莲壳多酚对T-BHP致HepG2氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的：研究莲子壳多酚对叔丁基过氧化氢（tert-butylhydro-peroxide,T-BHP）诱导的HepG2氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法：选取存活率接近50%的T-BHP浓度作为氧化损伤模型建立的浓度。以细胞活力、活性氧水平（reactive oxygen species,ROS）、丙二醛水平（malondialdehyde,MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶水平（Lactic dehydrogenase,LDH）、谷胱甘肽（Glutathione,GSH）水平及抗氧化酶相关基因表达量为评价指标,以茶多酚为阳性对照,评价不同浓度（2.5、5、7.5μg/mL）莲子壳多酚抗氧化应激活性水平。结果：当120μmol/L浓度的T-BHP造模4 h后,细胞存活率达49.18%±7.55%,符合模型构建要求,故选择120μmol/L为氧化损伤模型的建模浓度进行后续实验。莲子壳多酚能极显著抑制T-BHP造成的细胞存活率降低（P<0.01）,7.5μg/mL时,ROS水平降低45.99%,MDA下降58.77%,LDH下降71.61%,GSH提高206.60%(P<0.05),抗氧化酶相关基因...     

薯蓣皂苷对HepG2肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

研究薯蓣皂苷对HepG2肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用。不同浓度薯蓣皂苷干预HepG2肝癌细胞24h后,采用MTT法、Hoechst33258染色法、JC-1染色法和Western blot法检测细胞的增殖能力、线粒体膜电位水平、活性氧水平和Bax、Bcl-2表达。结果显示,2.00μmol/L薯蓣皂苷组对HepG2细胞的抑制率为41.69%,高于1.00μmol/L薯蓣皂苷组;薯蓣皂苷干预HepG2细胞后,细胞分布密度降低,出现变圆脱落死亡;升高ROS水平、降低MMP、抑制Bcl-2和上调Bax的表达,与对照组相比均有显著性差异。2.00μmol/L薯蓣皂苷组Bcl-2、Bax相对表达量分别为0.08、0.10。以上实验结果表明,薯蓣皂苷可明显抑制HepG2肝癌细胞的增殖能力,诱导其发生凋亡,其机制可能与其通过线粒体途径降低MMP,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达,上调Bax蛋白的表达有关。     

基于HepG2细胞评价不同来源虾青素抗氧化能力差异

为探究雨生红球藻源虾青素(Haematococcus pluvialis ester astaxanthin, E-AST)和人工合成虾青素(synthetic astaxanthin, S-AST)抗氧化能力的差异，该研究分析了不同浓度(0、2.5、5、10μmol/L)2种来源虾青素处理24 h后，对HepG2细胞存活率、细胞内不同活性氧分子含量和细胞内抗氧化活性(cellular antioxidant activity, CAA)的影响。结果显示，与对照组相比，E-AST和S-AST对HepG2细胞存活率无明显影响，仅10μmol/L E-AST能够显著提高细胞存活率。荧光探针DCFH-DA检测显示，与对照组比较，除5μmol/L E-AST和2.5μmol/L S-AST外，添加其他浓度的2种虾青素均能够显著降低细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)含量(P<0.05),但是同一浓度2种虾青素处理组之间不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。DHR123荧光探针的检测结果则显示，在虾青素处理浓度为5μmol/L时，E-AST对H     

α-亚麻酸对HepG2细胞增殖能力及氧化应激的影响

采用MTT比色法研究α-亚麻酸对HepG2细胞的损伤作用,利用倒置相差显微镜观察HepG2细胞形态,并通过测定ROS水平、SOD活性以及MDA含量来探讨α-亚麻酸对HepG2细胞氧化应激的影响。结果表明:α-亚麻酸在50~250μmol/L浓度范围内呈剂量-时间依赖性方式抑制HepG2细胞的生长增殖,说明α-亚麻酸能够诱导HepG2细胞损伤;α-亚麻酸在200μmol/L浓度下作用24 h后HepG2细胞形态发生明显改变,并在高浓度时HepG2细胞呈典型的凋亡形态学改变;α-亚麻酸作用HepG2细胞后致使细胞大量生成ROS,SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高,这说明α-亚麻酸对HepG2细胞氧化应激产生影响,从而诱导HepG2细胞损伤。     

己烯雌酚、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和丙基硫脲嘧啶对小鼠垂体瘤神经细胞增殖的联合作用研究

目的探讨己烯雌酚(DES)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、丙基硫脲嘧啶(PTU)对小鼠垂体瘤神经细胞(GT1-7神经细胞)的增殖效应及其联合作用。方法 DES的剂量为0.1、1、10、100、1 000μmol/L,DBP的剂量为0.01、1、10、100、1 000μmol/L,PTU的剂量为0.000 1、0.01、1、100、1 000μmol/L。联合作用的剂量设计为DES0.1~1 000μmol/L,DBP 0.01μmol/L,PTU 0.000 1μmol/L。采用CCK-8法检测3种物质单独作用和联合作用24 h后GT1-7神经细胞存活率。结果 DES、DBP单独作用于细胞,随DES或DBP浓度的增大细胞存活率呈现先增加后降低的趋势。PTU单独作用于细胞,各组的细胞存活率与对照组比较有所增加,但基本维持在一定水平。DES、DBP、PTU单独作用时,其浓度分别低于10、100、1 000μmol/L时,GT1-7神经细胞存活率在90%以上。DES与DBP联合暴露时,细胞存活率随DES浓度的增加而降低。DES与PTU联合暴露时,细胞存活率随DES浓度增加表现为先增加后降低,DBP与PTU联合暴露时,细胞存活率随DBP浓度增加表现为先增加后降低。与DES单独作用体系比较,0.01μmol/L DBP和0.000 1μmol/L PTU同时加入到0~10μmol/L DES后细胞存活率明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而DES浓度为100μmol/L时细胞存活率由80%左右降至4%左右,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DES、DBP、PTU对GT1-7神经细胞的增殖效应呈先促进后抑制的趋势,3种物质在一定剂量下共同作用对GT1-7神经细胞增殖呈现联合作用。     

贻贝多糖对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞糖代谢的影响

为了探究贻贝多糖对胰岛素抵抗（Insulin resistance,IR）HepG2细胞糖代谢影响的潜在分子机制，以贻贝多糖（Mussel polysaccharides,MP）为研究材料，采用CCK8法检测HepG2细胞的增殖情况，同时筛选不同浓度胰岛素构建细胞胰岛素抵抗模型，检测MP对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗的影响。结果显示：当胰岛素浓度处于10-6 mol/L时，HepG2细胞的葡萄糖含量最高，对葡萄糖的消耗能力最弱，是构建胰岛素抵抗模型的最佳浓度。此外，MP(100～1000μg/mL)对HepG2细胞无毒性，能促进细胞增殖。与IR-HepG2细胞相比，200、400、600μg/mL的MP能明显提升糖原含量，分别为17.20%、22.95%和32.50%。同时，高剂量MP能显著上调PI3K和GLUT2的相对基因表达量，并能降低GSK-3β的表达量。为后续MP降血糖提供实验基础，同时有助于促进MP的开发利用。     

蓝莓花色苷提取物干预人肝癌细胞对葡萄糖消耗的作用研究

探究蓝莓花色苷提取物对胰岛素抵抗的人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞对葡萄糖消耗的干预作用。利用MTT实验筛选得到3个品种蓝莓花色苷提取物的最适作用浓度;筛选胰岛素和葡萄糖诱导HepG2细胞产生胰岛素抵抗的最佳浓度;以MTT矫正细胞数量,用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测细胞培养基中葡萄糖的变化来研究蓝莓花色苷提取物的对细胞胰岛素抵抗的干预作用。北陆花色苷提取物在低于200μg/m L的浓度时,灿烂和园蓝花色苷提取物在低于100μg/m L的浓度时,对HepG2细胞活力无明显影响;以诱导剂胰岛素的浓度为1×10-8mol/L,孵育24h作为诱导条件,其模型效果较佳、对细胞活力改变小且稳定性好;3个品种的蓝莓花色苷提取物在7.8125～31.25μg/m L浓度时,可不同程度促进正常HepG2细胞和胰岛素抵抗的HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量,且与剂量成正比关系,在31.25μg/m L达到促进最大值,与模型组比较均有极显著差异,糖消耗量分别增加了60%、65%和88%。三个品种的蓝莓花色苷提取物均能较好的预防和改善胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的利用。     

响应面优化超声波提取冬凌草甲素工艺及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:应用单因素实验和响应面法优化超声波提取冬凌草甲素工艺并探索冬凌草甲素的体外抗肿瘤活性。方法:通过单因素实验确定料液比、超声时间和超声功率的参数范围,经响应面法优化提取工艺;体外培养肿瘤细胞HepG2,经过对HepG2细胞存活率和凋亡蛋白Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达的研究,探讨冬凌草甲素的抗肿瘤活性。结果:超声波提取冬凌草甲素最佳工艺条件是:超声功率190 W,料液比1:18 g/mL时对冬凌草甲素进行1.5 h的提取,实现（4.122%±0.102%）的最大得率。体外抗肿瘤实验证实冬凌草甲素可以大幅降低HepG2细胞的存活率,增加Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白的表达,当冬凌草甲素浓度超过8 μmol/L之后,对肝癌细胞存活率和凋亡蛋白的影响具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:通过响应面法优化超声波提取冬凌草甲素的工艺实现了4.122%的最大得率,经体外药理实验证实,冬凌草甲素通过线粒体介导的内源性途径促进细胞凋亡,降低肿瘤细胞的存活率,从而达到抑制肿瘤细胞的目的。     

过氧化氢诱导H epG 2细胞氧化应激模型的建立

建立过氧化氢(H_2O_2)介导的HepG2细胞氧化应激模型,为筛选抗氧化活性物质以及揭示抗氧化应激机制提供细胞学模型。采用不同浓度H_2O_2处理Hep G2细胞不同时间,噻唑蓝(3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide,MTT)法检测细胞存活率,二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐(2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate,DCFH-DA)法检测活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平,分光光度法检测丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catlase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性。结果表明,随着H_2O_2浓度升高和作用时间延长,Hep G2细胞存活率降低,ROS水平和MDA含量升高,SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性降低。与对照组相比,200μmol/L H_2O_22处理Hep G2细胞6 h,细胞存活率显著降低(P0.05),仅为63.1%;ROS水平和MDA含量显著升高(P0.05),分别为127.1%和135.1%;SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性显著降低(P0.05),分别为77.28%、78.56%和77.41%。H_2O_2诱导HepG2细胞建立氧化应激模型的最佳条件为H_2O_2作用浓度200μmol/L,作用时间6 h。     

姜黄素对幽门螺杆菌及其诱导人胃GES-1细胞损伤的影响

对姜黄素抑制幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）及其诱导人胃GES-1细胞损伤的影响进行研究。抑菌实验结果显示,姜黄素可明显抑制Hp生长,其最低抑制浓度为200 μmol/L。采用Berthelot显色法检测Hp脲酶活力的变化情况,发现姜黄素对其也有明显的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度为1.735 mmol/L。通过噻唑蓝实验分析姜黄素对人胃GES-1细胞和Hp感染人胃GES-1细胞的影响。结果显示,短时间内（12 h）较低浓度（68 μmol/L）姜黄素对人胃GES-1细胞增殖无明显影响,但姜黄素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长可使细胞存活率明显下降。经68 μmol/L姜黄素作用12 h后,损伤模型组细胞形态有一定程度的复原,细胞存活率略有升高,但不显著（P＞0.05）;高浓度（136、680 μmol/L）姜黄素会导致细胞存活率明显下降。因此,姜黄素对Hp生长和脲酶活力有明显的抑制作用,但不足以缓解Hp对人胃GES-1细胞的损伤作用。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.