuum ripening of low-fat fermented sausages packaged in films with different permeabilities on their microbiological, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics was studied. High-fat control sausages were produced with 30% initial fat and low-fat sausages with 10% initial fat. The low-fat sausages were separated into: (a) non-packaged (control) and (b) packaged under vacuum on 7th, 12th and 17th day of processing, remaining under vacuum during the ripening period for 21, 16 and 11 days, respectively, in three different oxygen (100, 38 and ? 5 cm³/m²/24 h/1 atm) and water vapour (4.5, <2.5 and 1 g/m² 24 h) permeability plastic bags. Vacuum packaging reduced (p < 0.05) the weight loss, the hardness and extent of lipid oxidation in the sausages, increased (p < 0.05) their lightness, but had no effect (p > 0.05) on the redness, compared to the control sausages. Packaging low-fat fermented sausages under vacuum for the last 11 days of ripening in packaging film with high permeability increased (p < 0.05) the lactic acid bacteria count. The same product packaged in film with medium permeability had a higher (p < 0.05) Micrococcaceae count and the same (p > 0.05) hardness and overall acceptability as the high-fat control sausages. A ripening time of 11 days and the medium packaging film permeability were the most appropriate conditions for the vacuum packaging of low-fat fermented sausages.     

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory,antihypertensive and antihyperlipidaemic activities of protein hydrolysates from Rhopilema esculentum

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antihypertensive and antihyperlipidaemic activities of protein hydrolysates (RPH) from the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum were investigated. R. esculentum was hydrolysed sequentially with pepsin and papain, and then the hydrolysate was ultrafiltered with a 2000 Da cut-off membrane. It was found that RPH contained high levels of Gly, Glu, Pro, Asp and Ala, having potential ACE inhibitory activity in vitro with an IC₅₀ of 1.28 mg/ml. It was also found that systolic blood pressure was reduced markedly in spontaneously hypertensive rats after single and chronic oral administration of RPH, indicating that RPH had an antihypertensive effect. In addition, oral administration of RPH decreased total serum cholesterol and triglyceride, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in rats fed with high-fat diet. These results indicate that RPH may prove to be a promising functional food for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.     

Hypolipidemic study of xylanase-modified corn bran fibre in rats

In order to understand the regulatory effect of xylanase-modified corn bran fibre (XMF) on lipid homeostasis, detailed influences, following the ingestion of XMF and its original form (corn bran dietary fibre, CDF), on serum, liver and faecal lipids were studied in Sprague–Dawley rats. In both CDF and XMF groups, serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lowered after 4 weeks (p < 0.05). By the end of week 6, data in the XMF group showed that serum LDL-C was lowered further and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly increased (p < 0.05); liver TC, TG and fat were significantly lower (p < 0.05), while the excretions of faecal fat, TC and bile acids were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The decrease of liver and serum lipids in the XMF group was consistent with the improved excretion of faecal lipids and bile acids. Other related mechanisms are also considered.     

Effects of dietary flaxseed oil on cholesterol metabolism of hamsters

High-fat/cholesterol diets (HFCD) formulated by addition of butter (BU), coconut oil (CO), or flaxseed oil (FX) enhanced (P < 0.05) serum lipids of hamsters compared to the low-fat/cholesterol diet (Control). However, FX groups showed a hypocholesterolaemic effect compared to CO and BU groups. Lower (P < 0.05) hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol contents were measured in FX groups than those of CO and BU groups; whereas, higher (P < 0.05) faecal triacylglycerol and cholesterol contents were observed in FX groups. HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression was upregulated (P < 0.05) by HFCD, whilst FX groups showed no (P > 0.05) influence on LDL-receptor mRNA expression compared to that of Control groups; however, higher (P < 0.05) than those of CO and BU groups. Meanwhile, there was a tendency towards higher CYP7A1 expression in the CO or FX group than the BU group. Thus, the hypocholesterolaemic effect of FX might result from increases of LDL-receptor mRNA expression, and cholesterol catabolism/output.     

Effect of high-fat diets supplemented with okara soybean by-product on lipid profiles of plasma,liver and faeces in Syrian hamsters

The main components of okara, a by-product from soybean, are dietary fibre and protein. In this study we fed okara based diets with different amounts of fibre, protein and isoflavones to determine their effect on the lipid profile in the plasma, liver and faeces of an animal model. Male golden Syrian hamsters were fed high-fat diets supplemented with okara for 3 weeks. The supplemented diets contained 13% or 20% of okara fibre (OK-13 and OK-20), low-protein okara with 13% of fibre (OK1-13), and isoflavone-free okara with 13% of fibre (OK2-13). Okara supplemented diets did not produce significant differences in the feed intake or body weight gain (p > 0.05). The plasma levels of triglycerides, VLDL- plus LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol in hamsters fed OK-20 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to the 20% control group (C-20). However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in LDL- and HDL-cholesterol plasma levels in all experiments. Total lipids, triglycerides, total and esterified cholesterol concentrations in liver were reduced by OK-20 diet. Regarding the hamsters fed OK-13 diets, the mean values of the total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol in the plasma and liver decreased as compared to the control (C-13), but the differences were not statistically significant. All of the okara diets assayed increased the faecal excretion of total lipids, triglycerides, free cholesterol and total nitrogen (p < 0.05) compared to their respective controls. Our results suggest that the main components of okara, dietary fibre and protein, could be related with the total lipids and cholesterol decrease in the plasma and liver, as well as with the faecal output increase in high-fat fed hamsters. Okara might play an interesting role in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and could be used as a natural ingredient or supplement for functional food preparation.     

Cholesterol-lowering effect of phytosterol-containing lactic-fermented milk powder in hamsters

Male hamsters were fed six different diets for 4 weeks. Group 1, fed with control diet of regular rodent chow. Group 2, fed with high-fat-high-cholesterol diet containing cholesterol and corn/coconut oil mixture. Group 3, the positive control fed with high-fat-high-cholesterol diet containing 0.74% (w/w) phytosterols. Groups 4–6 were the high-fat-high-cholesterol diet mixed with phytosterol-containing lactic-fermented milk powder (PSFMP) which contains 0.37%, 0.74% and 1.85% (w/w) of phytosterols, respectively. Results demonstrated that PSFMP could significantly decrease (P < 0.05–P < 0.001) the levels of total cholesterol (serum cholesterol), serum triacylglycerol, liver lipids and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C), while it could also significantly (P < 0.001) increase the level of fecal cholesterol. The pronounced hypolipidemic effects of PSFMP might be attributed to its ability to enhance cholesterol excretion. These results suggest that PSFMP could be used as a potential cholesterol-lowering ingredient in the management of hypercholesterolemia.     

Lipolysis and lipid oxidation in bacon during curing and drying–ripening

Dry-cured bacons were processed using pig bacon belly as material by dry-salting and drying–ripening. Lipolysis and lipid oxidation in intramuscular lipids were studied by evaluating the changes in lipid composition, lipolytic enzymes and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, peroxide value (POV) and TBARS during processing. Lipid composition showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in phospholipids and an increase (p < 0.05) in free fatty acids (r = −0.85, p = 0.0004). All lipolytic activities decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing process time. Acid lipase showed higher activity than did neutral lipase (p < 0.05) throughout the processing. LOX activity increased significantly during salting (p < 0.01) and thereafter decreased. High salt content inhibited acid lipase and phospholipase activities but promoted LOX activity. Both POV and TBARS decreased (p < 0.05) with temperature rising during the last ripening period, suggesting that rising temperature in this period could lower oxidation indices in products. LOX was closely correlated with TBARS (r = 0.94) but not with POV (r = 0.36), indicating that LOX could facilitate lipid secondary oxidation.     

Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of total flavonoids of Perilla Frutescens leaves in hyperlipidemia rats induced by high-fat diet

The leaves of Perilla frutescens are often used as a new source of additives for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its unique bioactivities. This study was to evaluate the chemical composition and hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of total flavonoids of P. frutescens leaves (TFP) in the hyperlipidemia rats induced by a high-fat diet. By HPLC analysis, TFP mainly consisted of apigenin with a smaller amount of luteolin. At doses of 50-200 mg/kg, oral administration of TFP to hyperlipidemia rats was highly effective in decreasing the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and adipose tissue lipid accumulation, increasing the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), adjusting metabolic disturbance of lipoprotein, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and repressing development of atherosclerosis. It suggested that TFP had significant health benefits and could be explored as a potentially promising food additive for the prevention of hyperlipidemia diseases.     

Effects of dietary broccoli fibre and corn oil on serum lipids, faecal bile acid excretion and hepatic gene expression in rats

To determine the effects of broccoli fibre and corn oil on lipid metabolism, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing high (30%) or low (5%) corn oil, in combination with either 7.5% broccoli fibre or cellulose, for 4 months. High corn oil groups had significantly lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides than had low corn oil groups (p < 0.001). Broccoli fibre also lowered serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to cellulose fibre. Faecal bile acid concentrations were higher in high corn oil-fed rats than in low corn oil-fed rats, with broccoli fibre inclusion in high corn oil diets resulting in higher faecal bile acid concentrations. Regardless of corn oil level, broccoli fibre supplementation in the diet resulted in an increase (p = 0.018) in hepatic cytochrome P450, family 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression. High corn oil feeding resulted in reduced expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and increased expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT1a) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that high dietary corn oil and broccoli fibre have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Corn oil lipid-lowering effects may be due to alteration of hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and increased rate of cholesterol catabolism to bile acids. Broccoli fibre may also act via its physical properties to reduce enterohepatic bile acid recycling and intestinal lipid absorption, and increase luminal binding of bile acids, resulting in increased faecal bile acid excretion.     

Effects of Monascus-fermented grain extracts on plasma antioxidant status and tissue levels of ubiquinones and α-tocopherol in hyperlipidemic rats

We investigated the effects of Monascus-fermented mixed grain extracts (MFGEs) enriched with bioactive mevinolins (natural statins) and coenzyme Qs (CoQ₉ + CoQ₁₀) on the blood lipids, antioxidant status, and tissue levels of CoQs and α-tocopherol (α-Toc) in hyperlipidemic rats. The oral administration of MFGEs (300 mg/kg body weight per day) for 8 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio compared to the control and lovastatin supplement group of a dosage of 20 mg/kg per day (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant increase in the ratios of α-Toc/LDL-C and CoQs/LDL-C in plasma and tissues and improvement in plasma antioxidant status as measured by TBARS and TRAP were observed in hypercholesterolemic rats (p < 0.05). Regarding the effects of MFGEs on antioxidant levels of plasma and tissues, there were significant increases in the levels of α-Toc (p < 0.05) and CoQs (p < 0.01) after the 8-week MFGEs treatment. These data indicate that MFGEs supplementation not only decreases blood lipids and lipid peroxidation but also increases levels of antioxidants such as α-Toc and CoQs and may improve plasma antioxidant status as well as a hypolipidemic effect.     

Effects of diet enriched with restructured meats,containing Himanthalia elongata, on hypercholesterolaemic induction,CYP7A1 expression and antioxidant enzyme activity and expression in growing rats

Meat and pork consumptions are very high in Spain. Seaweeds are rich in fibre, minerals, and bioactive substances. Due to the growing demand for healthier meats, this work studied the effect of diets containing restructured pork (RP) enriched with Himanthalia elongata (Sea Spaghetti) on: (1) cholesterolaemia; (2) liver cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression; (3) liver antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression; (4) the liver antioxidant substrate concentrations. Four groups of 10 Wistar rats each were fed a mix of 85% AIN-93 M rodent diet and 15% freeze-dried RM for 35 days. The control group (C) consumed control RP; the Sea Spaghetti (SS) group, RP with 5% Sea Spaghetti. Animals on added cholesterol diets (CholC and CholSS) consumed their basal C and SS diets enriched with cholesterol and cholic acid as hypercholesterolaemic agent. Food intake was significantly affected by the alga × cholesterol interaction and by dietary cholesterol (both p < 0.001). Plasma cholesterol was significantly affected by the cholesterol × alga interaction (p < 0.05). CholC rats showed significantly higher plasma cholesterol (p < 0.001) than did their C counterparts, whilst serum cholesterol of CholSS was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of CholC. The glutathione peroxide (GSSG) concentrations and all mRNA expressions were significantly affected by the cholesterol × alga interaction (at least p < 0.05). SS vs C group showed significant (at least p < 0.05) increases in superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decrease of glutathione reductase (GR) expressions, and increased GR activity, GSSG and the redox index. CholSS vs CholC showed significant (at least p < 0.05) increases of CYP7A1, GR and Cu,Zn-SOD expression but decreases in catalase, Mn-SOD and GPx expression, and increase of GR activity. In conclusion, Sea Spaghetti could be widely used in RP design. Its addition to non-cholesterol enriched RP diet reduced oxidation mechanisms. SS-RP partially blocked the effect of the hypercholesterolaemic agent, giving rise to a new balance of the antioxidant enzyme expression.