利用纤维废弃物生产L-乳酸的研究

为了使对环境造成污染的纤维废弃物得到资源化利用,采用纤维素酶对纤维废料进行酶解,并用米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸.研究结果表明,0.3 mol/L稀磷酸对纤维废弃物进行预处理后,纤维素酶酶解60h,取糖化液进行米根霉发酵,可得到较佳转化率;在固定摇床转速为120r/min、种龄12 h的条件下,米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸的最佳条件为:装液量(250 mL瓶)50mL,接种量8%;经稀磷酸预处理纤维废料分别糖化发酵时,糖对L-乳酸转化率高于未经稀磷酸预处理的,而在同时糖化发酵过程中,经稀磷酸预处理纤维废料发酵效果不明显.     

纤维素酶和乳酸菌同时糖化发酵麦麸制乳酸

以麦麸为原料经机械粉碎、稀酸预处理后,用纤维素酶和干酪乳酸菌进行同时糖化发酵生产乳酸。结果表明:酶添加量0.25%,接种量10%,温度50℃,pH4.5,反应48 h,得到发酵液乳酸含量为40.5 g/L。     

直接乳酸发酵工艺研究进展

对以淀粉质为原料进行直接乳酸发酵的国内外研究现状进行了综述.介绍了利用米根霉等真菌和解淀粉乳酸细菌进行直接乳酸发酵.以及通过添加降解酶进行同步糖化发酵的三种直接乳酸发酵工艺.指出通过筛选和构建更加高效的具有解淀粉活性的乳酸细菌和真菌,同时通过获得耐受更高温度的乳酸菌来提高同步糖化发酵的温度,进而使直接乳酸发酵工艺更加高效.     

玉米芯酶解糖化条件研究

测定了黑曲霉X-1菌株液体发酵制备的粗酶液中酶的种类,以及利用该粗酶液对不同植物纤维素原料、pH值、温度、底物浓度和酶解时间分别进行实验。结果表明:该粗酶液酶系组成为复合酶,除具有很高的木聚糖酶外,还含有较高的纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶及少量的纤维二糖酶。同时得到酶解糖化玉米芯的最佳条件:pH4.5、温度45℃,加入3%玉米芯粉酶解48h,糖化液中总糖达17.94mg/mL,还原糖达14.16mg/mL,糖化率达到59.4%。     

玉米芯酶解糖化条件研究

测定了黑曲霉X-1菌株液体发酵制备的粗酶液中酶的种类,以及利用该粗酶液对不同植物纤维素原料、pH值、温度、底物浓度和酶解时间分别进行实验.结果表明:该粗酶液酶系组成为复合酶,除具有很高的木聚糖酶外,还含有较高的纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶及少量的纤维二糖酶.同时得到酶解糖化玉米芯的最佳条件:pH4.5、温度45°C,加入3%玉米芯粉酶解48h,糖化液中总糖达17.94mg/mL,还原糖达14.16mg/mL,糖化率达到59.4%.     

大豆秸秆纤维素酶水解条件的研究

为了从大豆秸秆中提取生物降解性塑料的原料-乳酸对经粉碎及氨处理的大豆秸秆纤维素酶水解条件进行了研究。研究结果表明,酶水解最佳工艺条件为pH4.8,温度45℃,反应时间28h,底物浓度5%,酶用量为450IU/g(秸秆)。对酶解液成分进行了分析,酶解液主要由葡萄糖、木糖、纤维二糖组成,为下一步酶解液乳酸发酵实验提供了理论参考。     

耐高温酵母利用稻草粉同步糖化发酵的初步研究

研究不同预处理方法对稻草粉纤维素糖化率的影响.结果表明,冰冻处理可使纤维素酶对稻草粉的水解率提高11.2%;4%NaOH处理稻草粉,料水比1:10,pH4.8,50℃振荡酶解1 h得到还原糖浓度563.49μg/mL,是未处理的17倍;稀碱和机械粉碎对稻草粉预处理具有协同效果;发酵基质料水比8:100,发酵温度40℃,接种量5%,酶加量25 u/g时,产乙醇能力较高.     

以水稻秸秆为基质里氏木霉产酶条件优化

以里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）为研究对象,对水稻秸秆进行糖化试验。通过单因素试验及响应面法优化里氏木霉产酶培养基及产酶条件。结果表明,里氏木霉产酶最佳培养基为：水稻秸秆15.0 g/L、（NH4）2SO4 2.0 g/L、KH2PO4 3.0 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g/L、吐温-80 0.5 mL/L、微量元素液10.0 mL/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.005 g/L。此优化条件下,菌株的滤纸酶酶活为0.612 PFU/mL,提高了52.6%。最佳发酵条件为：发酵温度29 ℃,初始pH 6、接种量5.0%、转速150 r/min、发酵时间8 d。在此优化条件下,滤纸酶酶活为1.12 PFU/mL,提高了83.2%。     

碱法预处理玉米芯糖化发酵转化酒精工艺优化

为了探究玉米芯碱法预处理糖化发酵转化酒精产量的影响,利用热水和碱过氧化氢(AHP)对玉米芯进行预处理,研究不同酶解pH、底物浓度、加酶量对葡萄糖和木糖转化率的影响;对比热水处理前后玉米芯成分变化以及对不同发酵方式对酒精转化率的影响。结果表明:在初始pH值为5.2,10%底物浓度,纤维素酶添加量20 mg/g,50℃酶解24 h,能获得较高的葡萄糖(85%)和木糖转化率(80%);在此条件下进行分步发酵,80 h时酒精产量可达到16.84 g/L,为酒精转化率理论值的61.9%;半同步糖化发酵和同步糖化发酵酒精产量分别达到了16.23 g/L和16.19 g/L。表明不同发酵方式对酒精产量无显著差异。     

堆积糖化对玉米秸秆同步糖化固态发酵生产乙醇的影响

该文以玉米秸秆为原料,经蒸汽爆破预处理后接入Trichoderma reesei Rut C-40培养纤维素酶曲,将纤维素酶曲与汽爆秸秆混合堆积糖化后,接入酵母菌进行同步糖化固态发酵生产乙醇,通过Box-Behnken设计实验得到最适酶解工艺条件:酶曲/汽爆秸秆为1.2,温度46℃,pH值4.4,堆积糖化48h后酶解率可达到32.50%。将酶解糖化48h后的底物接入酵母菌,发酵96h后乙醇产率可达0.15g/g底物,较直接同步糖化发酵乙醇产率提高了9.3%。     

Lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of alfalfa fiber

Lactic acid was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of liquid hot water (LHW)-pretreated and non-LHW-pretreated alfalfa fibers. The Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii strains produced 0.464 and 0.354 g of lactic acid per g of dry matter of alfalfa fiber, respectively, by non-LHW pretreatment. L. xylosus and L. pentoaceticus produced lower yields of lactic acid from the same amount of alfalfa fiber, however, their acetic acid production was higher. These Lactobacillus strains did not require any additional nutrients during SSF of non-LHW-pretreated alfalfa fiber. After LHW pretreatment, the "raffinate" cellulosic fraction of alfalfa required additional nutrients for lactic acid production by SSF. Both L. plantarum and L. delbrueckii produced 0.606 and 0.59 g of lactic acid per g of dry matter of fiber, respectively. However, the "extract" soluble hemicellulosic fraction of alfalfa produced 0.38 to 0.62 g of lactic acid per g of dry matter extract during SSF and did not require nutrient supplementation. These results suggest that during the LHW pretreatment, alfalfa fiber nutrients are lost in cellulosic fractions but retained in hemicellulosic extract fractions.     

Production of L-lactic acid from corncob

The optimum temperature, initial pH, amount of added enzyme and substrate (corncob) for the hydrolysis of corncob by Acremonium cellulase were 35 degrees C, 4.5, 10 u/g-corncob and 100 g/l, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, more than 55 g/l of reducing sugars were hydrolyzed from 100 g/l of corncob to 34 g/l of glucose and 12 g/l of xylose based on dried corncob. More than 25 g/l of L-lactic acid was produced from this enzymatic hydrolyzate and less than 5 g/l of xylose remained in the 3-l airlift bioreactor. The production of L-lactic acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was also carried out in the 3-l airlift bioreactor using Acremonium thermophilus (cellulose-producer) and Rhizopus sp. MK-96-1196 (lactic acid-producer). More than 24 g/l of L-lactic acid was produced from 100 g/l of untreated raw corncob.     

温度对水果酵素发酵性能的影响

通过研究温度对水果酵素发酵过程中的发酵参数动态变化的影响,从pH值、有机酸、可溶性糖含量、纤维素酶活、微生物数量、感官评定等方面进行系统分析。结果发现,在发酵前期升温可显著提高可溶性糖含量(7 029.92 mg/mL),主要有机酸含量7.67 g/L,纤维素酶活15.66 U/mL及乳酸菌数量9.0 lg(CFU/mL)。乳酸菌数量与有机酸含量、可溶性糖含量、纤维素酶活之间有较强的相关性。本研究可为酵素产业健康发展提供一定的理论和技术依据。     

保宁醋醋曲中产多糖乳酸菌的筛选及其代谢产物分析

保宁醋因其复杂微生物体系和酿造工艺而形成独特风味,其风味物质和营养成分主要由各种功能性微生物发酵生成,其中乳酸菌是非常关键的一类菌株,其对保宁醋的风味和营养物质的形成具有重要作用。本研究以稀释涂布平板法从保宁醋醋曲中分离得到12株乳酸菌,通过定性试验、产酸率、耐酸试验和胞外多糖测定等实验,得到一株产多糖量为191.98 mg/L、产酸率为1.62%的乳酸菌L7,鉴定为发酵乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus femertum),其发酵液中3-羟基-2-丁酮和乙酸相对含量较高,分别为36.22%、45.76%,HPLC检测到乳酸、乙酸,含量分别为66.56 mg/100 mL和104.08 mg/100 mL,这表明L7将有利于提高食醋酸度以及川芎嗪含量。产多糖乳酸菌在食醋发酵过程中的具有重要作用,而此次所得乳酸杆菌对保宁醋生产和发酵工艺改良具有指导意义。     

乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵红枣汁工艺优化及成分分析

以红枣汁为原料,探究酿酒酵母分别与发酵乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、短乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌复合发酵对红枣汁品质的影响,并确定发酵工艺条件,以期得到一种新型红枣乳酸发酵饮品。通过单因素试验,在37℃条件下发酵60 h,对红枣汁发酵液的总酸度、总酚含量和抗氧化能力进行测定,确定酿酒酵母和乳酸菌的最佳组合及最佳接种比例。结果表明:酿酒酵母与发酵乳杆菌的接种体积比例为1∶4时,红枣汁发酵液总酸度为9.897 g/L,产酸率为8.31%,总酚含量为287.81 mg/L,维生素C含量为6.83 mg/100 mL,2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS]阳离子自由基清除率、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率和羟基自由基清除率分别为87.37%、89.38%和76.12%;经酿酒酵母和发酵乳杆菌复合发酵的红枣汁品质优于发酵乳杆菌发酵的红枣汁品质及未发酵的红枣汁;发酵后,发酵液中乳酸、柠檬酸、乙酸和富马酸含量显著增加,草酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和琥珀酸变化不明显;氨基酸中的鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量增加明显,表明红枣汁品质得到提升。     

碱预处理秸秆同步糖化发酵生产丁二酸

研究了碱预处理秸秆及用琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus sucinogenes同步糖化发酵秸秆生产丁二酸。结果表明:用1.0%NaOH溶液于120℃分别预处理玉米、小麦和水稻3种秸秆2 h,其木质素的脱除率、纤维素与半纤维素的总保留率均在85%以上。以3种碱预处理后的秸秆为原料,在补加纤维素酶与纤维二糖酶的条件下,A.sucinogenes F3-21摇瓶厌氧发酵72 h,产丁二酸浓度分别为30.74 g/L、24.98 g/L和26.57 g/L;在7 L罐中厌氧发酵72 h,丁二酸浓度分别达到40.21 g/L,30.06 g/L和39.07 g/L,每克预处理秸秆产丁二酸分别为0.50g、0.38 g和0.49 g。并用钙盐法对玉米秸秆同步糖化发酵液进行提取,得到纯度为99.98%的丁二酸结晶。说明了玉米、小麦和水稻3种秸杆为原料进行同步糖化发酵生产丁二酸的可行性。     

自然发酵分离乳酸菌发酵红甜菜过程中 品质及抗氧化能力变化

本研究使用从红甜菜自然发酵液中分离鉴定出的乳酸肠球菌和植物乳杆菌分别对红甜菜浆和红甜菜片进行发酵,测定了48 h发酵过程中pH、总酸、活菌数、总酚含量、黄酮含量、总抗氧化能力、DPPH·清除能力、ABTS~+·清除能力的变化。结果显示:发酵后的红甜菜浆和红甜菜片的pH显著下降(p0.05),最低达3.95;总酸含量有所增加,最高达16.78 g/kg;使用乳酸肠球菌发酵的红甜菜浆活菌数最高为7.17log(cfu/L);乳酸肠球菌发酵样品中总酚含量提升幅度最大,相对未发酵样品,其发酵浆总酚含量达755.30 mg/L,提高了72.55%;使用植物乳杆菌发酵的红甜菜片中黄酮含量最高为0.92 mg/L,增加了113.95%;植物乳杆菌发酵的红甜菜浆的甜菜红素含量下降最快,相比未发酵液降至6.01 mg/100 mL,下降38.10%,而红甜菜片发酵液中结果相反,甜菜红素含量分别增加128.81%和137.71%;各样品中的甜菜黄素均在发酵前半段显著提高(p0.05);经过发酵后样品的DPPH·清除能力均得到增强,乳酸肠球菌发酵红甜菜片抑制率最高达到55.32%;总抗氧化能力和ABTS~+·清除能力在乳酸肠球菌和植物乳杆菌发酵的红甜菜片样品中分别显著提高,最大值分别为1.14 mM FeSO_4/L和69.69%。这一研究为后续研究、开发红甜菜乳酸发酵制品提供了基础数据与理论依据。     

Control of Dongchimi Fermentation with Chitosan Deacetylated by Alkali Treatment to Prevent Over-Ripening

Abstract: Antimicrobial activities of chitosan against lactic acid bacteria were studied to apply for controlling dongchimi (whole-radish juicy kimchi) fermentation to prevent over-ripening. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan against lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum was assayed at 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L concentration in the medium. The addition of 40 mg/L of the chitosan prepared at 140 °C for 10 min showed strong inhibitory effect on the growth of L. mesenteroides and L. plantarum. The effects of addition of chitosan to dongchimi have also been studied during fermentation at different temperatures of 4, 10, and 20 °C. Addition of chitosan decreased markedly viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc spp. and Lactobacillus spp. at the initial stage. Subsequently the lactic acid bacteria recovered the growth to the same level as non-chitosan treated dongchimi. During the dongchimi fermentation, the addition of chitosan at larger quantity up to 1000 mg/L (CS1000) prolonged the palatable fermentation period. Addition of chitosan in the dongchimi seemed to inhibit the growth of lactic acid bacteria, thereby lowering the acid content. It, therefore, caused the shelf life to be extended and resulted in a prolonged palatable period for the dongchimi.     

The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of malt dust and use in the acidification of mash

In brewing, the mash or wort is frequently acidified by the addition of lactic acid or the bioacidification of the mash. The present study provides an alternative approach for mash or wort acidification by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of malt dust. In this method, fermentable carbohydrates released by the enzymatic breakdown of the cellulosic portion of the malt dust are converted to lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria. The effect of temperature, ranging between 45 and 51°C, solid loading of malt dust at 2, 5 and 10% (w/v) on a dry basis, and enzyme loading at 0.65, 2.6 and 6.5 filter paper units (FPU) per gram malt dust on SSF and change in pH in mash acidification were examined. The final pH and lactic acid concentration and final glucose concentration of the SSF media were significantly affected by the temperature of the process (p < 0.05). The highest lactic acid titre (9.7 g/L) and the lowest pH (3.12) were obtained by SSF of 10% (w/v) malt dust at 45°C with 6.5 FPU/g. The pH of the mashing solution [containing 20% (w/v) ground malt] decreased to around 5.4 and 5.2 after adding 1.9 and 2.9% of SSF media with pH 3.39. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling