麦麸多糖提取工艺及其抑菌活性的研究

通过单因素和L9(33)正交试验对麦麸多糖的微波法提取工艺进行研究,得出提取的最佳工艺条件为:时间90 s、功率320 W、料液比1∶30,在此工艺条件下,麦麸多糖得率为6.57%。通过体外抑菌试验及最小抑菌浓度的测定研究了麦麸多糖的抑菌效果,结果表明:麦麸多糖浓度为40～60 mg/mL时,其对地衣芽胞杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡糖球菌及沙门氏菌等常见致病菌已达到较好的抑菌效果;麦麸多糖的最低抑菌浓度为地衣芽孢杆菌8.0 mg/mL,大肠杆菌10.0 mg/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌均为6.0 mg/mL。     

广藿香总黄酮提取工艺及抑菌活性研究

优化广藿香总黄酮提取工艺并评价其抑菌活性。在单因素试验的基础上选择提取时间、温度、液料比采用三因素三水平的RSM试验设计,优化其工艺参数;通过对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌及枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用评价广藿香总黄酮抑菌作用。通过RMS模型预测,最优提取条件为:乙醇浓度85%,提取温度86.5℃,提取时间90 min,液料比51.2∶1(mL/g),提取1次,在此条件下广藿香总黄酮提取率理论值为0.889 mg/g。实际值为(0.878±0.027)mg/g(n=3);广藿香总黄酮浓缩液对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及大肠杆菌均具有明显的抑制作用,与5%苯甲酸钠溶液抑菌活性相当。     

高良姜提取物抑菌活性及稳定性研究

采用牛津杯法与二倍梯度稀释法对高良姜提取液抑菌广谱性、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)进行研究,同时与食品常用的防腐剂山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠的最小抑菌浓度进行比较,并考查高良姜提取液的稳定性。结果表明,提取物对8种菌的抑菌活性依次为:金黄色葡萄球菌蜡样芽孢杆菌副溶血性弧菌苏云金芽孢杆菌枯草芽孢杆菌沙门氏菌希瓦氏菌大肠杆菌。对蜡样芽孢杆菌的MIC为0.012 5mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.098mg/mL,对大肠杆菌的MIC为1.56 mg/mL,山梨酸钾MIC为2.5mg/mL,苯甲酸钠MIC为25.0 mg/mL。在一定范围内高良姜提取液对pH、盐浓度、糖浓度稳定,对温度、紫外光照不稳定。高良姜提取物具有广泛的抑菌谱,抑菌效果强于山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠,有望成为新一代绿色防腐剂。     

鱼腥草中天然防腐剂的提取方法及其抑菌作用研究

本文研究了鱼腥草中天然防腐剂的提取方法和抑菌作用,结果表明,用食用乙醇提取鱼腥草中防腐物质的最佳提取工艺参数为:固液比1∶15,提取温度80℃,提取时间为10h。鱼腥草醇提取物对实验用常见食品污染菌有较强的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为6·25mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌为12·5mg/mL,对汉逊氏酵母菌为25mg/mL,对黑曲霉及青霉等均为50mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性pH范围均为47,对汉逊氏酵母菌为46。     

胡椒中天然防腐剂的提取方法及其抑菌作用研究

研究了胡椒中天然防腐剂的提取方法和抑菌作用,结果表明,用食用乙醇提取胡椒中防腐物质的最佳提取工艺参数为:固液比1∶25、浸提温度70℃、浸提时间为20h。胡椒醇提取物对实验用常见食品污染菌有较强的抑制作用,对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为6.25mg/mL,对大肠杆菌为12.5mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌和汉逊氏酵母菌均为25mg/mL,对黑曲霉及青霉等均为50mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和汉逊氏酵母菌的抑菌活性pH范围均为4~6,对大肠杆菌为4~5。     

粪鬼伞菌丝体提取液的抗菌活性

以深层发酵得到的粪鬼伞菌丝体为原料,分别用水和80%的乙醇溶液进行超声波浸提,对浸提液进行体外抗菌实验,然后用与总糖浓度相同的多糖溶液和水提液对比进行抗菌试验.结果表明,水提液对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC) 为3.2 mg/mL, 对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为1.6 mg/mL;对大肠杆菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为12.5 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MBC为25 mg/mL;对青霉和黑曲霉没有作用;醇提液对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为50 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、青霉和黑曲霉没有作用;总糖质量浓度相同的多糖溶液和水提液具有等效的抑菌和杀菌能力.因此,粪鬼伞多糖就是水提液中的主要抗菌活性物质.     

八角中天然防腐剂的提取方法及其抑菌作用研究

本文研究了八角中天然防腐剂的提取方法和抑菌作用。结果表明：用食用酒精提取八角中防腐物质的最佳提取工艺参数为：固液比为l：8、浸：提温度70℃、浸提时间为10小时。八角醇提取物对实验用常见食品污染菌有较强的抑制作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为12．5mg/mL，对大肠杆菌和汉逊氏酵母菌为25mg/mL，对黑曲霉及青霉等分别为50mg／mL和100mg/mL，对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制活性pH范围为4-6，对大肠杆菌为4-5。     

超声辅助提取昆布多酚及其抑菌活性的研究

采用Box-Behnken试验设计,对超声提取昆布多酚工艺进行优化研究。最佳提取工艺是:乙醇浓度30%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),超声时间32 min,超声温度35℃,在此条件下昆布多酚的得率能够达到4.485 mg/5 g。抑菌试验表明:昆布多酚能够抑制大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,对酵母的抑菌作用较小;对大肠杆菌和葡萄酒酵母的最低抑菌浓度均为5mg/m L,对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为1.25mg/m L,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为2.5mg/m L。     

微波辅助提取淫羊藿多糖工艺条件及抑菌效果的研究

采用微波辅助水提法提取淫羊藿多糖,通过正交试验对主要工艺参数进行优化,得到最佳工艺参数为固液比1:50,微波作用时间10 min,微波功率400 W,在此工艺条件下,淫羊藿多糖得率为10.14%。同时对淫羊藿多糖的抑菌活性进行了研究。结果表明:淫羊藿多糖对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果明显,最小抑菌质量浓度分别为1.6、0.8 mg/mL和3.2 mg/mL。对西瓜枯萎、水稻恶苗及黑曲霉也有较好的抑制作用。对苏云金芽孢杆菌、苹果落叶、红小豆炭疽、木霉没有表现出抑菌活性。     

三角帆蚌多糖的超声波辅助提取及体外抗菌活性

运用超声波辅助热水浸提、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白的方法提取三角帆蚌多糖。在单因素实验基础上,运用响应面法中的Box-Behnken设计对三角帆蚌多糖的超声辅助提取参数进行优化。牛津杯-抑菌圈法测量三角帆蚌多糖的体外抗菌活性。结果表明:超声波辅助提取三角帆蚌多糖的最优提取条件为超声功率600W、超声提取温度50℃、超声提取时间48min、水料比12mL/g。使用此操作条件,多糖的得率为4.61%。当质量浓度小于40mg/mL时,三角帆蚌多糖对大肠杆菌、藤黄微球菌无抑制作用;质量浓度大于10mg/mL时,对蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用,并且呈现出剂量-效应关系。三角帆蚌多糖对3种细菌抑制作用的强弱顺序是:金黄色葡萄球菌>蜡样芽孢杆菌>枯草芽孢杆菌。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status