毛/涤混纺织物一浴法染色工艺探究

针对毛/涤混纺织物一浴法染色色牢度较低这一问题,选取了3种市售的载体和分散剂,探究分散染料对涤纶纤维上染百分率和对羊毛纤维沾色的影响。通过单色实验和拼色实验,探究一浴法染色工艺对毛/涤混纺织物色牢度的影响。结果表明:当载体PEW质量浓度为1.5 g/L,分散剂IS质量浓度为2 g/L,匀染剂SE-5质量浓度为4 g/L时,对提升分散染料对涤纶纤维的上染百分率和减少羊毛纤维沾色的效果最显著。通过对红、黄、蓝的单色实验以及浅咖、嫩绿、粉红的拼色实验,发现染后织物色牢度测试结果均在4级以上,符合实际生产要求;通过成本核算发现一浴法大约能节省1/3的水电气消耗,极大降低了企业生产成本。     

涤/棉织物微胶囊分散染料/中性固色活性染料一浴法染色

采用微胶囊分散染料和中性固色活性染料一浴法对涤/棉模拟交织物染色,分析了微胶囊分散染料对棉织物、中性固色活性染料对涤纶的沾色,探讨了染色温度、染色时间、染色pH、氯化钠用量等对染色性能的影响,测试了染色织物的色牢度.研究结果表明:中性固色活性染料对涤纶织物的沾色以及微胶囊分散染料对棉织物的沾色均较少,随着氯化钠用量的增加,染色棉织物的表观色深逐渐增加,而涤纶织物的表观色深有所下降.中深色染色的最佳工艺条件为:加入一定比例的中性固色活性染料和微胶囊分散染料,染色pH=7,染色温度130℃,保温时间60 min,氯化钠用量40 g/L左右,涤/棉混纺织物用微胶囊分散染料/中性固色活性染料染色后,各项色牢度均满足服用要求.     

改性涤纶与羊毛同浴染色的研究

通过对纤维K/S值的测定,研究了温度、pH值、载体等因素对改性涤纶与羊毛同浴染色时不同涤纶的上染性能和羊毛沾色的影响.结果表明,在相同的温度下,改性涤纶EDDP、ECDP具有更高的上染率.与改性涤纶同浴染色的羊毛对分散染料的沾色明显减少.羊毛/涤纶同浴染色时,染浴pH值大于5时,分散染料发生还原,涤纶上染率明显减少,羊毛沾色色调改变.羊毛/涤纶体系中加入适当的载体可使涤纶上染率有所提高,而过高的载体加入量反会使涤纶上染率下降.     

毛涤混纺织物分散染料染色

用自行合成的三种羊毛织物改性剂G1、G2和G3，对羊毛织物、毛涤混纺织物进行改性，探讨了最佳改性工艺条件和改性织物的分散染料染色。结果表明，经改性剂G1改性的毛涤织物，可用分散染料在常压下染色，且染色K／S值较高，皂洗和摩擦牢度均在3级以上。毛涤织物较合适的改性条件为：改性剂4％（owf），分散剂0．5g／L，温度90℃，时间40min，pH值9；改性毛涤织物较合适的染色条件为：染料2％（owf），载体1．5g／L，乙醇12mL／L，染色温度100℃，染色时间60min。     

芳砜纶分散染料苯乙酮载体染色

由于芳砜纶纤维特殊的结构,使得染料在常规条件下很难进入纤维内部,采用苯乙酮为载体对芳砜纶织物进行分散染料染色,讨论了苯乙酮用量、染色温度、染色时间和染浴pH值对芳砜纶织物染色性能的影响,并对染色后织物的色牢度等进行研究。结果表明,在苯乙酮用量为10 g/L,匀染剂TOP用量0.5 g/L,染色温度100 ℃下染60 min,分散染料染色芳砜纶织物的耐水洗色牢度为4~5级,干、湿摩擦牢度均为4级。     

PLA/PHBV长丝经编针织物低温载体染色工艺

针对PLA/PHBV织物分散染料常压下染色得色浅,而高温高压染色织物强力损伤大的问题,研究了PLA/PHBV织物分散染料低温染载体染色工艺。探讨了载体的用量、染色pH值、保温温度和保温时间等因素对PLA/PHBV织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,在环保型载体用量为6.0 g/L、匀染剂UNIVADINER LEV 2.0 g/L、pH值=5、温度为80℃、保温时间20 min的条件下,不仅PLA/PHBV织物表观色深值(K/S值)高于高温高压染色,而且PLA/PHBV织物断裂强力损伤也较小。     

还原剂H在涤纶染色后的清洗应用

合成了一种还原剂H,属于亚磺酸盐的衍生物.在涤纶用分散染料染色后的清洗中进行了应用试验,并得出了较佳的清洗工艺:15 min,浴比1:30,还原剂H用量2 g/L,碱用量2 g/L,80℃;在此使用工艺下,处理后的织物相对于未处理的织物干摩擦牢度可以提升1级多,湿摩擦牢度及棉沾色可以提升约0.5级,而涤沾色牢度可提高近1级;还原剂H在最佳清洗使用工艺下,与保险粉效果相当.     

芳砜纶/粘胶混纺织物活性/分散一浴一步法染色

在载体苯乙酮芳砜纶分散染料染色和中性浴固色活性染料粘胶染色工艺的基础上,确定了芳砜纶/粘胶混纺织物一浴一步法染色条件：载体苯乙酮10 g/L,硫酸钠25 g/L,染浴pH值为7,染色温度100 ℃,染色时间为90 min。染品匀染性较好,但分散染料对粘胶织物以及活性染料对芳砜纶织物均有一定程度的沾色,而硫酸钠的存在会降低载体苯乙酮分散染料染色的上染率,苯乙酮的存在也会降低粘胶中性浴固色活性染料的上染率。     

PLA织物低温染色

采用载体CWP-910对PLA织物进行分散染料低温染色,考察了载体用量、染色时间、染浴pH值对染色效果的影响。结果表明,载体CWP-910对分散染料具有显著的增溶作用,可实现PLA织物分散染料低温染色;优化的PLA织物分散染料低温染色工艺为:分散染料4%(owf),CWP-910 3 g/L,中性染浴,85℃染色40 min。采用该工艺染色的PLA织物具有较高的耐洗色牢度和耐升华色牢度。     

环保载体的制备及在毛/涤一浴染色中的应用

为降低涤纶的染色温度,实现毛/涤混纺织物一浴法染色,制备具有良好稳定性的环保无味载体乳液,测试载体对涤纶玻璃化转变温度的影响,探讨染色温度、载体用量对涤纶染色效果的影响,以及毛/涤一浴染色后解决分散染料沾染羊毛的方法。结果表明,载体对涤纶有明显的增塑作用,使用自制的载体乳液可以于98℃染涤纶,载体的最佳用量为5%(owf);毛/涤一浴染色后,用含保险粉0.6 g/L,碳酸钠1.0 g/L,阴离子表面活性剂AES1.0 g/L的还原液,采用1∶50的浴比于75℃还原清洗10 min,有效解决了分散染料沾染羊毛的问题。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.