艾蒿色素提取液的媒染染色研究

文中以水煮的方式提取艾蒿色素,并用该提取液对柞蚕锦纶复合丝针织物进行媒染染色,通过正交实验和单因素实验确定了艾蒿色素提取及媒染染色的最佳工艺条件.艾蒿色素提取最佳条件:温度90℃,水煮60 min,艾蒿与蒸馏水之比为1:20.硫酸亚铁预媒染色最佳条件:染液浓度为艾蒿提取原液浓度,温度80 ℃,时间40 min,pH值为7.硫酸亚铁后媒法处理最佳工艺条件:温度60℃,时间40 min,FeSO4·7H2O浓度6～g/L.以硫酸亚铁为媒染剂,染色织物的各项色牢度均达到3级或3级以上.     

超声波法提取苹果果实中类黄酮最佳条件研究

研究超声波法提取苹果果皮和果肉中类黄酮的条件。通过正交试验确定了最佳提取条件。果肉提取的最佳条件为提取温度70℃,乙醇浓度60%,料液比1∶25(g/mL),提取时间30 min。果皮中最佳条件为提取温度60℃,乙醇浓度60%,料液比1∶40(g/mL),提取时间20 min。并测定了3种品系中果皮和果肉中类黄酮的含量,测得果皮干物质中类黄酮的含量是果肉中的2倍～3倍。     

红松种壳中抗氧化性物质的提取研究

目的 研究红松种壳中提取有抗氧化性物质的最佳方法及工艺条件.方法 用不同溶剂、不同条件对提取的红松种壳内含物进行抗氧化实验.结果 以乙醇为提取溶剂,最佳条件为固液比1∶12、时间60 min、提取温度3 5℃.结论 红松种壳提取物具有抗氧化性.     

木芙蓉叶总黄酮提取纯化工艺的研究

目的 研究提取纯化木芙蓉叶总黄酮的工艺.方法 采用正交试验优选总黄酮的最佳提取条件并用聚酰胺纯化.结果 最佳提取条件为提取3次,乙醇浓度50％,料液比1∶10,提取时间1.5 h.聚酰胺纯化条件为上样浓度2.25 mg/mL,乙醇解吸浓度70％,解吸速率2 BV/h,洗脱液用量为2.5 BV.结论 利用本实验的优化工艺可使总黄酮纯度达到60％,工艺可行.     

微波-表面活性剂协同提取番薯天然紫色素的研究

紫心番薯色素(PPSP)为水溶性天然色素.本实验研究了PPSP的微波与表面活性剂协同提取以及大孔树脂的精制工艺条件.通过正交实验确定了最佳提取条件为吐温60与司班60混合比例2∶1(添加量为提取溶剂的1%),固液比1∶60,提取温度60℃,提取时间4min.最大提取率为0.781%.对比实验结果表明,该法与传统浸提法相比,提取率提高了30%,且提取时间仅为传统提取法的3%.     

菊花中黄酮类物质提取方法的研究

就水提法、醇提法、超声波法对菊花中黄酮类化合物的提取效果进行了比较,并使用正交实验确定了最佳提取条件。实验结果表明,菊花中总黄酮类物质的醇提法最佳提取条件为C3B3A1,即用1倍量80%的乙醇连续回流提取3次(每次2h);超声波法的最佳提取条件为:将样品置于60倍样品重的80%乙醇中浸泡24h,超声波提取15min。     

元宝枫单宁类化合物的提取研究

用不同种类、不同浓度的提取剂在不同的提取时间从元宝枫种壳中提取单宁,用络合法测定单宁含量, 通过比较得到最佳提取工艺条件为60%丙酮抽提时间为3h.在最佳条件下抽提单宁并通过IR图判断宁类型.     

胭脂树种子制备降红木素方法研究

本文研究了从胭脂树种子制备降红木素的方法,通过正交实验确定了最佳工艺条件。采用质量浓度为2%的氢氧化钾60%乙醇溶液作为溶剂时提取效果最好,其最佳工艺条件为:提取温度60℃,液料比(氢氧化钾溶液体积∶胭脂树种子质量,g/mL)3,提取时间为3h,提取2次,酸沉pH=3。本方法简便,收率高,适用于工业化生产。     

杜仲籽油的提取研究与应用

为了给杜仲耔油的综合开发利用提供理论依据,研究了提取杜仲籽油的最佳方法及最优条件,结果表明:杜仲籽油提取的最佳条件是:用石油醚为提取剂,物料比1:5,在60℃条件下提取2 h.杜仲耔油的收率为28.6%.     

不同方法提取丝瓜籽油的工艺研究

以丝瓜籽为原料,对丝瓜籽油的不同提取工艺和提取效果进行了比较.通过正交试验得到溶剂法最佳提取条件为:提取溶剂选用石油醚(b.p.60～90℃),提取时间为3 h,料液比为1:8(g:mL),提取温度为60℃,提取次数为2次,提取率为17.93%.超声波辅助法最佳提取条件为提取溶剂选用石油醚.超声时间为40min,超声功率为120 W,料液比为1:12(g:mL),超声温度为50℃,提取次数为2次,提取率为18.76%.结果表明,超声波辅助法提取的丝瓜籽油提取率高于溶剂提取法的提取率,并且比溶剂法提取的温度低、时间短,是一种短时高效的提取方法.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.