枫香叶精油抑菌活性及抗氧化活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取枫香叶精油,用滤纸片法测定精油的抑菌活性,用平板涂布法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC),同时研究了枫香叶精油抑菌活性的酸碱稳定性、热稳定性、紫外稳定性和抗氧化稳定性。结果表明：枫香叶精油对5 种受试菌的抑制效果有较大差异,对革兰氏阳性菌和霉菌的抑制作用较强,对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用较弱;精油对枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黄曲霉、青霉的MIC 分别为1.25%、0.625%、5%、2.5%、2.5%;精油对温度和紫外照射具有良好的稳定性,在不同的pH 值条件下其抑菌活性不稳定,酸性环境下其抑菌活性强,碱性环境下抑菌活性弱;精油具有抑制食物氧化的作用,随着精油浓度增大其抗氧化性增强。     

阳荷不同极性部位体外抑菌活性研究

为研究阳荷的体外抑菌活性,采用70%乙醇回流提取阳荷粉末,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取乙醇提取物,得到乙醇提取物、石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物;用滤纸片对乙醇提取物及不同极性萃取物进行抑菌活性测定,有抑菌活性的部位进一步测定其最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)。试验结果表明阳荷乙醇提取物、石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物,MIC值在3.125 mg/mL~12.5 mg/mL之间,MBC值为25 mg/mL;阳荷乙醇提取物、石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物对枯草芽孢杆菌有较强的抑菌效果,MIC值在3.125 mg/mL~12.5 mg/mL之间,MBC值为25 mg/mL;阳荷乙醇提取物和石油醚萃取物对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌均有抑菌效果;阳荷乙醇提取物、石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物对苏云金芽孢杆菌没有抑菌作用。阳荷对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有广谱抑菌活性。     

杜仲雄花正丁醇提取物抑菌活性研究

为探讨杜仲雄花正丁醇提取物的抑菌活性,以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、炭疽杆菌、根霉、青霉和黑曲霉为供试菌种,采用打孔法和倍比稀释法,检测杜仲雄花正丁醇粗提物及经过硅胶柱分离得到的7种不同极性提取物对真菌和细菌的抑菌活性,并确定最小抑菌浓度(MIC),分析粗提物及7种分离产物的活性。结果显示,杜仲雄花正丁醇粗取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和炭疽杆菌具有较好的抑菌作用,MIC分别为0.007 8g/mL和0.015 6g/mL;杜仲雄花正丁醇粗提物对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、根霉、黑曲霉和青霉没有抑制作用。然而经过硅胶柱进一步分离发现,经过分级提取的样品4和样品5对黑曲霉出现了抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、炭疽杆菌、和枯草芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌的抑制作用明显增强。说明杜仲雄花正丁醇粗提物经过硅胶柱的分离能够得到对不同菌株的特异抑菌物质,这为寻找不同菌种的抑菌活性物质提供了参考依据。     

水葱提取物的抗菌作用研究

对水葱全草以乙醇、正己烷、丙酮、正丁醇作为溶剂提取有效成分,采用抑菌圈法测定了提取物对7种受试菌的抑菌作用,用稀释法测定了受试菌的MIC。结果表明:水葱提取物有较强的抑菌活性。其中乙醇提取液对黑曲霉、枯草杆菌的MIC为1.25mg/mL,正丁醇提取物对黑曲霉的MIC为2.5mg/mL,乙醇提取物抑菌活性总体好于其他溶剂提取物。实验测试了不同温度条件下提取物的抑菌活性以及提取物对食物的防腐作用,表明水葱提取液具有较好的热稳定性和防腐效果。     

山豆根提取物抗氧化和抑菌活性的研究

研究山豆根不同溶剂(氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇)提取物的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性,通过测定四种提取物的DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基的清除能力以及还原能力来评估其抗氧化能力;并通过测试各提取物对7种实验菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)来评估它们的抑菌活性。结果表明:山豆根四种溶剂提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力和抑菌活性,其中,对DPPH自由基的清除效果最佳,EC50均小于0.2mg/m L;乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌作用,其MIC为0.313mg/m L。     

瓶尔小草不同溶剂提取物的体外生物活性

比较瓶尔小草不同溶剂（氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇）提取物的抗氧化性、抑菌性和抗癌细胞增殖作用。以抗坏血酸为对照,通过测定对3种自由基的清除作用来评价瓶尔小草提取物的抗氧化活性;以微量稀释法研究了4种提取物对几种常见致病菌的抑菌活性;同时还采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, MTT）法研究了瓶尔小草提取物对SKOV3卵巢癌细胞的抗增殖作用。结果表明:瓶尔小草各提取物都有一定的抗氧化、抑菌和抗增殖作用。其中正丁醇提取物的活性最强,其对DPPH自由基的清除效果最佳,IC₅₀为0.114 mg/mL;对乙型溶血性链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠球菌有明显的抑制作用,MIC均为0.313 mg/mL;对SKOV3卵巢癌细胞的抑制作用最强,IC₅₀为114.5 μg/mL。瓶尔小草正丁醇提取物可望进一步开发用于药品和功能食品领域。     

灰灰菜提取物体外抑菌活性的研究

目的：探讨灰灰菜的体外抑菌活性。方法：分别用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯对灰灰菜65% 乙醇提取物进行萃取,然后用滤纸片扩散法和最低抑菌浓度法(MIC)检测3 种萃取物对7 种人体常见致病菌生长的影响。结果：石油醚、氯仿萃取物对供试菌均无明显抑制作用,而乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑菌活性很强,其对大肠杆菌的最小抑制浓度(MIC)小于1.56mg/ml,对绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、藤黄微球菌的MIC 分别为3.13、6.25、6.25、12.5mg/ml,而对粪肠球菌和白假丝酵母的MIC 均大于50mg/ml。结论：乙酸乙酯萃取物对细菌具有明显的抑制作用,且对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制效果强于革兰氏阳性菌,但对真菌的抑制作用不明显。     

枫香叶正丁醇提取物抗氧化活性及其对金橘的保鲜效果

为追踪枫香叶正丁醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性及其对果品的采后贮藏保鲜效果,以枫香叶正丁醇提取物（枫香叶依次经醇提、正丁醇萃取、大孔树脂层析、50%乙醇溶液洗脱后所得产物）为材料,分别研究其对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基（·OH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2 － ·）的体外清除能力和还原力;并用不同质量浓度（10、30、50 mg/100 mL）的枫香叶正丁醇提取物对金橘果实进行浸泡处理,室温（14～16 ℃）贮藏,每3 d测定金橘果实的质量损失率、腐烂率、硬度、可溶性固形物（total solublesolids,TSS）含量、可滴定酸（titratable acid,TA）含量、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性、VC含量等果实的品质和生理指标。结果表明,枫香叶正丁醇提取物的体外清除DPPH自由基、·OH、O2－·能力和还原力较强;可以减少金橘果实腐烂、质量损失和MDA含量,减缓果实硬度下降和TSS、TA、VC含量的降低,增强SOD的活性,在金橘果实的贮藏应用上有较好的前景。     

不同干燥方式对核桃青皮活性物质含量和生物活性的影响

目的研究不同干燥方法对核桃青皮提取物的生物活性物质含量、抗氧化活性和抑菌活性的影响。方法分别采用Folin-Ciocalteu法、硝酸铝显色法和分先先度法测定核桃青皮提取物的多酚含量、黄酮含量和单宁含量;采用自由基清除法和三价铁离子还原法测定抗氧化活性;采用抑菌圈法、最低抑菌浓度值法(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度值法(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)测定抑菌活性。结果真空冷冻干燥后的提取物的生物活性成分保留量最大,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力和铁还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)均最强,对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制作用强于革兰氏阴性菌;自然干燥后的提取物清除2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯幵噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS)自由基的能力最强;红外干燥后的提取物对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用强于革兰氏阳性菌。结论不同干燥方式对核桃青皮提取物的生物活性物质的含量和活性均有不同的影响     

艾蒿多糖抑菌活性及稳定性

采用水提法提取艾蒿多糖,用滤纸片法测定多糖的抑菌活性及最低抑菌浓度(MIC),同时研究艾蒿多糖抑菌活性的酸碱稳定性、热稳定性、紫外稳定性。结果表明:艾蒿多糖对3种常见细菌均有一定的抑制效果,对革兰氏阳性细菌如金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用较强,对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌的抑制作用较弱;艾蒿多糖对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的最小抑制质量浓度(MIC)分别为0.625、0.625、1.25 mg/mL;多糖的抑菌活性对温度和紫外照射具有较好稳定性,在不同的pH值条件下抑菌活性相对不稳定,酸性处理条件下抑菌活性较强,碱性处理条件下抑菌活性较弱。艾蒿多糖具有良好的抑菌活性,可用于天然食品防腐剂的开发利用。     

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory (DPPIV-I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L⁻¹ to 12.42 mg L⁻¹ in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Cladonia lichens and their major metabolites as possible natural antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer agents

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the acetone extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Cladonia pyxidata and Cladonia rangiferina and their atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. As a result of the study atranorin had largest free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values 131.48 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested samples had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was fumarprotocetraric acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.031 to 0.125 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All samples were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.97 to 41.23 μg/mL.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in a sugar–amino acid model system

The various biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from sugar (fructose and glucose) and 20 amino acid model systems were evaluated. Colour development, in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities of aqueous solutions of MRPs produced by heating at 130 °C for 2 h were measured. The fructose–amino acid mixture showed higher UV-absorbance and browning intensity than the glucose–amino acid mixture. The fructose–amino acid model MRPs showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ACE inhibitory activities than the glucose–amino acid model MRPs. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of MRPs derived from fructose– and glucose–tyrosine showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of other MRPs. Sugar–amino acid model MRPs inhibited the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cell in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml). Glucose MRPs showed slightly higher antiproliferative activity than fructose MRPs. In particular, sugar–tryptophan and –tyrosine MRPs exerted higher biological activities than the other MRPs.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株,通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定,并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明,分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明,菌株621蛋白酶活性最强,为（207.98±3.20）U/mL;菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强,为（3.40±1.40）U/mL;菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高,为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

红参浓缩液对小鼠的抗氧化、免疫调节及降血糖作用

该研究通过建立衰老小鼠模型和II型糖尿病小鼠模型,对比不同剂量的红参浓缩液对小鼠体内抗氧化、免疫及降血糖活性影响。实验发现：与模型组相比,红参浓缩液给药组显著降低丙二醛含量（MDA）、空腹血糖（FBG）和口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）血糖曲线下面积（AUC）并且显著提高羟自由基清除率（•OH）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和免疫球蛋白G（Ig G）、免疫球蛋白M（Ig M）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量（P<0.05）,明显改善脾脏损害。以上结果表明一定浓度的红参浓缩液可以延缓衰老、提高衰老模型小鼠的免疫力,增强II型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有降血糖的效果。