棉籽油甲酯化联产生物柴油和甘油

介绍了在KOH催化剂作用下棉籽油与甲醇反应生成棉籽油甲酯即生物柴油的研究工作。用精棉籽油和毛棉籽油为原料，考察酯交换反应条件如醇油比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对棉籽油转化率和甲酯得率的影响。应用正交实验的方法得出精棉籽油酯交换反应的最佳反应条件为：反应温度45℃，醇油摩尔比为6：1，催化剂用量为1．1％，反应时间为60min。采用常压蒸馏的方法回收酯交换反应中过剩的甲醇。同时研究了甘油分离精制的方法，所得甘油的纯度可达97．86％。实验室制得的棉籽油甲酯生物柴油的主要性能指标符合ASTM制定的生物柴油的标准。     

复合碱性离子液体催化餐饮废弃油制备生物柴油北大核心CSCD

根据油脂的结构特点,研制了复合碱性离子液体催化剂;以三油酸甘油酯与甲醇的酯交换反应为模型,对酯交换反应的油醇摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度以及催化剂循环使用性进行了考察,并研究了该催化剂催化餐饮废弃油制备生物柴油的效果。结果表明:在油醇摩尔比为1∶9、反应时间为5 h、反应温度为120℃、催化剂用量为5%的条件下,三油酸甘油酯转化效果最佳,油酸甲酯产率高达96.2%;催化剂循环使用7次后油酸甲酯产率仍然保持在80%以上;在相同反应条件下,餐饮废弃油转化为生物柴油的产率最高可达93.6%。     

复合碱性离子液体催化餐饮废弃油制备生物柴油

根据油脂的结构特点,研制了复合碱性离子液体催化剂;以三油酸甘油酯与甲醇的酯交换反应为模型,对酯交换反应的油醇摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度以及催化剂循环使用性进行了考察,并研究了该催化剂催化餐饮废弃油制备生物柴油的效果。结果表明:在油醇摩尔比为1∶9、反应时间为5 h、反应温度为120℃、催化剂用量为5%的条件下,三油酸甘油酯转化效果最佳,油酸甲酯产率高达96.2%;催化剂循环使用7次后油酸甲酯产率仍然保持在80%以上;在相同反应条件下,餐饮废弃油转化为生物柴油的产率最高可达93.6%。     

麻疯树籽油超声波辅助酯交换反应的研究

以野生植物麻疯树籽油为原料,经脱胶、脱酸及脱水处理后进行超声波辅助酯交换反应,在超声波频率25 kHz,反应温度65℃,催化剂用量为油重的1.0%,醇油摩尔比7∶1,反应时间60m in条件下,麻疯树籽油酯交换转化率达到93.79%。在相同反应时间内和相同醇油摩尔比条件下,超声波辅助酯交换反应比无超声波反应的酯交换转化率高,同时也降低了催化剂的用量。     

邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾催化合成生物柴油北大核心CSCD

针对酯交换法合成生物柴油中均相催化剂不容易分离和非均相催化剂易失活和用量大等问题,提出用邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾催化大豆油和甲醇合成生物柴油。通过单因素实验考察了催化剂邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对甘油三酯转化率的影响,并利用Design-Expert软件通过响应面实验对合成反应条件进行了优化。考察了邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾在甘油和甲醇中的溶解度和作为催化剂的重复使用性能。通过红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱对生物柴油的结构和组成进行了分析。结果表明:合成生物柴油的最佳反应条件为反应温度60℃、醇油摩尔比7.15∶1、反应时间2.4 h、催化剂用量1.2%,在此条件下甘油三酯转化率为96.0%;催化剂在高温下溶于甲醇和甘油,在低温下可在甘油中析出;催化剂循环使用4次,甘油三酯转化率仍在85%以上;红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱分析表明,生物柴油被成功合成,棕榈酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯和硬脂酸甲酯含量为83.09%。综上,邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾作为合成生物柴油的催化剂,具有较高的催化性能和较好的重复使用性,可以实现均相酯交换反应和非均相分离。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助猪油酯交换反应制备生物柴油的研究

以猪油和甲醇为原料,KOH为催化剂,采用单因素法确定醇油摩尔比、超声波功率、催化剂用量、反应温度等因素对猪油酯交换反应的脂肪酸甲酯产率的影响。单因素实验结果显示各因素的最佳值分别为醇油摩尔比6∶1,超声波功率为120 W,催化剂用量为0.8%,反应温度为60℃。采用响应面分析法优化超声强化KOH均相碱催化酯交换条件,结果显示最优条件为:醇油摩尔比为5.8∶1,超声功率为135.91W,反应温度为52.78℃,催化剂用量为0.86%,在该条件下甲酯最大的理论转化率为99.53%。     

正交法探讨制备生物柴油的优化条件

报道了大豆油在NaOH为催化剂的作用下通过甲醇酯交换反应生成脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油的试验研究。考察了反应条件如醇油比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等的变化对生物柴油得率的影响。应用正交实验的方法找出大豆油酯交换反应的最佳反应条件为:反应温度40℃,醇油物质的量比6∶1,催化剂用量0.8%,反应时间60 m in。在此反应条件下生物柴油得率可达99.2%。实验所得的生物柴油主要质量指标已达到德国D INV51.606生物柴油质量标准。     

油莎豆油制备生物柴油的研究

以油莎豆油为原料,四甲基氢氧化铵为催化剂,通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油.通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对生物柴油转化率的影响.结果表明,酯交换反应的最佳反应条件为:催化剂用量为油莎豆油质量的0.5％,醇油摩尔比为6∶1,反应温度50℃,反应时间4.5h.在最佳反应条件下,生物柴油转化率达94.5％.     

硅酸钠固体催化剂的制备及催化酯交换反应

以NaSiO3*9H2O为原料,通过高温煅烧、研磨、过筛等工艺制得硅酸钠固体催化剂,将其用于棉籽毛油的酯交换反应制备生物柴油.考察了醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等对转化率的影响.研究表明,催化剂最佳制备条件为:煅烧温度200 ℃,煅烧时间1 h,粒度60目.在常压、醇油摩尔比8∶ 1,催化剂用量7%,反应温度65 ℃,反应时间1 h的条件下,酯交换反应转化率达到99.45%;催化剂重复使用10次后,转化率仍在90%以上.     

棉籽油制备生物柴油技术研究

以棉籽油与甲醇为原料，在催化NaOH存在下，通过酯交换反应制得脂肪酸甲酯，考察了反应条件如醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间以及原料含水量等的变化对产率的影响，得到棉籽油酯交换反应的最佳反应条件为醇油物质的量比6：1，催化剂用量1．1％，反应温度45℃，反应时间55min。生物柴油的酯交换反应须严格控制原料中的水分。     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific     

Contamination of animal feed and food from animal origin with mineral oil hydrocarbons

Oils and fats used for the production of animal feed can become contaminated with mineral oil material originating from gas oils (C₁₈-C₃₅) or synthetic oils (poly alpha olefins, C₂₅ to beyond C₄₅). An important cause is assumed to be the discharge of waste oils, such as motor oil and hydraulic oils. Mineral oil material was analysed by on-line LC-GC-FID directly in the fat or in a raw extract from animal feed or foodstuffs. In Switzerland in summer/autumn 1999 concentrations in oils and fats for feed production were often found to be between 100 and 1000mg/kg. In the feeds, the average concentration was around 100mg/kg with values ranging up to a maximum of 1000mg/kg; few samples were free of contamination. In animal body fat, the average concentration determined in summer 1999 was 25mg/kg, with a maximum of 150mg/kg, although in samples from December 1999, contamination was substantially lower. In the fat phase of eggs, the average concentration was 30mg/kg, with a maximum of 80mg/kg. Paraffin oil is used for feed production, which may account for part of the contamination problem (e.g. eggs).