蓝莓中多酚氧化酶的酶学特性

为分析蓝莓中多酚氧化酶的酶学特性,本文对影响蓝莓多酚氧化酶（PPO）的酶活力的主要因素:p H、温度、金属离子、抑制剂及热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:蓝莓中PPO最适p H为6.5,最适温度为30℃,Ca²⁺和Mn²⁺对蓝莓PPO有抑制作用,Cu²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺对蓝莓PPO有激活作用。柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸及亚硫酸氢钠能抑制PPO酶活,但柠檬酸抑制效果较差。热稳定性实验结果表明:蓝莓果PPO耐热性较差,高温短时可显著抑制PPO酶活性。      

蓝莓中多酚氧化酶的酶学特性

为分析蓝莓中多酚氧化酶的酶学特性,本文对影响蓝莓多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶活力的主要因素:p H、温度、金属离子、抑制剂及热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:蓝莓中PPO最适p H为6.5,最适温度为30℃,Ca~(2+)和Mn~(2+)对蓝莓PPO有抑制作用,Cu~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)对蓝莓PPO有激活作用。柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸及亚硫酸氢钠能抑制PPO酶活,但柠檬酸抑制效果较差。热稳定性实验结果表明:蓝莓果PPO耐热性较差,高温短时可显著抑制PPO酶活性。     

苔干多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

研究了苔干（Lactuca sativa var.angustata）多酚氧化酶的酶学性质。结果表明：以邻苯二酚为底物,该酶的最适pH为7.4,最适温度30℃,70℃以上温度使酶迅速失活,动力学方程v=518.96[S]/（0.0166＋[S]）,VC、异VC钠、NaHSO3、L-Cys可完全抑制酶活性,饱和NaCl、10%蔗糖、SDS、EDTA-Na2均可显著抑制酶活性。该酶能催化邻苯二酚、焦性没食子酸氧化,但对邻苯二酚的亲和力更强。     

芋头多酚氧化酶的分离纯化与酶学特性

以鲜芋头为原料,通过提取、30％～80％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀、透析、超滤,以及柱层析等步骤对芋头多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)进行逐级分离纯化,并探讨其酶学特性及抑制剂对其作用规律.结果 表明:经DEAE-Sepharose、Superdex G-75色谱柱纯化后,得到了电泳纯PPO,比活力为2...     

山楂多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

研究山楂多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性。采用分光光度法测定PPO的酶活性,考察底物特异性、p H值、温度、热稳定性、底物浓度、金属离子以及抑制剂对PPO酶活性的影响。实验结果表明,山楂PPO的最适底物为邻苯二酚;最适p H值为6.5;最适温度为40℃;90℃热处理1.0 min或85℃处理1.5 min PPO酶活基本完全丧失;山楂PPO最适底物浓度为0.10 mol/L,PPO酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,相应的动力学参数Km=55.83 mmol/L,Vmax=98.04 U/min;Al3+对PPO酶活的抑制作用较强,Mn2+、Ca2+和Zn2+次之,Cu2+和Mg2+对PPO酶活抑制作用不明显,Fe3+对PPO酶活有一定的促进作用;四种抑制剂对山楂PPO酶活均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制效果与抑制剂浓度呈量效关系,相同浓度下抑制效果由强到弱顺序为:抗坏血酸L-半胱氨酸亚硫酸氢钠柠檬酸,抗坏血酸的抑制效果最为显著。     

小麦多酚氧化酶酶学特性的研究

选取3个小麦品种作为试验材料,以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法在410 nm处测定小麦多酚氧化酶的活性,研究温度、pH值、底物浓度对其活性的影响以及酶促动力学常数Km,结果表明:小麦多酚氧化酶的最适温度范围为60～75℃,最适pH值为4.0～4.6,描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,相应的动力学参数km=0.19 mol/L,vmax=4.04×102(mol·L-1)·min-1.     

白萝卜多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

白萝卜作为我国第二大蔬菜。其贮运和加工过程中的褐变多以酶促褐变为主,全面系统地了解白萝卜多酚氧化酶（PPO）的酶学特性,并研究其抑制手段,对提升白萝卜及其制品的品质和商品价值有着重要的意义。本文以新鲜白萝卜为原材料,采用丙酮洗涤、0.2 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液匀浆法从中提取PPO,考察了pH、温度对酶活的影响,分析了其温度稳定性、底物浓度对PPO活性的影响,探讨了过程的反应动力学,并对多种酶抑制剂对PPO活性的影响进行了比较,为控制加工过程中白萝卜的酶促褐变提供了理论依据。试验结果表明：以邻苯二酚为底物,该酶的最适pH 值为6.0,最适反应温度为40 ℃,Km和Vmax值分别为53.8 mmol/L和588 U/min。90 ℃热处理2.5 min或85 ℃热处理3.5 min可基本完全钝化其活性,Vc、异Vc和L-cys对PPO酶活的抑制较为明显。     

白萝卜多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

白萝卜作为我国第二大蔬菜。其贮运和加工过程中的褐变多以酶促褐变为主,全面系统地了解白萝卜多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性,并研究其抑制手段,对提升白萝卜及其制品的品质和商品价值有着重要的意义。本文以新鲜白萝卜为原材料,采用丙酮洗涤、0.2 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液匀浆法从中提取PPO,考察了pH、温度对酶活的影响,分析了其温度稳定性、底物浓度对PPO活性的影响,探讨了过程的反应动力学,并对多种酶抑制剂对PPO活性的影响进行了比较,为控制加工过程中白萝卜的酶促褐变提供了理论依据。试验结果表明:以邻苯二酚为底物,该酶的最适pH值为6.0,最适反应温度为40℃,Km和Vmax值分别为53.8 mmol/L和588 U/min。90℃热处理2.5 min或85℃热处理3.5 min可基本完全钝化其活性,Vc、异Vc和L-cys对PPO酶活的抑制较为明显。     

小麦多酚氧化酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

为了减少多酚氧化酶(PPO)对产品所带来的负面影响,对从苏北红麦中提取的PPO粗提物进行分离纯化。经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE阴离子交换层析和Superdex 200凝胶过滤层析,最终得到电泳纯化后只有一条条带的PPO,并对该纯化后的PPO进行酶学性质研究。试验结果为:纯化后PPO总酶活回收率为7.03%,纯化倍数22.35,比酶活为373.44 U/mg,电泳分析表明其相对分子质量约为30 000。测得其最适反应p H为6.5,最适反应温度为37℃;金属离子影响的研究表明,K~+、Na~+对其活性基本无影响,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+)略有激活作用,Zn~(2+)、Cu2+激活作用较强;小麦PPO对邻苯二酚的K_m值为6.90 mmol/L,对焦性没食子酸(三酚类)、邻苯二酚(二酚类)底物亲和性较强,对单酚类(苯酚、愈创木酚)、二酚类(对苯二酚、间苯二酚)底物亲和性很低。     

丝瓜多酚氧化酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

从丝瓜中分离纯化出多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）,并对其部分酶学性质进行研究。采用硫酸铵分级盐析、透析、DEAE-Cellulose DE-52离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75分子筛凝胶过滤层析分离纯化丝瓜PPO。纯化所得酶的比活力为957.9 U/mg,纯化倍数为28.3,酶活力回收率为18.5%;十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）及非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Native-PAGE）检测结果显示该酶蛋白呈单一条带,为单亚基蛋白,其分子质量约为67.8 kD,且无同工酶;该酶最适pH6.0,最适温度30 ℃,以左旋多巴（L-dopa）为底物,其米氏常数（Km）为1.32 mmol/L,最大反应速率（Vmax）为0.22 OD475 nm/min。     

Convenient partial purification of polyphenol oxidase from apple skin by cationic reversed micellar extraction

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was selectively extracted from reconstituted freeze-dried apple skin using reverse micelles formed by a cationic surfactant, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB). An optimum forward extraction was achieved with sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6, 100 mM, no added KCl) and an organic phase (isooctane:hexanol at a ratio of 5:1) containing 100 mM DTAB. The solubilised PPO was efficiently recovered by a stripping solution (pH 6, 1 M KCl) containing 10% ethanol. Under the optimised conditions, the purification fold and recovered activity of PPO were 12.6% and 71%, respectively. This purification fold and recovery were maintained when the extraction volume increased from 10–200 ml. Overall, reversed micellar extraction can be used as an efficient first step for the purification of PPO from apple skin.     

烟草多酚氧化酶的分离提纯及性质研究

本文用丙酮干粉,硫酸铵分级沉淀,阴离子交换层析,阳离子交换层析和凝胶过滤方法从新鲜的烟叶中分离纯化出了一种多酚氧化酶Ⅰ和多酚氧化酶Ⅱ(根据过DEAE-Sephadex A-50柱后的前后顺序,命名A-5柱先洗脱的活性组分为多酚氧化酶Ⅰ(PPOⅠ),后洗脱的为多酚氧化酶Ⅱ(PPOⅡ)).分离后多酚氧化酶Ⅰ的比活力是原来的71倍,而多酚氧化酶Ⅱ的比活力为原来的100倍.SDS-PAGE电泳显示分离所得的多酚氧化酶为纯品,其分子量分别为42kDa和42.5kDa.最后测量了分离得到的PPO的一些基本性质,结果表明多酚氧化酶Ⅰ在pH=7,t=40℃时具有最大活力,多酚氧化酶Ⅱ在pH=6,t=40℃时具有最大活力.动力学研究表明在pH=6.5,以邻苯二酚为底物的条件下,两种酶Km值分别为6.8mmol/L和1.2mmol/L.     

Purification and partial characterization of polyphenol oxidase from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

The purification and partial enzymology characteristics of polyphenol oxidase from Lonicera japonica (LjPPO) were studied in this paper. The crude enzyme solution was purified in turn by ammonium sulfate, dialysis, and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography after preliminary treatments. Purification resulted in 31-fold enrichment and its molecular weight was estimated to be ∼49 kDa exhibited on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). The pH for optimal conditions of LjPPO was 7.5, and the temperature was 25 °C, in addition, the inhibitive effects of inhibitors were enhanced positively with increasing of the concentration. Moreover, crude enzyme solution showed diphenolase activity toward catechol, l-dopa and chlorogenic acid rather than monophenolase and triphenolase activity, and the best substrate was catechol because of the highest V_max/K_m value. However, the oxidation of diphenol related to browning significantly, so the data obtained in this research provided theoretical basis for the prevention of enzymatic browning of L. japonica during processing.     

Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from Ferula sp.

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of several Ferula sp. was extracted and purified through (NH₄)₂SO₄ precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration chromatography. Leaf and stem extracts were used for the determination of enzyme properties. Optimum conditions, for pH, temperature, and ionic strength were determined. The best substrates of PPO were catechol for leaf and (−) epicatechin for stem samples. Optimum pH and temperature were determined. K_M and V_max values were 2.34 × 10⁻³ M and 8541 EU/ml for catechol, and 2.89 × 10⁻³ M and 5308 EU/ml for (−) epicatechin. The most effective inhibitor was sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate for leaf samples and sodium metabisulphite for stem samples. Both inhibitors indicated competitive reactions. PPO showed irreversible denaturation after 40 min at 60 °C.     

Quantification and characterisation of polyphenol oxidase from vanilla bean

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of Vanilla planifolia Andrews beans was extracted and purified through ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration chromatography. PPO activity was measured by improved UV technique using 4-methylcatechol and catechol as substrates increasing substantial sensitivity of previous procedure. The optimum pH and temperature for PPO activity were found to be 3.0 and 3.4 and 37 °C, respectively. K_m and V_max values were found to be 10.6 mM/L and 13.9 OD₃₀₀ min⁻¹ for 4-methylcatechol and 85 mM/L and 107.2 OD₃₀₀ min⁻¹ for catechol. In an inhibition test, the most potent inhibitor was found to be 4-hexylresorcinol followed by ascorbic acid. The thermal inactivation curve was biphasic. Activation energy (E_a) and z values were calculated as 92.10 kJ mol⁻¹ and 21 °C, respectively.     

The purification and characterisation of polyphenol oxidase from green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Four isoforms of polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) were characterised in purified extracts of coats (PPOIa and PPOIb) and pods (PPOIIa and PPOIIb) of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The molecular weights of four isoforms have been estimated to be from 57.5 to 39.0 kDa by SDS–PAGE. The PPOII (mixture of PPOIIa and PPOIIb) was used to characterise the PPO of green bean pods. All isoforms activities were stable between pH 6.8 and pH 7.2. PPOIa and PPOII have similar thermal inactivation profiles, and PPOIb has higher thermal stability than that of PPOIa and PPOII. PPOs showed the highest affinity to pyrogallol in all selected substrates. Although activities of PPOs were markedly inhibited by l-ascorbic acid, the activity of PPOI (mixture of PPOIa and PPOIb) was significantly activated by MnSO₄ and CaCl₂.     

Partial characterization of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) polyphenol oxidase

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was partially purified by ammonium sulphate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) precipitation and dialysis, and then some of its kinetic properties such as optimum pH and temperature, substrate specificity, thermal inactivation and inhibition were investigated. The total phenolic and protein contents of Lactuca sativa L. extracts were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu and Bradford methods, and found to be 304 mg/100 g on a fresh weight basis and 494 μg/mL, respectively. PPO activity was determined using 4-methylcatechol, catechol and pyrogallol as substrates. Kinetic parameters, K _m and V _max, were calculated from Lineweaver–Burk plots. According to V _max/K _m ratio, pyrogallol was the most suitable substrate, followed by catechol and 4-methylcatechol. The optimum temperature and pH values were 30, 40 and 30 °C; and 6.5, 8.0 and 7.5 for 4-methylcatechol, catechol and pyrogallol substrates, respectively. The thermal inactivation of PPO was investigated at 35, 55 and 75 °C. The enzyme activity decreased with increasing temperature. The effect of different inhibitors on partially purified Lactuca sativa L. PPO was spectrophotometrically investigated. For this purpose, tropolone, glutathione, ascorbic acid and 4-aminobenzoic acid were used to inhibit the activity of Lactuca sativa L. PPO at different concentrations. From the experimental results, it was found that glutathione was found to be the most potent inhibitor for Lactuca sativa L. PPO.     

苹果中多酚氧化酶的性质

以冷冻丙酮制备苹果多酚氧化酮粉,用分光光度法研究pH、温度、抑制剂对酶活性的影响。结果表明：以邻苯二酚为底物,PPO的最适pH为6．6,最适温度为28℃;酶热失活遵循一级动力学,80℃半衰期为1．1min亚硫酸钠,半胱氨酸,抗坏血酸为强烈抑制剂。     

Purification and characterisation of polyphenol oxidase from red Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subspecies cicla) leaves

We report purification and characterisation of a polyphenol oxidase from red Swiss chard (rcPPO). Our purification procedure resulted in a 39-fold enrichment in specific activity and 17% recovery of total enzyme activity. The purified rcPPO appeared as a monomeric protein of 41 kDa, with a specific conformation conserved in the Cu²⁺ combining region. It was optimally active at pH 7.5 and 45 °C. It had a diphenolase substrate preference towards l-DOPA, catechol and chlorogenic acid, but also exhibited weak monophenolase one toward 4-methoxyphenol and l-tyrosine. We also found that the enzyme was activated by K⁺, Na⁺, SDS and laurouyl sarcosine, but inhibited by divalent cations including Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺. Its activity was completely inhibited by ascorbic acid, cysteine, 1,4-dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulphite and thiourea. This first report on the purification and characterisation of red Swiss chard PPO provides a basis for understanding and use of this enzyme.