国产小麦与法国主要面包小麦品种的品质比较

比较了郑州市农科所育成／引进的三个面包小麦品种郑农７号，陕优２２５、郑优５号与法国主要面包小麦品种Ｓｏｉｓｓｏｎｓ的品质，上述三个小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量高于法国品种Ｓｏｉｓｓｏｎｓ，面筋质量好，面包烘品质优良。     

“哈师”黑粒小麦全麦粉的品质评价

对“哈师”黑粒小麦的千粒质量与制粉进行测试,研究其全麦粉的理化指标、面筋含量及特性、流变学特性。结果表明：“哈师”黑粒小麦的千粒质量为30.11g,出粉率达75%,其全麦粉的蛋白质含量为18.56%,干、湿面筋含量分别为28.79%和64.55%,远远高于普通小麦粉,但面筋弹性一般。面团吸水率为67.6%,面团形成为3.0min,稳定时间2.1min,弱化度119FU,粉质评价值40。面团流变性低于普通小麦粉。综合判断,“哈师”黑粒小麦适宜加工成面条。     

近年来海南甘蔗育种场甘蔗开花诱导与新种质杂交利用研究

对Ｂａｄｉｌａ、ＢｌａｃｋＣｈｅｒｉｂｏｎ、Ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｉｎａ、粤糖５７－４２３、Ｃｏ４１９、闽糖７０－６１１以及新引进的热带种５７ＮＧ１５５、ＩＪ７６－３１５和Ｋｒｏｐｉ等进行了人工开花诱导试验。除ＢｌａｃｋＣｈｅｒｉｂｏｎ和Ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｉｎａ外，其它参试品系均成功地诱导花开，这些品种在适当的处理条件下，开花率达３０％以上，始花期提早至１１月上旬至１２月上旬，有效地解决了在海南甘蔗育种场自然     

小麦品种品质与面条品质关系的研究

通过对陕西关中近年育成的１３个小麦品种（品系）的籽粒性状、蛋白质品质、磨粉品质、粉质参数及面条蒸煮品质的系统分析,研究了小麦品种品质性状与面条品质性状的相关关系,结果认为,信仪２号８８２１、大粒８７８、３个小麦品种适宜于制作面条。面条蒸煮吸水率与小麦品种的出粉率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率与小麦品种的发率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率１、灰分含量呈极显著负相关     

经编机

本届展览会上德国ＫＡＲＬＭＡＹＥＲ公司展出四台经编机，它们分别是：一、ＨＫＳ３１型高速脱利考经编机主要技术参数为：机幅１８０英寸机号Ｅ２８机速２３００ｒ／ｍｉｎ产量４９ｍ／ｈ原料构成及穿纱：Ｌ１Ｅｌａｓｔｉｃｙａｒｎ４０ｄ（弹力丝）Ｌ２Ｅｌａｓｔｉ...     

不同发芽状况对小麦烘焙品质的影响

对强面筋、中强面筋和弱面筋类型的３个小麦品种的烘焙品质进行分析。结果表明,随发芽程度加深,籽粒蛋白质含量降低,α－淀粉酶活性增强,面粉和面改变。小于４１ｈ发芽处理的强面筋、中强面筋泪科小于１８ｈ发芽处理的强面筋小麦,其面包烘焙品质与对照处同一水平。发芽面对包烘焙品质影响,弱面筋类型品种比强面筋类型品种更为敏感。     

用溶涨试验法检测小麦面筋品质的研究

选取面筋强度差异较大的小麦品种，制取全麦粉并洗面筋，分析了其在稀乳酸溶液中浸泡的时间对溶涨值及透光率的影响，提出：３ｈ面筋溶涨体积和２ｈ面筋－乳酸溶液透光率可作为检测小麦面筋品质的有效指标，这些指标在蛋白质含量和面筋含量保持恒定时与ＳＤＳ沉降值、揉面时间、Ｐｅｌｓｈｅｎｋｅ值等密切相关，与揉面曲线峰高等无明显相关。提出了强、中、弱面筋小麦的溶涨值及透光率指标。     

不同品种小麦面筋蛋白的功能性质

以10个品种小麦面筋蛋白为研究对象,研究了不同品种小麦面筋蛋白的持水性、持油性等水化性质,以及起泡性、泡沫稳定性和乳化性等表面性质,并分析了面筋蛋白的游离巯基、二硫键和二级结构。结果表明,面筋蛋白的功能特性在不同品种间存在差异。高筋小麦面筋蛋白的持水性、持油性显著高于低筋和中筋小麦面筋蛋白（P<0.05）,新麦26和师栾02-1面筋蛋白分别具有最强的持水性和持油性（其值分别为356.58%、392.5%）。测试样品中,低筋小麦面筋蛋白具有高的起泡性和表面疏水性,豫保1号面筋蛋白起泡性高达183.33%,而郑麦103面筋蛋白表面疏水性最强（P<0.05）。不同品种小麦面筋蛋白的游离巯基和二硫键含量不同,高筋小麦面筋蛋白含有较高的二硫键,而低筋小麦面筋蛋白游离巯基含量高。此外,高筋小麦面筋蛋白具有较高比例的α-螺旋结构,而低筋小麦面筋蛋白具有高比例的β-折叠和无规则卷曲结构。本研究结果可为面筋蛋白的精深加工和在具体领域的应用提供一定的科学依据。     

河套地区不同品种小麦品质特性研究

以在河套地区种植的10个不同麦区主推的小麦品种为研究对象，探究小麦籽粒、小麦粉和面团基本特性。结果表明：其中有4个品种的6项指标都达到我国小麦品种品质分类标准中强筋小麦品种要求。小麦籽粒的面筋含量、沉降值与小麦粉的蛋白质含量、水分含量、形成时间、稳定时间、粉质指数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、形变能量与小麦粉的湿面筋含量、水分含量、形成时间、最大拉伸阻力、能量、最大拉伸比呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。根据方差累计贡献率提取出4个主成分可以反映原变量92.899%的小麦品质特性综合信息，可为河套地区优质小麦品种的筛选、培育及不同品种小麦的深加工提供参考。     

中国首批面包小麦品种品质的研究

研究了我国首批通过国家鉴评的１８个面包小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成和部分品质性状。结果表明：我国面包小麦品种的总体品质达到美国硬红冬品种水平。据比沉降值、和面时间和蛋白质含量，将我国首批面包小麦品种分为三种类型：强面筋类型、面筋强度一般类型和高蛋白类型。讨论了我国面包小麦品种的利用和开发问题。     

Protein characteristics of Chinese black-grained wheat

Protein properties of black-grained wheat (BGW) were compared with those of five carefully selected wheat controls (Taifen 1, Klasic, Yecora Rojo, Glenlea and Anza) in order to find potential uses for BGW. Protein content, mixing properties, gluten index and amino acid composition were measured. BGW whole meal had a higher protein content (17.71%) than was found in controls. Gluten index of BGW flour (69.74) was generally low compared to controls. Mid-line peak times determined using mixograph were significantly longer (p < 0.05) for most controls (5.41–6.27 min) in comparison to BGW flour (<3.00 min). Dough stickiness (223.76 g) of BGW was somewhat stronger than that of Klasic and CES flours. Total essential amino acid and total amino acid contents in whole meal were 4.45% and 15.74%, respectively, for BGW. The amino acid composition was relatively stable after high-temperature drying of wet BGW gluten. In vitro protein digestibility of BGW wheat meal was the lowest.     

Effect of beta-cyclodextrin on pasting properties of wheat starch

Changes of viscosity characteristics of genetically diverse hexaploid wheat starches during pasting in water, 1% NaCl solution, or at pH 4 or pH 10 were studied using a Rapid Visco-Analyzer. Peak viscosity (PV), hot paste viscosity (HPV) and cool paste viscosity (CPV) of all the wheat starches was little affected in pH 4 and pH 10 treatments. In 1% NaCl, all starches showed substantial increases in all three parameters relative to pasting in water. The use of 1% beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) (cycloheptaamylose) solution increased PV of high-swelling starches, but generally slightly decreased that of low swelling starches in all treatment conditions. HPV was always reduced by addition of 1% beta-CD, but CPV was increased in most treatments for Anza and Yecora Rojo (low swelling), but decreased for Klasic (high swelling). Bacterial alpha-amylase was added to starch or flour. The effect of beta-CD was shown to be independent of alpha-amylase inhibition in wheat starch, but beta-CD strongly inhibited alpha-amylase in wheat flour.     

三相卧螺法生产小麦淀粉工艺中轻相液蛋白质的营养学评价

将小麦面粉和谷朊粉中蛋白质的营养进行比较,评价了三相卧螺法生产小麦淀粉过程中的副产物轻相液中蛋白质的营养价值。结果表明：轻相液中蛋白质的氨基酸评分和化学评分均高于小麦面粉和谷朊粉,其中必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）、生物价（BV）、氨基酸比值系数分（SRCAA）、体外蛋白质消化率（IVPD）、蛋白质的效率比（PER）以及蛋白质消化率校正的氨基酸评分（PDCASS）分别为0.95、92.06、73.73、85.4%、1.89和0.43。同时,利用模糊识别法计算得到轻相液中蛋白质的贴近度为0.85,高于小麦面粉和谷朊粉。因此,轻相液中的蛋白质优于小麦面粉和谷朊粉中的蛋白质。     

微波辐照稳定化处理小麦籽粒及其品质变化的研究

以河北优质白麦为原料,研究了微波辐照功率、辐照时间、润麦水分、润麦时间等参数对全麦粉脂肪酶活动度、湿面筋含量的影响,考察了适度微波辐照对面粉粉质特性和糊化特性的影响。结果表明微波辐照能够显著降低(p<0.05)全麦粉的脂肪酶活动度和湿面筋含量。适度的微波辐照(微波功率420 W,辐照时间90 s,润麦水分14%,润麦时间25 min)能够大幅降低全麦粉脂肪酶活动度,同时对其湿面筋含量损伤较小,并提高面粉粉质稳定时间,降低弱化度,增加了面糊峰值粘度和回生值,改善了面筋强度和面糊稳定性,延缓了全麦粉脂肪酸值的升高。     

面条品质与小麦粉品质特性关系的探讨

选用品质不同的小麦粉33份制作面条,探讨小麦粉品质性状和面条煮面品质的关系。结果表明,面条品质是小麦粉多种品质性状综合作用的结果,不同小麦粉品质性状对面条外观和质地作用的方向和程度不同,蛋白质质量(面筋强度和延伸性)和淀粉糊化特性对面条品质的影响较大,蛋白质质量对面条质地有较大的正向影响,对面条外观有一定的负向影响,淀粉糊化特性对面条外观和质地均有显著正向作用,而蛋白质数量对面条适口性和韧性也有一定正向作用。面筋强度较高、淀粉特性好的小麦粉适宜制作优质面条。     

Dough properties and breadmaking qualities of whole waxy wheat flour and effects of additional enzymes

BACKGROUND: Waxy wheat, a new kind of genetically back‐crossed wheat, was applied to make whole bread in this study. Dough properties and bread quality of the whole waxy wheat flour, which was milled from 100% whole grains containing bran and germ, were determined. RESULTS: Whole waxy wheat had lower protein and lipid contents but higher dietary fiber content than whole regular wheat flour. Pasting temperature and viscosity of the whole waxy wheat flour were significantly lower than those of the whole regular wheat. However, the white wheat flour milled from wheat grains with 48% recovery had significantly higher peak viscosity than the whole waxy wheat. Bread made from the whole waxy wheat flour was significantly softer than that from the whole regular wheat flour during storage. However, bread made from whole waxy wheat had significantly lower specific volume than that from the white waxy flour because of the high amount of dietary fiber. Addition of cellulase increased paste viscosity, lowered dough mixing properties and reduced the firmness of the bread. The addition of pentosanase also increased paste viscosity, lowered dough mixing properties, improved loaf volume of bread but increased the firmness of breadcrumbs, while the addition of α‐amylase only increased final viscosity of flour and did not affect dough properties and bread qualities of whole waxy wheat flour. CONCLUSION: As a result, waxy wheat shows superior properties for making whole breads. Additional enzymes are also necessary to improve bread quality and nutritive values of whole waxy bread. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

脱皮及超微粉碎对紫麦全麦粉加工品质的影响

以紫色小麦为原料,主要研究了0、4%、8%的脱皮程度及不同的超微粉碎工艺对全麦粉理化性质、流变学特性、糊化特性及曲奇饼干质构特性的影响。结果表明:随着脱皮率的增加,全麦粉中蛋白质、灰分、面筋含量都有所降低,但面筋指数增加。脱皮工艺显著改善了全麦粉的面团流变学特性、糊化特性及曲奇饼干的质构特性。与传统粉碎工艺相比,超微粉碎对全麦粉蛋白质及灰分含量的影响不大,而随着超微成分的增多,紫麦全麦粉的面筋含量、面筋指数、流变学特性、糊化黏度、曲奇饼干质构特性都有不同程度的提高。     

黑小麦全粉的流变学特性及复配混粉馒头的品质研究

通过对黑小麦全粉、与对照样特精粉复配混粉的面筋数量与质量测定,对黑小麦全粉占10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%复配混粉进行流变学特性指标的测定及制作馒头成品以评价。结果表明:不同复配比例的混粉湿面筋数量表现比例越大含量越高;黑小麦全粉的流变学特性较差;复配混粉也都低于对照样特精粉的流变学指标;黑小麦全粉单独并不适合制作馒头,当复配比例在10%~15%时,馒头评价总分在80以上。     

预混粉的氨基酸营养特性研究

研究了在混配大豆粉和小麦粉时大豆蛋白制品的粉添加比例。结果表明,脱脂大豆粉和小麦粉混配后,其混合物必需氨基酸的总吸收量的理论值并不是沿着二者各为100%时得到的两点总吸收量所连成的直线增加,而是在高于该条直线。仅采用WFO/FAO模式作为标准代替所有年龄阶段的消费群体并不具有可行性。在WFO/FAO模式下,蛋白质营养强化粉的必需氨基酸的总吸收量变化总体上和3~6月龄模式下相似,且在脱脂大豆粉添加量为0~10%时与成年人模式也相接近,但是却远远偏离于10~12岁模式和第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸(+胱氨酸)的成年人模式。     

Component Interactions in the Extrusion Cooking Process: Influence of Process Conditions on the Functional Viscosity of the Wheat Flour System

Wheat starch, vital gluten and wheat flour solubles were processed in combination, in a single screw extruder. The paste viscosity profile and degree of cook of the starch component were used to assess interactive effects. The composite of all 3 components, simulating a wheat flour, was more cooked and gave thicker pastes than wheat flour itself when processed under the same extrusion conditions. The data suggest that the integral structure of wheat flour particles imparts a greater resistance to water penetration and cooking than when the individual components exist at random in a composite formulation.