营养强化食品生产中微胶囊技术的应用探讨

本文阐述了食品营养强化的作用和要求,重点分析了营养强化食品中常用的强化方法及存在的主要问题,提出了微胶囊技术在营养强化食品中的应用构想。     

营养强化食品生产中微胶囊技术的应用探讨

本文阐述了食品营养强化的作用和要求,重点分析了营养强化食品中常用的强化方法及存在的主要问题．提出了微胶囊技术在营养强化食品中的应用构想。     

天然多糖在细胞固定化载体材料中的应用进展

天然多糖来源广泛，具有良好的生物相容性和易于改性的特点，其在细胞固定化应用技术中研究较早。本文简述常用的几种细胞固定化方法及近年来国内外细胞固定化载体研究的新进展，介绍了纤维素及其衍生物、壳聚糖、海藻酸等在酶固定化领域中的应用。阐述了材料固定化细胞的过程，并对细胞固定化用材料的发展前景予以展望。     

营养蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质组学是以生物体的全部或部分蛋白为研究对象,研究其在生命活动过程中的作用、功能,发展至今已日趋成熟.目前已将其运用于解决营养学领域中诸多问题,营养蛋白质组学应运而生,使得营养学的研究有了新突破.介绍了营养蛋白质组学的研究内容和方法,在食品科学研究中潜在的应用价值,以及营养蛋白质组学技术在食品营养素机制、植物化学物质、营养状况评价、营养相关疾病及食品科学中的应用.     

乳清制品在功能食品中的应用

本文阐述了乳清制品的营养特性及保健意义,并简要介绍了乳清产品在婴儿配方产品、中老年配方食品、减肥配方食品、运动营养产品中的应用。乳清产品含有许多种促进健康和抵御疾病的组分,必将越来越广泛地在各种功能食品中得到应用。     

脂质组学技术及其在水产中的应用研究进展

脂质组学是继蛋白组学、代谢组学之后,研究生物不同脂质分子的化学结构、生物功能及其在代谢调控中的动态变化,揭示脂质在生物样本中代谢调控机制的学科。水产品是农业和食品领域中的一门重要分支,脂质组学这一新兴学科正逐步扩展延伸到水产品相关技术邻域,为水产品的代谢、加工、贮藏、营养等研究提供了更为有效的技术手段,为学科注入了新的活力。随着脂质提取方法的发展和分析技术的不断创新,水产品脂质组学正逐渐走向成熟。本文探讨了目前脂质组学研究中几种常用的脂质提取方法和分析技术,并从脂质轮廓出发,对脂质组学在水产品研究中的应用和发展做出总结。目前脂质组学在水产品中的应用所涉及的方面广泛,如加工贮藏、功能营养、代谢疾病等,并且发展迅速,正逐步朝着规模性整体性的方向发展,有着无限的潜力。     

新型腌制技术在肉制品中的研究进展

随着肉品加工技术的发展,腌制作为肉类加工中一种常用的技术,其作用已从单纯的防腐发展为形成独特风味、改善色泽、提高产品品质。随着研究逐步深入,新技术如脉冲电场、冲击波技术等在肉品加工中的应用前景广阔,是肉品加工领域的研究热点。因此,本文首先总结了传统腌制技术如干腌法、湿腌法、注射腌制法、混合腌制法概念及原理,随后分析其利弊及在工业化生产中的应用,综述了肉制品加工中现代腌制技术应用现状,包括食品加工中新技术如脉冲电场技术、冲击波技术等在腌制中的研究应用,并阐述了腌制技术的发展趋势,以期为现代腌制技术及新技术在肉制品中的工业化应用和我国腌制肉制品产业的发展提供理论依据。     

固定化细胞技术应用于国内酱油生产的研究进展

传统法酿造的酱油产品营养丰富,酱香及酯香浓郁,但发酵周期长,且占用大量发酵设备.近年来,研究人员将固定化细胞技术应用于酱油生产中,具有节约能耗、降低成本、便于连续化生产等优势.就国内近几年关于固定化细胞技术在酱油生产中的应用研究及发展趋势进行了介绍.     

不同浓度沙门氏菌细胞生长分布规律研究

选用沙门氏菌SL1344在含20mg/kg甜菜碱和NaCl质量分数分别为0.0%、3.5% 和5.0%的最低营养培养基(BMM)环境中分别对大量细胞、少量细胞进行研究,并对3.5% NaCl条件下单个细胞的生长进行研究。重点介绍进行少量细胞研究的一般理论和方法,以及单个细胞研究中单细胞生长流动槽成像系统的应用。结果发现,大量细胞生长分布具有决定性,单细胞生长分布具有随机性的特点,并通过不同的生长模型初步阐述其关系。     

蛋白组学技术及其在营养学研究中的应用

蛋白组学在营养学研究中有着广泛的应用,并为肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病和衰老等营养相关疾病研究提供了新的思路.本文就蛋白组学技术及其在营养学研究中的应用进展进行了综述.     

Health,Wellbeing and Social Sciences

For social interventions aimed at improving nutrition behavior evidence from randomized trials is essential but cannot be the only approach of research activities. Interventions on dietary habits require considerations on food security, economic and environmental sustainability, and a broad meaning of wellbeing which includes, but also goes beyond, health effects. The model of research in nutrition requires a new consideration of observational studies, mainly through different analytical models. Nutrition and food studies need research programs where medical (nutrition and health), psychology (how we behave), economics (how resources are used and their impact on wellbeing) and sociology (how social determinant shape behavior) collaborate.     

Model organisms in molecular nutrition research

The complexity of food organism interactions necessitates the use of model organisms to understand physiological and pathological processes. In nutrition research, model organisms were initially used to understand how macro and micronutrients are handled in the organism. Currently, in nutritional systems biology, models of increasing complexity are needed in order to determine the global organisation of a biological system and the interaction with food and food components. Originally driven by genetics, certain model organisms have become most prominent. Model organisms are more accessible systems than human beings and include bacteria, yeast, flies, worms, and mammals such as mice. Here, the origin and the reasons to become the most prominent models are presented. Moreover, their applicability in molecular nutrition research is illustrated with selected examples.     

肠道吸收细胞模型研究进展及其在类胡萝卜素上的应用

膳食化合物在维持人体生理功能和预防疾病等方面至关重要,但其必须被人体高效吸收利用才能充分发挥其功能活性。肠道吸收细胞模型已成为体外模拟人体膳食化合物吸收利用及机制研究的有效手段。针对不同的膳食化合物,选取合理的肠道细胞吸收模型以及在现有细胞模型的基础上进一步改进,对于实现高效模拟人体对该膳食化合物的吸收利用具有重要意义。因此,本文概述了人体肠道上皮细胞的结构和功能,系统地综述了体外肠道细胞吸收模型研究进展,并以类胡萝卜素为代表,阐述了其肠道吸收转运机制,重点探讨了Caco-2单细胞模型和Caco-2/HT29-MTX细胞共培养模型在其吸收利用上的应用,以期为更好地利用肠道细胞吸收模型体外模拟人体对不同膳食化合物的吸收利用提供借鉴。     

姬松茸在糖尿病防治中作用的研究进展

在糖尿病的防治过程中,饮食营养治疗是基础疗法,是其它治疗方法的前提,适用于各种类型的糖尿病患者。近年来,对食物及其有效活性成分在调控血糖中的作用研究受到国内外研究者的普遍关注,期望寻找食物中有效降低血糖的成分。姬松茸是一种食用菌,含有植物多糖、植物固醇等多种植物化学物,主要作为一种保健食品,用于调节免疫力、预防糖尿病、高血脂及肿瘤等疾病。本文综述姬松茸在糖尿病预防和治疗中作用的相关研究进展,以明确其具体功能和作用机理。     

蓝莓饮料研究概况

蓝莓由于其高营养保健价值近年来多用于饮料加工。目前对蓝莓饮料的研究除了果汁饮料外,主要为发酵型饮料：乳酸菌饮料、醋饮料、复合型饮料。该文概括近几年蓝莓果汁饮料、乳饮料、醋饮料、复合型饮料的研究概况,旨在为蓝莓饮料的研究与开发提供参考。     

Low somatic cell count: a risk factor for subsequent clinical mastitis in a dairy herd

A case-control study was conducted to evaluate factors measured at the udder inflammation-free state as risk factors for subsequent clinical mastitis. The factors including somatic cell count (SCC), body condition score, milk yield, percentages of milk fat and milk protein, and diseases were evaluated for their association with the results of udder inflammatory response. The results of the response were specified as presence (case) and absence (control) of clinical signs of mastitis. Data on Holstein Friesian cows calving from January 1984 to November 1996 from a commercial farm with low bulk milk SCC were used. Univariable and multivariable random-effect logistic models were used to evaluate the effect of those factors on the risk of clinical mastitis. The following variables were associated with increased odds of case versus control events in the univariable analysis: early lactation period, low SCC, high milk yield, high percentage of milk protein, high percentage of milk fat, low body condition score, retained placenta, and milk fever. For the final multivariable model of all variables used for analysis, only low SCC remained significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent clinical mastitis. The authors concluded that very low SCC during the udder inflammation-free state are associated with increased risk of clinical mastitis.     

A 100-Year Review: From ascorbic acid to zinc—Mineral and vitamin nutrition of dairy cows

Mineral and vitamin nutrition of dairy cows was studied before the first volume of the Journal of Dairy Science was published and is still actively researched today. The initial studies on mineral nutrition of dairy cows were simple balance experiments (although the methods available at the time for measuring minerals were anything but simple). Output of Ca and P in feces, urine, and milk was subtracted from intake of Ca and P, and if values were negative it was often assumed that cows were lacking in the particular mineral. As analytical methods improved, more minerals were found to be required by dairy cows, and blood and tissue concentrations became primary response variables. Those measures often were poorly related to cow health, leading to the use of disease prevalence and immune function as a measure of mineral adequacy. As data were generated, mineral requirements became more accurate and included more sources of variation. In addition to milk yield and body weight inputs, bioavailability coefficients of minerals from different sources are used to formulate diets that can meet the needs of the cow without excessive excretion of minerals in manure, which negatively affects the environment. Milk, or more accurately the lack of milk in human diets, was central to the discovery of vitamins, but research into vitamin nutrition of cows developed slowly. For many decades bioassays were the only available method for measuring vitamin concentrations, which greatly limited research. The history of vitamin nutrition mirrors that of mineral nutrition. Among the first experiments conducted on vitamin nutrition of cows were those examining the factors affecting vitamin concentrations of milk. This was followed by determining the amount of vitamins needed to prevent deficiency diseases, which evolved into research to determine the amount of vitamins required to promote overall good health. The majority of research was conducted on vitamins A, D, and E because these vitamins have a dietary requirement, and clinical and marginal deficiencies became common as diets for cows changed from pasture and full exposure to the sun to stored forage and limited sun exposure. As researchers learned new functions of fat-soluble vitamins, requirements generally increased over time. Diets generally contain substantial amounts of B vitamins, and rumen bacteria can synthesize large quantities of many B vitamins; hence, research on water-soluble vitamins lagged behind. We now know that supplementation of specific water-soluble vitamins can enhance cow health and increase milk production in certain situations. Additional research is needed to define specific requirements for many water-soluble vitamins. Both mineral and vitamin research is hampered by the lack of sensitive biomarkers of status, but advanced molecular techniques may provide measures that respond to altered supply of minerals and vitamins and that are related to health or productive responses of the cow. The overall importance of proper mineral and vitamin nutrition is known, but as we discover new and more diverse functions, better supplementation strategies should lead to even better cow health and higher production.     

脂质组学在食品质量安全领域的应用进展

脂质在不同食品中组成各有差别,影响着食品的品质、营养和卫生,是人体重要的能量和营养来源,与许多慢性疾病（如心脑血管病、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、糖尿病等）的发生发展有直接的联系。脂质营养的深入研究不仅对食品质量安全,还对临床医学和农牧业生产等多个领域产生影响。随着脂质分离检测技术的快速发展,产生了一门系统分析脂质的新兴学科——脂质组学。作为代谢组学最重要的分支之一,脂质组学广泛应用于食品脂质的研究中。本文介绍了脂质组学的研究流程,并重点对脂质组学在食品成分分析、品质判别、真伪鉴别、产地溯源和食品安全的应用进行综述,最后总结了脂质组学在食品质量安全领域的局限性并予以展望,以期为脂质组学在食品质量安全领域的应用提供借鉴与参考。     

生酮饮食（KD）在临床营养辅助治疗中的研究进展

随着社会的发展和许多慢性代谢疾病发病率的不断上升,生酮饮食（ketogenic diet,KD）作为潜在的临床营养辅助治疗方法,受到人们越来越多的重视。目前,对糖代谢具有调节作用的生酮饮食辅助干预疗法在临床上的应用越来越多,并且取得了积极的结果。本文概括了酮病生理学、生酮饮食的基础及安全性,从代谢的角度重点介绍了生酮饮食在顽固性癫痫病和几种具有代表性的慢性代谢疾病:肥胖、糖尿病和癌症预防及辅助治疗中的临床应用研究进展,以期为我国临床营养辅助医疗的发展提供参考思路。     

秀丽隐杆线虫在食品营养功能评价中的研究进展

秀丽隐杆线虫作为一种理想的模式生物,已被越来越多地应用于食品营养功能的评价。与细胞、小鼠等其他模型比较,线虫具有体积小、寿命短、与人类基因同源性高、研究结果易于观察且能够在实验室大批量培养等优点。文章综述了秀丽隐杆线虫在抗肥胖、抗氧化、抗衰老的食品营养功能评价中的研究方法、潜在机理及研究进展,并展望了秀丽隐杆线虫在食品抗肥胖、抗氧化、抗衰老中的研究前景。