精练剂KF-110在棉织物前处理中的应用

研究自制的精练剂KF-110是集碱剂、稳定剂、精练渗透剂等特点于一体的粉状助剂。用它对棉织物进行退、煮、漂一步法前处理，采用浸渍法，冷轧堆法和汽蒸法三种工艺方法进行前处理试验。经处理后棉织物白度能达81以上，毛效11cm／30min以上，强力损伤小。     

棉织物的酶煮漂-浴工艺

对棉织物精练酶煮漂一浴工艺与传统碱剂煮漂二浴工艺进行对比试验。结果表明，该生物精练工艺前处理半制品品质(毛效、白度和得色量)均优于传统碱剂煮漂工艺。大生产试样证明，棉织物精练酶煮漂一浴法具有工艺简单、有效和环境友好特点，可以取代传统碱剂煮漂工艺。     

纯棉织物练漂一浴法精练酶T115I的应用

选用精练酶T115I代替烧碱对纯棉织物进行练漂一浴法处理.讨论了精练酶T115I用量、双氧水用量、煮漂时间和煮漂温度对处理后织物性能的影响;确定了工艺条件,即浴比1：20,精练酶T115I 1.5g/L,双氧水5 Ml/L,100℃煮漂50 min.酶精练工艺处理时间短,对纤维损伤小,处理后织物白度为80.3,毛效为10.3 cm/30 min,强力为656.0 N.     

精练剂M-177在棉织物冷轧堆练漂中的应用

将精练剂M-177应用于纯棉织物冷轧堆练漂工艺，单因素分析精练剂用量、液碱用量、双氧水用量和冷堆时间对练漂效果的影响，采用正交实验优化冷轧堆练漂工艺。优化的棉织物冷轧堆练漂工艺为：精练剂M-177 25 g/L，液碱180 g/L,30%双氧水50 g/L，室温处理24 h。经处理后的棉织物毛效为11.8 cm/30 min，白度为81.9%。     

纯棉织物的复合多效生物酶短流程精练

采用新型复合生物酶Scourzyme 301L，结合氧漂工艺，对棉织物进行退煮一步法短流程精练。讨论了酶浓度、轧余率、pH值等因素对退浆效果的影响，确定了较佳的退煮一步法和氧漂工艺，即Scourzyme 301L9．0g／L，pH值7．5，轧酶温度55℃，堆置时间60min，轧余率100％，轧酶后65℃汽蒸70min。大车生产试验表明，该工艺对纤维损伤较小，节约能源，符合环保要求。     

纯棉厚重织物的一浴法前处理工艺

采用精练酶881和去蜡剂对纯棉厚重织物纱卡进行退、煮、漂一浴法处理,探讨了精练酶881用量、去蜡剂用量、双氧水用量、汽蒸时间和稳定剂硅酸钠用量对处理后棉织物性能的影响。通过试验得出最佳工艺条件为：精练酶881用量25 g/L,去蜡剂8 mL/L,双氧水12 mL/L,硅酸钠8 g/L,在100 ℃条件下汽蒸60 min。精练酶881一浴法前处理工艺简单,对纤维损伤小,处理后的棉织物各项性能指标均优于常规法前处理工艺。     

棉织物的无硅液体精练剂退煮漂一步法工艺

采用低温煮漂一浴工艺对棉织物进行前处理,考察了精练剂、活化剂、双氧水和氢氧化钠用量,以及处理温度和处理时间对前处理效果的影响。结果表明,优化的低温前处理工艺为：精练剂1.25%（omf）,氢氧化钠2.00%(omf),双氧水2.50%(omf),活化剂1.25%(omf),处理温度80 ℃,处理时间55 min,浴比50〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗1。低温前处理棉织物的白度、毛效和强力等指标均比传统煮漂工艺好。     

棉织物低温前处理工艺

采用低温煮漂一浴工艺对棉织物进行前处理,考察了精练剂、活化剂、双氧水和氢氧化钠用量,以及处理温度和处理时间对前处理效果的影响。结果表明,优化的低温前处理工艺为：精练剂1.25%（omf）,氢氧化钠2.00%(omf),双氧水2.50%(omf),活化剂1.25%(omf),处理温度80 ℃,处理时间55 min,浴比50〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗1。低温前处理棉织物的白度、毛效和强力等指标均比传统煮漂工艺好。     

亚麻织物退煮漂一步法工艺

选用高效精练剂KX-310对亚麻织物进行退煮漂一步法处理，讨论了双氧水、精练剂、烧碱浓度、时间和温度等工艺参数对处理效果的影响，通过正交试验确定了最佳工艺条件：双氧水15g/L，精练剂KX-3105g/L，烧碱3g/L，温度90℃，时间60min。结果表明，退煮漂一步法处理后的织物白度和强力接近传统工艺，毛效及部分活性染料染色后的染色深度则优于传统工艺。     

棉织物茶皂素前处理工艺

茶皂素JT-S009含有纳米TiO2,茶皂素和甲壳糖等,可代替烧碱和精练酶用于棉织物前处理.优化的茶皂素前处理工艺为:茶皂素JT-S009 30 g/L,H2O210 g/L,精练剂TF-125T 4 g/L,水玻璃4 g/L,汽蒸时间45～60 min.结果表明,经茶皂素工艺处理后,棉织物白度和毛效较烧碱煮漂工艺和酶氧工艺好,强力损失在可控范围内.茶皂素工艺操作简便,工艺流程短,在生态环保等方面具有一定优势.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.