超声辅助酶法提取河蚬多糖

选择超声辅助酶法提取河蚬多糖,确定了不同超声时间、超声功率、料水比、酶解时间等因素对河蚬多糖提取率的影响,并进行了正交试验分析。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:超声时间40 min、超声功率80W、料液比1∶30、酶解时间90 min,在此条件下,河蚬多糖的提取率为4.86%。     

酶法提取海参脏器多糖条件优化研究

利用木瓜蛋白酶酶解海参脏器提取多糖,探讨酶解温度、酶解时间、pH值、料液比、加酶量等时海参脏器多糖得率的影响,确定最适提取条件为:酶解温度55℃,pH 8.0,加酶量3.0%,料液比1:30(g/mL),酶解时间4h,在此条件下,海参脏器多糖的得率为14.76%.     

复合酶解法优化黄精多糖提取工艺

采用复合酶解法优化黄精多糖提取工艺,苯酚-浓硫酸显色法测定黄精多糖质量浓度,以黄精多糖提取率为指标,对复合酶种类和配比进行筛选后,在单因素试验基础上,考察酶解温度、pH、料液比、加酶量对提取率的影响,并通过正交试验进行优化。结果表明,复合酶提取优于单酶提取和普通水提。酶用量配比为纤维素酶:木瓜蛋白酶=3∶7。酶解最佳条件为:pH值5.0,酶解温度50℃,料液比(g/mL)1∶20,加酶量1.5 g/dL,即纤维素酶0.45 g/dL,木瓜蛋白酶1.05 g/dL,酶解2 h后,沸水浸提2 h。在此工艺条件下,黄精多糖提取率可达21.55%,是普通水提法得率的2.75倍,比单酶水解高出12.06%。     

鹿角盘成分提取及其工艺的优化

摸索鹿角盘提取条件,优化提取工艺。利用正交试验考察水提法和酶解法对鹿角盘提取率的影响。水提法:料液比1︰25 (g/mL), 100℃煎煮6 h,提取率为28.11%。单酶酶解法:胃蛋白酶酶解工艺为料液比1︰30 (g/mL),pH 1.8,加酶量4%,酶解温度37℃,酶解4 h,提取率为22.39%;胰蛋白酶酶解工艺为料液比1︰20 (g/mL), pH 8.0,加酶量4%,酶解温度55℃,酶解6 h,提取率为20.99%。复合酶解酶解工艺:先胃蛋白酶,处理条件为料液比1︰20 (g/mL),pH 1.8,加酶量1%,酶解温度37℃,酶解12 h;后胰蛋白酶,处理条件为料液比1︰20 (g/mL), pH 8.0,加酶量0.4%,酶解温度37℃,酶解2 h,提取率可达31.84%。按照复合酶解工艺,对水提法最佳条件下提取后的鹿角霜进行复合酶解,提取率仅为1.33%。利用水提和酶解的方法筛选出鹿角盘的最优提取条件,制备工艺合理。由结果看出,两个方法中得到的提取率差异不明显。复合酶解得到的提取物种类和含量多于水提法的种类和含量。     

超声辅助酶法提取柚子皮多糖工艺的响应面优化

以柚子皮为原料,采用超声辅助酶法提取柚子皮多糖。为提高柚子皮多糖提取率,通过响应面法对提取条件进行优化。实验结果表明:柚子皮多糖的最适提取条件为料液比1∶30 g/mL、pH6、加酶量为1.7%、纤维素酶与果胶酶之比1∶1、酶解时间1.2 h、酶解温度50 ℃、超声时间29 min、超声温度70 ℃。在此条件下,柚子皮多糖的平均提取率为82.4%,得率为27.3%,得到的粗多糖纯度46.2%。     

响应面法优化杏鲍菇多糖提取工艺

对杏鲍菇内多糖的提取条件进行研究,首先采用单因素法对影响酶解杏鲍菇水溶性多糖含量的因素以及酶解条件进行选取,然后在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对杏鲍菇多糖的提取工艺进行优化,确定杏鲍菇多糖提取工艺的最佳参数,为其进一步的开发利用提供参考,杏鲍菇经过打浆、酶解后,通过水提醇沉的方法进行多糖的提取。结果表明:酶加量、料液比、pH值、酶解温度和酶解时间对多糖的提取具有明显的影响。杏鲍菇的最佳提取工艺参数为:纤维素酶0.9%、中性蛋白酶0.2%、料液比1∶2(g/mL)、pH 5.5、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间3 h,在该条件下杏鲍菇多糖提取率为3.24%。     

复合酶法提取红雪茶粗多糖工艺优化研究

为了获得复合酶法提取红雪茶粗多糖的最佳工艺,采用单因素实验和正交实验,研究了不同料液比、pH、酶解温度、提取时间和不同复合酶配比对红雪茶粗多糖提取率的影响;在此基础上采用L9(34)正交实验研究了各影响因素对红雪茶粗多糖提取率的影响,结果表明复合酶最佳配比为纤维素酶2.0%,果胶酶2.0%,木瓜蛋白酶0.5%;影响红雪茶粗多糖提取率的四个因素的主次顺序为:料液比>酶解温度>pH>酶解时间;最佳提取工艺条件是料液比1:40,pH4.5,酶解温度40℃,酶解时间80min,在此条件下红雪茶多糖提取率达8.91%。本研究确定了复合酶法提取红雪茶多糖的最佳工艺。     

酶法提取鲍鱼多糖的研究

选用木瓜蛋白酶酶解鲍鱼肉,提取多糖,确定了温度、时间、pH值、料液比、加酶量对鲍鱼多糖得率的影响。结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶的适宜反应条件为温度55℃,时间2h,pH8.0,料液比1∶40,加酶量2.0%,在此条件下,鲍鱼多糖的得率为19.60%。     

纤维素酶法提取菠萝皮渣多糖生产工艺研究

利用纤维素酶的酶解作用对菠萝皮渣多糖的提取工艺进行了研究。研究了料液比、加酶量、酶解温度和酶解时间对菠萝皮渣多糖的提取率的影响,并通过正交试验确定纤维素酶法提取菠萝皮多糖的最佳工艺。正交试验结果表明提取菠萝皮渣多糖的工艺最佳条件为酶解温度48℃、酶解时间100min、加酶量0.8%。在该条件下菠萝皮渣多糖的实际提取率为26.3%。该方法与其他类似提取方法相比较具有成本低,速度快,提取率高的优点。     

超声波辅助酶法优化黄精多糖提取工艺的研究

该文主要以始兴黄精为原料,纯净水为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助酶法提取黄精多糖,通过单因素试验研究复合酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度和料液比等因素对黄精多糖提取率的影响,并对其最佳工艺进行正交试验优化。结果表明,超声波辅助酶法提取黄精多糖的最佳工艺条件为:复合酶添加量6%、酶解温度65℃、酶解时间55 min、料液比1∶30(g/mL),在此工艺条件下得到黄精多糖的提取率为25.63%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.